...Cannabis/Marijuana for Our Environment, Health and Ecology A Research Paper in English Submitted to: Mrs. Ma. Leonor M. Vertucio Submitted by: Mayuga, John Angel Ocino, Angel Joseph I. Introduction Our topic is about Cannabis, also known as marijuana (sometimes spelled "marihuana") among many other names, refers to any number of preparations of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or for medicinal purposes. According to the United Nations, cannabis "is the most widely used illicit substance in the world.“ The typical herbal form of cannabis consists of the flowers and subtending leaves and stalks of mature pistil late female plants. The resinous form of the drug is known as hashish (or merely as 'hash') The major psychoactive chemical compound in cannabis is Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (commonly abbreviated as THC). Cannabis contains more than 400 different chemical compounds, including at least 66 other cannabinoids (cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN) and tetrahydro cannabis varin (THCV), etc. which can result in different effects from those of THC alone. In modern times, the drug has been used for recreational, religious or spiritual, and medicinal purposes. We choose this topic to know and to inform our listeners that marijuana is a harmful plant...
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...disadvantages of Cannabis Legalisation in Australia. Dennis, M.L. & W White (1999) ‘The Marijuana Legalization Debate: is There a Middle Ground’. In JA Inciardi (ed), The Drug Legalization Debate. Sage Publications. Ferguson, D.M.. & L.J. Horwood (2000) ‘Does Cannabis Use Encourage Other Forms of Illicit Drug Use?’, Addiction, 95(4): 505-520. Gerber, R.J. (2004) ‘History of Demonizing Drugs’. In Legalizing Marijuana: Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics, Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 1-16. Hall, W. (1997) ‘The Recent Australian Debate About the Prohibition on Cannabis Use’, Addiction, 92(9): 1109-1115. Hall, W. (1998) ‘Cannabis Use and Psychosis’, Drug and Alcohol Review, 17: 433-444. Hall, W. & R.L. Pacula (2003) ‘Policy Alternatives’. In Cannabis Use and Dependence: Public Health and Public Policy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183-226. Himmelstein, J.L. (1983) ‘From Killer Weed to Drop Out Drug’, Contemporary Crises, 7(1): 13-38. Sarre, R. (1990) ‘A Review of the Cannabis Expiation Notice Scheme in South Australia: Research Note’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 299-303. MacCoun R.J. and P. Reuter Drug War 'Heresies: Learning from Other Vices, Times, & Places', Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. McGeorge, J. & C.K. Aitken (1997) ‘Effects of Cannabis Decriminalization in the Australian Capital Territory on University Students’ Patterns of Use, Journal of Drug Issues, 27(4): 785-794. Cannabis has had a long...
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...legalizing marijuana these paper will analyze several crucial points of this discussion and review several articles and their position on this controversial topic. We will analyze the main topics of concern for the legalization of cannabis which will include, the history of the prohibition of cannabis, the potential health risks compare to alcohol and tobacco, the criminal affect that this drug can have if legalize and finally the economical side of cannabis. The following paragraphs will dissect the following topics with the help of several articles and experts in the topic. The first topic of discussion will be the history of the prohibition of cannabis which became illegal in September of 1937. To understand this topic we need to submerge ourselves into its history. In the article “How Hemp Became Illegal: The Marijuana Link” explains the detailed history on how this miracle plant became illegal. The main concern of marijuana was that it was a plant that was so versatile not only because it can be used in so many ways but because marijuana can be grown pretty much in any climate and with a minimal water supply. This article goes into detail of all the inside meetings between politicians and multimillionaire tycoons who wanted cannabis to become illegal because marijuana could be used as paper, food, fiber, fuel, plastic and of course medicine. This article mentions the following “Hemp was declared dangerous and a threat to their billion dollar enterprises. For...
