...CANDLE MAKING LEAFLET NO. A531 Candle Making Margaret Bass Introduction In the past, candles were made from beeswax obtained from the honeycombs of bees or tallow produced from the suet of beef, pork, lamb etc. Nowadays candlemakers generally use candlewax blends based on paraffin wax and stearin to make candles. Beeswax is sometimes used today, but it is scarce and expensive. This booklet will explain the basic principles of candlemaking. Once mastered, the creative possibilities are limitless, and you will be able to make your own unique candles. Materials required for Candle Making Good quality paraffin wax. Wicking. Moulds. Stearin. (This is sold in the form of powdery white crystals. It is added to melted paraffin wax to make the candle more opaque. It makes white candles white, and improves the brightness of coloured candles. It also raises the melting point of wax so that the candles do not bend or sag, and it improves the burning quality of the candle). Mould sealer. Dyes. Perfume. (Not essential). Fig. 1 Page 2 Equipment required for Candle Making • • • • • Two pans, one larger than the other. Thermometer, reading to at least 100°C. Bucket or plastic bowl. (Not essential). Hammer. Newspapers, knives, scissors, spoons, old jug, saucepans. Heat source. Although domestic heating rings can be used, electric pots with thermostatic control are available, either of the 'water-jacket' or water-less type. Care and Safety The same care MUST be taken...
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...will need to make candles in a safe manner The first thing you will need is something to melt your wax in. Some people believe you should only use the double boiler method to melt wax. The double boiler method is the safest way to melt wax but it is also the slowest. There are a few ways to melt your wax for making candles, and we'll discuss those so you can decide which way is best for you. One thing I will warn you is to never melt wax on your stove unless you are using the double boiler method. Never melt wax on or in anything that does not have some form of temperature control because wax does have a flash point and will burst into flames without warning once it reaches that point. Depending on the wax the flash point may be between 290 - 380 degrees. Always be safe when you make candles. You don't have to have an expensive wax melter to make great candles either. I recommend you purchase a Presto "Kitchen Kettle" from your local hardware or Walmart store. I've seen them in just about every Walmart I've ever been in and they're only about $20.00! Just be sure you are getting the "Kitchen Kettle" there are many variations but the Kitchen Kettle comes with a numerical temperature gauge. Never melt wax in anything that doesn't have a numerical temperature gauge. Don't ever use anything with just high, medium and low settings. The next thing you will need is a good thermometer. You need to use this with your kitchen kettle to ensure a proper candle wax temperature at...
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...Used Cooking Oil as an Additive Component of Candle | AbstractThe study aims to produce a low-priced, high-quality candle by using used cooking oil as a major component. The following candle compositions were used: 100 percent paraffin wax; 90 percent paraffin and 10 percent oil; 80 percent paraffin and 20 percent oil; 70 percent paraffin and 30 percent oil; 60 percent paraffin and 40 percent oil; 50 percent paraffin and 50 percent oil. The firmness, texture, and light intensity of the candles were tested and compared.Results of the tests showed that the candle made from 100 percent paraffin wax had the lowest melting rate, lowest amount of melted candle, and a light intensity of 100 candelas (cd). The 90:10 preparation had the next lowest melting rate and amount of melted candle. The other preparations ranked according to the proportion of used cooking oil in the candle, with the 50:50 preparation performing least comparably with the 100 percent paraffin wax candle.IntroductionToday, candles are made not only for lighting purposes but for many other uses such as home décor, novelty collections, as fixtures for big occasions (weddings, baptismals, etc.), and as scented varieties for aromatherapy. Candles are made from different types of waxes and oils.Cooking oil is a major kitchen item in Filipino households. It is also used substantially in fast-food outlets, where it is used in different stages of food preparations. Ordinarily, used cooking oil is discarded. This waste...
