...www.pwc.com/journal The Journal Capital management in banking: The way forward Looking ahead, the future for banking is becoming clearer. It is a future of more capital, more liquidity and less risk. In this article we look into Basel III and the challenges firms will face as these changes come into operation. December 2010 The future of banking is becoming clearer. It is a future of more capital, more liquidity and less risk. And, inevitably, it is a future with lower returns on capital, higher costs of doing business and slower growth with ultimate effects to be felt by shareholders and end consumers. Greater scrutiny by investors, regulators and other stakeholders regarding balance sheet usage is also expected. Basel III is set to redraw the banking landscape. It will have a profound impact PwC (US) on profitability and force many banks to +1 (646) 471 5257 transform their business models. It will fernando.de.la.mora@us.pwc.com also require firms to undertake significant process and system changes. Fernando De La Mora challenges but also keep abreast of the competition. The markets have already started to price Basel III impact. As shown in Figure 1, the credit default swap (CDS) market already pays more attention to banks’ pro-forma capital adequacy levels under Basel III rather than to the current standards. As the equity markets better understand the return on equity (ROE) impact of new standards and bank strategies become more clearly articulated, investors...
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...Efficient Working Capital Management • A lot of corporate organizations could not live to achieve their objectives due to inefficiency in the management of its working capital. Every organization, both private and public needs sufficient working capital to enable it meet up with its daily basic financial obligations. • The objectives of this research work are: to examine efficient working capital management as a prerequisite to corporate survival and growth; to find out what makes up working capital and if possible the best combination; and to suggest some measures for improvement in working capital management. • Efficient working capital management involves themix of the current assets, current liabilities and fixed assets of the business in order to meet up with the day to day need of the business in question or in order words to keep the business going with less waste especially in terms of time, energy and goodwill. Nwankwo (2005) . • efficient working capital is based on the decision of themanagement of the company in determining the volume of current assets over current liabilities that the company is prepared to have in the company’s balance sheet. Ibenta (2005, p. 406) Working Capital Theories and Implications There are basically three theories of working capital, which includes the conservative approach, the aggressive approach and the moderate approach (Nwankwo, 2005). - The Conservative Approach: In this approach permanent capital is being used to finance...
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...Money and Currency Market Assessment Working Capital Management Report #3 Faculty of Business Field of Study: Money and Currency Market Kozminski University, Warsaw Handed in by: Ewa Dembska, Jennifer March, Sarah Steinberger Course: WIB-bi 13 Academic tutor: Prof. Dr. Mieczysław Grudziński Warsaw, 25th March 2015 | Introduction to the problem You are the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of BP. This afternoon you played golf with a member of the company’s board of directors. Somewhere during the back nine, the board member enthusiastically described a recent article she had read in a leading management journal. This article noted several companies that had improved their stock price performance through effective working capital management, and the board member was intrigued. She wondered whether BP was managing its working capital effectively and, if not, whether BP could accomplish something similar. How was BP managing its working capital, and how does it compare to its competitors? Upon returning home, you decide to do a quick preliminary investigation using information freely available on the Internet. Task 1 Obtain BP’s financial statements for the past four years from Yahoo! Finance (http://finance.yahoo.com). See attachments Excel File: Case#3 Spreadsheet Task 2 Obtain the competitors' ratios for comparison from Yahoo! Finance (http://finance.yahoo.com). See attachments Excel File: Case#3 Spreadsheet Task 3 Compute the cash conversion cycle for BP for each of the...
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...23, 2015 M. Shahjahan Mina Professor, Department of Finance University Of Dhaka Subject: Letter regarding Submission of report on Working Capital Management Of M.I. Cement Factory Ltd Dear sir, With due respect, we, a study group of six members of B.B.A. Program (18th Batch) under Department of Finance, University of Dhaka, submit the report entitled “Working Capital Management of M.I. Cement Factory Ltd.” that you have assigned us as the partial course requirement of the respective semester. We thank you, sir, for this assignment which has enriched our knowledge of this topic. Also, our involvement with little field study has nurtured our understanding, which will undoubtedly help us in the coming semesters and further. Respectfully ………………………………… Md. Akramuzzaman On behalf of the group, Roll: 18-113, Section: A Department of Finance University of Dhaka Working capital management is the management of current assets and liabilities of an organization. It is extremely important for any manufacturing company. WC represents a large portion of the total investment in assets. This clearly indicates that the finance manager should pay a close attention to the management of current assets on a continuing basis. Besides, there is a direct relationship between a firm’s growth and its working capital needs. As sales grow, the firm needs to invest more in inventories and debtors. In this report, we have...