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...possession and use of cannabis that is also commonly known as marijuana is considered illegal. In fact, it can be noted that for many years, cannabis has been considered to an illegal drug in most countries. Nevertheless, today, some countries have legalized cannabis while other countries have not. In particular, small quantities of cannabis have been allowed in regions such as Europe, North America and South America. Moreover, in the United States, some states such as Washington and Colorado have also legalized the possession and usage of marijuana for medical purposes. On the other hand, various penalties are imposed for use or possession of cannabis in most countries. The penalties generally range from simple to severe punishments. Possession of small quantities of marijuana is not punished the same way as possession of large quantities. In this argumentative essay, I seek to argue the reasons why cannabis should be legalized, and why it should not. Primarily, cannabis should be legalized since it is used for medication, and its legalization means better and higher quality health standards. For example, Sativex is a recent drug that has been discovered to cure Multiple Sclerosis (Kmietowicz 89). The drug has been used in the United Kingdom to treat MS patients, and it has been found to work effectively. Therefore, banning of cannabis would be a disadvantage to people who suffer from diseases that use cannabis as a major component in their medicine. The usage of cannabis for medical...
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...Matt Daniele Professor Kaven COMM 110 2/26/17 Benefits of Medical Cannabis Introduction Attention Getter: Imagine waking up in a hospital and finding out that you have a serious injury, disease, or life changing disorder. The doctors tell you that you have no options other than a life threatening surgery or harmful medication. What if I told you those doctors were wrong, and you could treat yourself for free? Psychological Orientation: Medical Cannabis has many positive benefits. Cannabis is a cheaper alternative to medications with harmful side effects. Cannabis has little to no side effects in many people, with the exception of being drawn to the refrigerator. Logical Orientation: Today I am going to talk to you about the benefits of using cannabis. I will do this in 3 main points: what cannabis is, how it reduces chronic pain, and...
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...1668–1673. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.4005. Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Analgesic Overdose Mortality in the United States, 1999–2010 Author Manuscript Marcus A. Bachhuber, MD, Brendan Saloner, PhD, Chinazo O. Cunningham, MD, MS, and Colleen L. Barry, PhD, MPP Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Bachhuber); Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Bachhuber); Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Bachhuber, Saloner, Barry); Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Saloner); Division of General Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Cunningham); Department of Health Policy and Management, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (Barry) Abstract Author Manuscript IMPORTANCE—Opioid analgesic overdose mortality continues to rise in the United States, driven by increases in prescribing for chronic pain. Because chronic pain is a major indication for medical cannabis, laws that establish access to medical cannabis may change overdose mortality related to opioid analgesics in states that have enacted them. OBJECTIVE—To determine the association between the presence of state medical cannabis laws and opioid analgesic overdose mortality. DESIGN...
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...Marijuana? In most countries, possession and use of marijuana, also commonly known as cannabis is considered legal, even in some states in United States. In fact, it can be noted that for many years, cannabis has been considered an illegal drug in most countries. Nevertheless, today, some countries have legalized cannabis while other countries have not. In particular, small quantities of cannabis have been allowed in regions such as Europe, North America and South America and the United States, where some states such as California, Washington and Colorado have legalized the possession and usage of marijuana for medical purposes. Federal government should legalize marijuana due to benefits toward patient health care, government tax subsidy and reduction in drug wars can strongly favorize the legalization of marijuana. Opponents of marijuana legalization, support their beliefs by using objections such as marijuana is not a proper medical treatment. They believe marijuana can be as efficient as any other painkiller or other drugs that mimic similar results. Opposers also claim that by legalizing marijuana will allow more people to abuse this drug. Primarily, cannabis should be legalized since it is used for medical purpose. Marijuana can offer individuals a higher standard of living. For example, Sativex is a recent drug that contains a major active ingredient derived from cannabis and it has been discovered to cure Multiple Sclerosis (Kmietowicz 89). The drug has been used...
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...Public Awareness The increased presence of the cannabis industry in society will result in youth normalization and media sensationalization. Abundance and accessibility in society is parallel to increased risk of youth-exposure, both direct and indirect. In the US state of Colorado, researchers found that in the following year after legalisation, there was a 7% increase in accidental youth ingestion of cannabis. The limitation of the US legalisation having no affiliation to Canadian society makes this source unreliable, yet it is valuable as it is a good comparison displaying the current (and only) cannabis youth research. If Canadian youth are ‘nurtured’ in an environment regulating cannabis, the misconception between the existential detriments...