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...when you see candles? We associate candles with celebrations (like Christmas or birthdays) or special occasions. Candles date back to the Ancient Egyptians who are credited with making the first candles. They used torches made by soaking the spongy core of reeds in melted tallow (National Candle Association: History of Candlemaking, p. 1). | B. Tie to the audience: I’m sure that all of us at some point have used candles for celebrations, romantic experiences, or for just plain decoration. The great part about making your own candles is that they are inexpensive to make and you shape the wax into something special. What could be more special than to make someone you love a homemade gift? | C. Credibility material: Two years ago, I made candles for decoration and also for people to purchase during a medieval Madrigal dinner production that our A Cappella choir put on. I have also made candles since then as a part of my church youth group around the Christmas season. | D. Preview: I will explain three basic things which include how to go about finding the right materials, how to melt the wax, and how to make a molded ice-cube candle. | [Transition: Let’s start by doing the most important thing, which is to find all of the materials, and tools needed to make candles.] | II. Body | A. The first step is to gather the equipment you will need (The Basics and Cool Candlemaking Ideas, p. 1). | 1. You will need wax; you can either use old, worn out candles which are obviously...
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...Chapter I Homemade Candle Cereus I. Introduction As early as the biblical times, the presence of candles is already mentioned. The first candles were made of flax thread coated with wax and pitch. Palm oil, bees wax, coconut oil, and olive oil are also used to produce these candles during the olden times. But as time passes by, there were changes that took place in candles. Not only on its appearance, but also in the materials being used to produce one. Up to the present, candles are still being used by every household and can be considered as a necessity. Knowing that a candle is a necessity for every household, researchers looked for ways to produce a candle which is cheap and at the same time environment friendly. The researchers aim to produce a product which has same quality and efficiency as commercially produced candles. Not only will it save the environment, but also the people who will be able to save money. A. Background of the Study 1. Why was the study conducted? The researchers conducted the study in order to assess the possibility of using paraffin wax versus that of commercially produced candles. Furthermore, the study aims to develop a better product than that of commercial ones. The researchers wanted to develop a cheaper and recycled candle that can be easily made at home with materials that are eco-friendly. By doing this, we can save money and mother earth. B. Statement of the Problem 1. What topic/problem was studied? The topic/problem...
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...Don't discard banana peels; they are valuable as plant fertilizer. Bananas are packed with nutrients, and that includes their peels. Though you won't want to eat them yourself, your plants benefit from the nutrients as the peels decay. Plants need nutrients need to thrive. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are required in the highest amounts, and nutrients such as calcium, manganese, sodium and sulfur are necessary in lower amounts. While various levels of these nutrients occur naturally, some soils can use a boost. Adding banana peels around prized plants is a widespread gardening practice that can improve your soil. Sponsored Link Expat Health Insurance Free Quotes Instantly Online Save Now on Best Cover for Expats www.nowcompare.com/Expats ------------------------------------------------- Potassium Dried banana peels are 42 percent potassium, more than most other organic substances, such as manure at 0.5 percent, wood ash at 10 percent and cantaloupe rinds at 12 percent. Potassium promotes the movement of water and nutrients between cells. It also strengthens stems and protects plants from disease. Because the plant is healthier, it might flower more. After the plant blooms, potassium can improve the quality and size of any fruit or nuts. ------------------------------------------------- Phosphorus Banana peels are 3.25 percent phosphorus, one of the other major nutrients that plants need to grow. Phosphorus helps rooting, improves winter hardiness and speeds...
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...to mind when you see candles? We associate candles with celebrations (like Christmas or birthdays) or special occasions. Candles date back to the Ancient Egyptians who are credited with making the first candles. They used torches made by soaking the spongy core of reeds in melted tallow (National Candle Association: History of Candlemaking, p. 1). B. Tie to the audience: I’m sure that all of us at some point have used candles for celebrations, romantic experiences, or for just plain decoration. The great part about making your own candles is that they are inexpensive to make and you shape the wax into something special. What could be more special than to make someone you love a homemade gift? C. Credibility material: Two years ago, I made candles for decoration and also for people to purchase during a medieval Madrigal dinner production that our A Cappella choir put on. I have also made candles since then as a part of my church youth group around the Christmas season. D. Preview: I will explain three basic things which include how to go about finding the right materials, how to melt the wax, and how to make a molded ice-cube candle. [Transition: Let’s start by doing the most important thing, which is to find all of the materials, and tools needed to make candles.] II. Body A. The first step is to gather the equipment you will need (The Basics and Cool Candlemaking Ideas, p. 1). 1. You will need wax; you can either use old, worn out candles which are obviously free...