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...CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 1. INDUSTRY PROFILE Technology generation in the Indian tyre industry has witnessed a fair amount of expertise and versatility to absorb, adapt and modify international technology to suit Indian conditions. This is reflected in the swift technology progression from cotton (reinforcement) carcass to high-performance radial tyres in a span of four decades. Globalization has led to the linking of the economies of all the nations and therefore major Indian players in the tyre industry are pursuing global strategies to enhance their competitiveness in world markets. The present section broadly undertakes an overview of the Indian tyre industry through an examination of its growth trends with respect to production, exports and acquisition of technological capabilities. Key Features At present there are 40 listed companies in the tyre sector in India. Major players are MRF, JK Tyres, and Apollo Tyres & CEAT, which account for 63 per cent of the organized tyre market. The other key players include Modi Rubber, Kesoram Industries and Goodyear India, with 11 per cent, 7 per cent and 6 per cent share respectively. Dunlop, Falcon, Tyre Corporation of India Limited (TCIL), TVS-Srichakra, Metro Tyres and Balkrishna Tyres are some of the other significant players in the industry. While the tyre industry is largely dominated by the organized sector, the unorganized sector is predominant with respect to bicycle tyres. The industry is a major consumer of the...
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...IJMBs Vol. 1, Issue 3, septeMBer 2011 I S S N : 2 3 3 0 - 9 5 1 9 (O n l i n e ) | I S S N : 2 2 3 1-2463 ( P r in t) Working Capital Management in Cement Company a Study 1 1 T.Chandrabai, 2Dr.K.Venkata Janardhan Rao Dept. of Mgmt. Studies, Padmasri Dr.B.V.Raju Institute of Tech., Narsapur, Medak, AP, India 2 Dept. of Commerce and Business Management, Kakatiya University, Warangal, AP, India Abstract Working capital is considered to be life-giving force to an economic entity and managing working capital one of the most important functions of corporate management. Working capital management (WCM) is the management of short-term financing requirements of a firm which includes maintaining optimum balance of working capital components – receivables, inventory and payables – and using the cash efficiently for day-to-day operations. The main objectives of this study are to examine and evaluate the working capital management in ACC Limited, examine the management pattern of inventory, liquidity, cash position and receivables management. This also finds the relationship between Working Capital Efficiency and Profitability, Profitability and Market ratios. Keywords Working Capital, Liquidity, Profitability, Market ratios, Inventory I. Introduction Global slowdown that severely affected several countries had its invariable effect on Indian Industrial production as also on other important sectors of Indian Economy. The Cement Industry, which exhibited...
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...under West Bengal State University, Barasat) Title of the Project WORKING CAPITAL MANGEMENT IN MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA.LTD Submitted by Name of the Candidate: TANUMOY ROY Registration No. : 13611131114020870 OF 2011-12 Name of the College: RBC EVENING COLLEGE College Roll No: 21 Supervised by Name of the Supervisor MR RANJIT KUMAR DUTTA Name of the College: RBC EVENING COLLEGE Month & Year of Submission FEB 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank our head of the department (HOD) Mr. Ranjit Kumar Dutta, for giving necessary support during the course. Chapter No. | Particulars | Page No. | 1. | INTRODUCTION | 4-7 | 2. | AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY SCENARIO IN INDIA | 8 | 3. | PRESENTATION OF DATA, ANALYSIS, FINDING | 9-11 | 4. | CONCLUSION,RECOMMENDATION,LIMITATION | 12 | 5. | BIBLOGRAPHY AND REFERANCES | 13 | 6. | SUPERVISER CERTIFICATE | 14 | 7. | STUDENT DECLARATION | 15 | CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1.1CONCEPT OF WORKING CAPITAL The term working capital is used to mean that proportion of working capital of a business which is employed in short Term or current operations. There are two type of working capital: gross and net. Gross working capital is the sum total of all current asset, while net working capital is the difference between current asset and current liabilities. IMPORTANCE OF WORKING CAPITAL * The business can avail the advantages of cash discount facilities offered...