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...Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a form of the cannabis plant. In 1923, marijuana was added to the Confidential Restricted List as a prohibited drug in Canada. However, many Canadians believe that marijuana should be legalized because it can play a significant role in the medical industry. However, others hold the opposite attitude toward Marijuana legalization. This serious controversy has lasted for many decades. Canada’s neighbor, the U.S. government, has forbidden this drug since the early 1900s. However, this implementation didn’t produce a satisfactory result. (National Prevention Strategy, 2011) Marijuana should be legalized in Canada because its advantages outweigh the disadvantages. These advantages are likely to promote the Canadian economy, eliminate social issues and benefit the health of its residents. In terms of the economy, legalizing marijuana could conduct not only negative effects, but also positive effects. In the past decade, underground trade of marijuana has caused harm to Canada’s income. Werner Antweiler, the UBC professor, believes that the marijuana market is sizable. (2013) In B.C., the estimates show that Canadians consume at least 3 billion dollars in marijuana products annually. (Barmak, 2013) Other data from The International Journal of Drug Policy indicate that the retail value of marijuana consumption in B.C is between $443 million and $564 million. In addition, further estimates point out that marijuana legalization is likely to help the...
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...Summary In conclusion, when concerned with the topic of cannabis, one should not underestimate the issue as it affects so many Canadian, especially the youth. Substance abuse is the highest among users ages 18 to 29 years old at 40% of usage and considering the fact that 33% of Ontario undergrads used cannabis in the past year (CAMH) this interest group is of the uptmost importance. Cannabis use is not simply amongst a small group of people in Canada, as 45.3% of Canadian citizens used cannabis in their lifetime and although cannabis consumption has been somewhat stable since 2005, it has almost doubled between 1996 and 2015, with an increase rate jumping from 8.7% to 14.5 respectively. Also, adolescents who use cannabis are more likely to...
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...Mary Jane, Cannabis or Ganja it is a herb that has many people advocating for its legalization once again. It is now unjustly classified as an illegal drug in most countries and as having no medicinal value in the United States constitution. The fact that medical cannabis is now available throughout Canada and twenty of the US states shows how biased and hypocritical the government is in regards to this plant. The fact is the legalization of cannabis would be beneficial to our society’s health, economic and judicial systems. Cannabis was the most widely used medicinal plant around the world with documentation of its use in China going back 5,000 years. There is evidence showing that cannabis has helped heal or alleviate symptoms in people diagnosed with epilepsy, asthma, cancer and arthritis. I have not heard of any cases of patients dying from medical cannabis use yet there are known cases of thousands dying from prescription drugs. The burden that is presently placed on our health care system would be alleviated by more effective medicine. This would mean fewer visits to the doctor, less waiting time for specialist appointments and more availability at hospitals. A healthier society would mean a better quality of life for everyone. The legalization of cannabis would not only save the government money spent on enforcing prohibition but would create millions in tax revenue. The state of Colorado has recently legalized the sale of cannabis and made...
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...of medicine or whether it’s a gateway drug. This question may never truly be solved but there have been valid arguments for both sides. I would like to delve in on the topic by analyzing what the effects of marijuana are, what the positive and negative aspects of the drug are, and whether or not cannabis should be illegal. The first topic I would like to discuss is what the effects of marijuana are when it is used. The article Marijuana in Medicine: Past, Present and Future in the Western Journal of Medicine wrote about an experiment where marijuana was tested on animals. One reason why they found a lot of variability of reactions among the animals tested was because: “different batches of cannabis derivatives vary greatly in strength” (36). They go on to explain “there is a wide variation among humans in their individual responses to cannabis” (36). This brings light to a very important effect of marijuana, which is that it varies in strength from batch to batch. This is important to know when using the drug because it can affect people very differently based on the strength of the drug. Another effect of marijuana discussed by the Western Journal of Medicine is that cannabis “mildly stimulates, and then sedates the higher centers of the brain” (36). The article continues on to say that “this condition is probably associated with the other well-known symptom produced by the drug, namely, the prolongation of time”. This is essentially saying that when you use marijuana...