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...their money on more. Therefore, being the leader in the market, Yankee Candle must establish their brand, expand retail and wholesale networks and introduce new fragrances. The company has a strong foundation and with its innovation, the only way to continue is by expanding. Opening more stores is a good idea for the company to continue building its brand recognition. Possibly appealing to a new target market could also be a route to take. Designing a line of products that would appeal to a younger market would be my suggestion. Perhaps even making the candles flameless, but not losing the uniqueness of the scents. Younger generations tend to like the innovation of flameless scents. Also, college dorms often do not allow candles because of fire hazards. Manufacturing flameless candles with the signature scents of YCC can eliminate this issue. Also, Aroma Naturals operates primarily as an online retailer; a good idea would be to open stores for this brand as well. I checked out their website and it is a very interesting theory of aromatherapy. “The therapeutic use of pure plant essential oils to bring well-being to both mind and body”, is an invigorating aspect to pursue. Many loyal customers of Yankee Candle value the authenticity of the product and the innovation of product development. After browsing through the Aroma Naturals website, I believe that this brand also has product innovation. Yankee Candle employed the use of multichannel distribution to gain success in the competitive...
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...and Mrs. Snooks are going to bed. Mrs. Snooks ask Mr. Snooks if he could blow the candle out. But he can only blow by putting his under lip over his upper lip. So his breath went up instead of blowing out the candle flame. So Mrs. Snooks get up from the bed to blow the candle out. But she can only blow by putting her upper lip over her under lip. So her breath went down to the floor. So Mrs. Snooks called her son John to come and blow out the candle. He came. John could only blow out of the right corner of his mouth. So his breath hit the wall of the room instead of the candle. So they all called for his sister, little Ann. She came. Little Ann could only blow out of the left side of her mouth. So her breath hit the wall instead of the candle. Suddenly they heard a heavy steady tread coming along the pavement. It was a policeman. Mrs. Snooks ask the policeman if he can blow out the candle. The policeman came. He came into the room were Mr. Snooks, Mrs. Snooks, John and little Ann were standing around the candle they wanted to blow out. And just with a little puff, the policeman blow out the candle at first time. All in the family thanked him. The policeman turned around and went down the stairs. “Just a moment, you musn`t go down the stairs in the dark” said Mr. Snooks. He lit the candle again. The policeman went out the door and Mr. Snooks went up to go to bed. “Would you blow out the candle?” said Mrs. Snooks to Mr. Snooks. And so on ad...
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...Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants | AbstractMulching in agricultural provides a safe yet equally profitable method of enriching and fertilizing the soil planted with crops. Most often-used mulches are of organic composition, such as dry leaves and barks. Unlike synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, these organic mulches pose no or little damage to the soil and crops.In this study, the effectiveness of dried papaya leaves as organic mulch for tomato was tested. Papaya mulches in different thickness were applied on plots planted with tomato in three replications. After the determined period of mulch application, the researchers application, the researchers measured the height increases of tomato plants ands the weed density in the plots. It was concluded that papaya mulch significantly promoted height increase of tomato plants and inhibited the growth of weeds. The best mulch was 3 inches in thickness.IntroductionUsually defined as the use of organic and biodegradable materials to give plants the nutrients they need, organic farming proved to be the safest and most effective method of increasing and sustaining yield. Various methods fall under organic farming, such as composting, green manuring, legume inoculating, and utilizing animal manure as fertilizers.Mulching is a simple process that increases soil fertility and regulating several factors affecting overall plant growth. In this method, a layer of material-the mulch-is placed on soil surface around the...
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...“Feasibility of melted wax crayon (Heavy hydrocarbon) to create candle.” Researchers: Ivan Tabaquero Jeilyka Briones Kamille Dioso Adviser: Caroline Bulatao A candle is a solid block or cylinder of wax with an embedded wick, which is lit to provide light, and sometimes heat. Today, most candles are made from paraffin. Candles can also be made from beeswax, soy, other plant waxes, and tallow (a by-product of beef-fat rendering). Gel candles are made from a mixture of paraffin and plastic. Before the invention of electric lighting candles and oil lamps were commonly used for illumination. In areas without electricity, they are still used routinely Abstract Table of Contents Chapter One………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 5 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 a. Background of the study …………………………….………………………………………………………………………... 7 b. Statement of the Problem …………………………………….………………………………………………………………. 7 c. Hypothesis …………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………… 8 d. Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………. 8 e. Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………………………………….…………………….. 9 f. Scope and Limitation ………………………………………………………………………………….……………………… 10 g. Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 Chapter 2: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Review of Related Literature ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13 Chapter 3:...