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...Working Capital Management Prepared for Prof. M Shahjahan Mina Department of finance University of dhaka Prepared by Asif Mohammad Bakar (ID # 15065) Fahad Zaman Chowdhury (ID # 21034) Submitted on: 19-8-2013 Letter of Transmittal 19th August, 2013 Prof. M. Shahjahan Mina Department of Finance, University of Dhaka. Subject: Submission of term paper Dear Sir: We, a group of EMBA Program, Department of Finance, have prepared a term paper on “Working Capital Management” as per your guideline. We have prepared this report using financial statements of Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited using data from year 2008 to year 2012. We, therefore, lay our highest level of gratitude to you to consider our limitations and restrictions and grant this report. Sincerely Yours, Fahad Zaman Chowdhury Asif Mohammad Bakar EMBA Program Department Of Finance. University Of Dhaka. Table of Contents Serial No. | Chapter Name | Page No. | 1 | Introduction | 01 | 2 | Company profile | 02 | 3 | Statement of Problem | 03 | 4 | Methodology of Analysis | 04 | 5 | Theoretical Background | 05 | 6 | Working Capital of HEIDELBERG CEMENT BANGLADEHS LTD. | 07 | 7 | Cash Flow | 09 | 8 | Ratio Analysis | 11 | 9 | Cash Conversion Cycle | 13 | 10 | Recommendations of HCBL for better Working Capital Management | 15 | 11 | Conclusion | 16 | 12 | Bibliography | 17 | Executive Summary Working Capital refers to...
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...Working Capital Management FIN/571 Introduction Managing working capital is a critical success factor for all companies no matter the shape and size. This is especially critical for the longevity of a small business operation whose cash conversion cycle and current ratios is key to the success and life of the business. So when Alan Litchman and Laura Trust left the corporate world to buy Finagle-a-Bagel, they were able to take key lessons that they learned in managing working capital (Wiley, 2016). There are four key lessons that need to be understood when managing working capital which includes managing the cash flow of the business, understanding and leveraging your debt options, successful capital investment, and utilizing credit. Cash Flow in Business Many have heard the saying," Cash is King!" In a business, "working capital management involves two fundamental questions: (1) What is the appropriate amount and mix of current assets for the firm to hold? (2) How should these current assets be financed?" (Parrieno, Kidwell, & Bates, 2011, p. 442). Although the video did not discuss in detail those fundamental questions since, the Litchman's simply referred to cash flow as, "red is when you don't have cash flow and black is when you do have cash flow" (Wiley, 2016). Successful strategies include commencing with a reputable bank and to comprehend the model of the business (Wiley, 2016). In addition, a successful business strategy should have current assets to...
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...Two Readings on Working Capital Management Keys To Successful Working Capital Management From the perspective of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), the concept of working capital management is relatively straightforward: to ensure that the organization is able to fund the difference between short-term assets and short-term liabilities. In practice, though, working capital management has become the Achilles' heel of scores of finance organizations, with many CFOs struggling to identify core working capital drivers and the appropriate level of working capital. As a result, companies can be limited in their ability to weather unforeseen or adverse events and ensure that cash is readily available where it is needed, regardless of the circumstances. By understanding the role and drivers of working capital management and taking steps to reach the "right" levels of working capital, companies can minimize risk, effectively prepare for uncertainty and improve overall performance. Factors Influencing Working Capital Performance For most CFOs, the greatest challenge with respect to working capital management is the need to understand and influence factors that are out of their direct control, in order to obtain a complete picture of the company's needs. The CFO's span of control can be limited in terms of functional silos, though corporate finance may well have some powers of influence over operating units. While organizations generally concentrate on the right processes...
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...Two Readings on Working Capital Management Keys To Successful Working Capital Management From the perspective of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), the concept of working capital management is relatively straightforward: to ensure that the organization is able to fund the difference between short-term assets and short-term liabilities. In practice, though, working capital management has become the Achilles' heel of scores of finance organizations, with many CFOs struggling to identify core working capital drivers and the appropriate level of working capital. As a result, companies can be limited in their ability to weather unforeseen or adverse events and ensure that cash is readily available where it is needed, regardless of the circumstances. By understanding the role and drivers of working capital management and taking steps to reach the "right" levels of working capital, companies can minimize risk, effectively prepare for uncertainty and improve overall performance. Factors Influencing Working Capital Performance For most CFOs, the greatest challenge with respect to working capital management is the need to understand and influence factors that are out of their direct control, in order to obtain a complete picture of the company's needs. The CFO's span of control can be limited in terms of functional silos, though corporate finance may well have some powers of influence over operating units. While organizations generally concentrate on the right processes, such as...