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...GENERAL ASSEMBLY STATE OF ILLINOIS 2012 HB0050 INTRODUCED 6/21/12, BY REPRESENTATIVE. ANGELA INGRAM THE REASONABLE RELIEF OF PAIN ACT ALLOWS FOR THE USE OF MEDICAL GRADE CANNABIS AS TREATMENT FOR PERSON’S AFFLICTED WITH CHRONIC HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT HAVE BEEN DIAGNOSED BY A PHYSICIAN. THE PERSON AND THE PERSON’S CAREGIVER WILL BE ISSUED A REGISTRY IDENTIFICATION CARD BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH, WHICH ALLOWS THE PERSON OR THEIR CAREGIVER TO LEGALLY POSSESS CANNABIS PLANTS AND NO MORE THAN TWO OUNCES OF DRY CANNABIS. THIS ACT AMENDS THE CANNABIS CONTROL ACT TO MAKE CONVENTIONAL CHANGES, INCLUDING ANY ALLOWANCES FOR ANY REGISTERED QUALIFYING PATIENT OR THEIR REGISTERED PRIMARY PERSON OR CAREGIVER THAT WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DISPENSING CANNABIS TO SOMEONE THAT IS NOT ALLOWED TO UTILIZE CANNABIS AND WILL BE SUBJECT TO A ADDITIONAL CHARGE OF $2,000, FOR THE ABUSE OF THE REASONABLE RELIEF OF PAIN ACT. ANGELA INGRAM POL110 – AMERICAN EXPERIENCE ANDREA MILES – INSTRUCTOR JUNE 22, 2012 SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2011 SESSION INTRODUCED BY: PRIMARY SPONSOR: REP. ANGELA INGRAM SECONDARY SPONSOR: REP. JOSE PEREZ AN ACT REGARDING ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT FOR SERIOUS DISEASES THAT CAUSE CHRONIC PAIN. 1. PURPOSE: THE PURPOSE OF THIS BILL IS TO LEGALIZE MEDICINAL MARIJUANA 2. TO ALLEVIATE THE PAIN AND SUFFERING...
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...Brenda Joseph Ms. Lewis ENC 1101 23 October 2013 Why Marijuana is an ideal medical drug? Marijuana has many nicknames for instance, weed, Mary Jane, reefer, chronic, and pot. Marijuana is from “the cannabis indicia plant or cannabis sativa plant.”( Nordqvist) Society categorized marijuana is as a gateway drug, or an abusive drug. On the contrary, marijuana is beneficial in the medical terms more than just a drug to “feel good”. Considering that marijuana is an illegal drug in most states, it is less harmful to the other illegal drugs such as cocaine, meth, and ecstasy. Studies have shown that “marijuana has been used medically for over five thousand years, with the earliest accounts dating back to China in the third millennium, B.C.” (Pfeifer 23). Even during the era of the thirteen colonies, Thomas Jefferson grew marijuana or hemp to make rope or local consumption. Marijuana has been in this world for many centuries so for the United States to declare it an illegal drug is wrong. Marijuana has the chemical tetrahydrocannabinol, or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC for short. THC has the painkilling effects like morphine but without the addictive trait. Marijuana is known to stimulate appetite or “munchies” which can aid people whom have poor eating habits. The media even portrays marijuana as a way to relax and relief stress, angry and anxiety. This generation heavily influences the use of marijuana. Marijuana is consumed in many ways such as smoking, inhaling...
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...The use, sale and cultivation of cannabis/marijuana are prohibited in Australia and all other countries that have signed the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. The prohibition of the drug is justified on the grounds that drug use presents a serious danger to health. Despite the prohibition of the drug, cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in Australia. The question of whether it should remain illegal or become legalized remains open for discussion. Hence, this report explores the advantages and disadvantages of cannabis use throughout society, through the following messages; the alternative use for medicinal purposes, the negative affects the drug has on the individual, and their possible harm to community concluding with the...
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