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...This paper presents a life cycle assessment of beeswax candles in the effort to confirm that beeswax candles are more sustainable and environmentally friendly than other comparable variations. Various types of candles are burned every year by millions of consumers; the United States Environmental Protection Agency reports that candle and incense sales exceeded a million dollars in 1999 (Knight, Levin, & Mendenhall, 2001). Beeswax candles, however, are one of the few sustainable and environmentally friendly types of candles available to consumers. Through the exploration of how the collection beeswax affects bees, the energy used and pollution created through candle production and transportation, and the effects burning candles and their disposal have on the environment, a thorough life cycle assessment will support the claim that beeswax candles are the most sustainable and environmentally friendly candle available on the market. To support the aforementioned claims, the environmental effects of other types of candles will be compared to those of beeswax candles. The collection of beeswax can be traced back millions of years and these traditional ways of beekeeping are still used today (Bradbear, 2009, p.1). Breadbear describes that beekeepers have found that the end of a flowering season is the best time of the year to harvest the honey (2009, p. 42). She explains more thoroughly, The honeycomb can be simply cut into pieces and sold as fresh, cut comb honey. Alternatively...
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...* He is not aware of the processes followed in manufacturing the candles. * The quality of the candles depended on the precision of the manufacturing process. A small error in measurement would damage the candles. Hence care had to be taken during the manufacturing process. Finance issues: * The daily operating costs were not known. * Uncertainty about the value of the assets such as the mould frames, property etc. * The candles were under-priced compared to the surrounding areas as the Government had fixed the sales price of the candles. * Ascertaining the profitability of the company(and hence if the business is sustainable). * Determining the requirement of capital investment in the business. HR issues: * Details of the workforce like number and their skill level etc. * Relegation of roles and responsibilities. * Fixing daily working hours and the rigor of labor expected from the employees. * Fixing the daily wages of the workers. Marketing and distribution issues: * Meeting the high demand of candles since it was the only candle making factory in the country. * Identifying the target consumers. * Should his business serve all the people of Kengolia? Was it his responsibility to ensure even distribution throughout the land? Operation issues: * Needed to understand the step-by-step procedures to be followed in manufacturing the candles. * Making an inventory of...
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...St. Michael’s College Basic Education Department Brgy. San Miguel, Iligan City S.Y: 2014-2015 CANDLE SWING Members: Bagamaspad, Maegan D. Cariño, Aaron Joefferson R. Cantoja, Christian Dominic G. Heolin, John Paul M. Layug, Manuel Kent M. Maminta, Alyssa Mae D. Suzon, Patrick Miguel B. Tan, Hilary Marie Vien C. Villamor, Rom Timothy Marro S. Table of Contents Acknowledgement ........................................................................................ xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. About the project ........................................................................................ 1 B. Statement of the problem ........................................................................... 2 C. Null Hypothesis ........................................................................................... 2 D. Scope and Limitation .................................................................................. 2 E. Significance of the Study ............................................................................ 3 F. Definition of Terms ....................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature ........................................................................... 4 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY A. Materials .................................................................................................... 8 B. Procedure .......................................
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...Strategic Marketing Plan Executive Summary Product Description/Objective This candle holder is a bottle neck pillar candle holder offered by Pier 1 Imports. The candle accessory is decorated in abstract design in neutral colors. Pier 1 Imports searches out artisans throughout the world to help them find and develop and develop fashion trends designed specifically for their customers. Target Audience The primary customers are those who enjoy decorating their home with a desire for distinct décor and good value. The target market for this product from Pier 1 Imports is women ages 25-34. These consumers are combining purchased goods, such as this pillar candle holder with their own home décor ideas to complete the look of their home. These consumers are generally either impulse buyers or they are purchasing under limited decision making, where they have done a surface research of different candle holders that have piqued their interest. Competition Current competitors for Pier 1 Imports include box retail stores such as Walmart and Target, large retail stores such as Bed, Bath & Beyond and IKEA and specialty stores such as Yankee and Crate & Barrel. Pier 1 Imports is positioned to handle competition through at least two forms of sustainable competitive advantages. First, Pier 1 Imports has built the brand and made a very good brand for themselves. Pier 1 Imports is iconic with home décor and is pretty much a household name. Many households in America...
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