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...CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION 1.1 MEANING OF WORKING CAPITAL “Working Capital is the Life-Blood and Controlling Nerve Center of a business” Working capital (abbreviated WC) is a financial metric which represents operating liquidity available to a business, organization or other entity, including governmental entity. Along with fixed assets such as plant and equipment, working capital is considered a part of operating capital. Net working capital is calculated as current assets minus current liabilities. It is a derivation of working capital that is commonly used in valuation techniques such as DCFs (Discounted cash flows). If current assets are less than current liabilities, an entity has a working capital deficiency, also called a working capital deficit. A company can be endowed with assets and profitability but short of liquidity if its assets cannot readily be converted into cash. Positive working capital is required to ensure that a firm is able to continue its operations and that it has sufficient funds to satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses. The management of working capital involves managing inventories, accounts receivable and payable, and cash. Current assets and current liabilities include three accounts which are of special importance. These accounts represent the areas of the business where managers have the most direct impact: Accounts receivable (current asset) Inventory (current assets), Accounts payable (current liability) ...
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...Human Capital Management Plan 2004–2008 United States Copyright Office | Contents 1 Message from the Register of Copyrights Copyrights Copyrights 3 Introduction Human Capital Framework · 3 Framework Our Mission · 4 Copyright Office Strategic Plan Mission, Goals, and Objectives · 5 Business Process Reengineering · 5 Current Organization and Workforce · 5 Reliance Upon Library of Congress Human Resources Services · 6 7 Part 1 · Strategic Alignment 7 Part 2 · Organizational Alignment and Workforce Planning 9 Part 3 · Talent 15 Part 4 · Results-Oriented Performance Culture Performance Culture 17 Part 5 · Leadership and Knowledge Management 19 Performance Measures and Evaluation 19 Appendices a: Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities · 19 b: Implementation Framework · 21 Message from the Register of Copyrights I am pleased to present the Copyright Office Human Capital Management Plan for 2004–2008. This Plan has been developed as a companion to the Office’s Strategic Plan and links our human capital planning to the Office’s strategic policy and management objectives. It emphasizes the importance of human capital management to the successful accomplishment of our mission. In every organization, people are the most valuable resource. This is especially true at the Copyright Office, which is fortunate to have a seasoned, dedicated, and professional workforce that is customer-service oriented. The Office has a unique mission, and I am gratified when I work with...
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...Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) Major: Financial Management COURSE OUTLINE Capital Market Management I. Course Number: FM 6 Credit: 3 units II. Course Title: Capital Market Management Pre-Requisite: FM2, FM4 III. Course Description: This course focuses on Capital Market Theory, its efficiency and implications. It establishes its coherence with the rest of the financial institutions within the financial environment. The course also deals with the relationship of the financial market with the government and how the latter stands a powerful influential tool. The course likewise attempts to develop the analytical ability of the students through various financial case presentations. IV. Course Objectives: At the end of the course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss the concepts of Capital Market Theory. 2. Explain the role of Participants in capital markets 3. Know the legal and regulatory framework affecting the development Capital Markets 4. Analyze the impact and implication of Capital Market in the financial environment. 5. Develop appropriate values like frugality and care in making investment 6. Examine the role of government explain how some economic activities affect the capital market. 7. Evaluate the relevance of Capital Market in today’s business society. V. Course Outline No. of Hours A. Overview of Financial Market 13.5 1. Why...
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...interest between the two roles played by Arthur Andersen, as auditor but also as consultant to Enron; the lack of attention shown by members of the Enron board of directors to the off-books financial entities with which Enron did business; and the lack of truthfulness by management about the health of the company and its business operations. In some ways, the culture of Enron was the primary cause of its failure. Zimbabwean companies can draw a number of lessons from the Enron scandal. The lessons learnt from the Enron scandal have been one of the bases for the development of more robust corporate governance recommendations and legislation in some countries, for example the Sabanese-Oxley Act in the United States. According to Nowroozi (2002), the failures and lessons associated therewith can be classified as follows: Fudiciary failure Enron’s board clearly failed in its fudiciary duties to safeguard the shareholders’ interest in the following ways: * It allowed Enron to engage in high risk accounting * It allowed transactions carrying obvious conflicts of interest * It allowed off-the-book activities to go undisclosed as well as; * Lavish compensation policies The board may have been misled by management and, in some cases, by the Auditor. The board of directors must exercise due care in the...
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