...------------------------------------------------- An analysis of capital structure of NEXT Programme of Study: MSC INVESTMENT Module: International Treasury Management Tutor: Students ID Number: Date: 23/3/2016 Programme of Study: MSC INVESTMENT Module: International Treasury Management Tutor: Students ID Number: Date: 23/3/2016 Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Capital structure 4 2.1. Theories 4 2.2. Types of capital 6 2.3. Sources of capital 7 2.4. Reasons of conducting different capital structure 9 3. Capital Structure of NEXT 11 3.1. Comparative analysis of internal and external financing of NEXT 11 3.2. Comparative analysis of debt capital and equity capital of NEXT 13 3.3. Comparative analysis of current debt and non-current debt of NEXT 15 3.4. Financial performance of NEXT 2013-2015 17 4. Conclusion 19 5. Reference 20 6. Appendixes 22 Appendix I 22 Appendix II 23 Appendix III 25 Appendix IV 27 Appendix V 29 Appendix VI 30 1. Introduction Capital structure of firms is arguably one of its most important choices, as Milken (2009) said “It doesn't matter whether a company is big or small, capital structure matters. It always has and always will”. Most companies pay much attention to their capital structure, NEXT is one of the good representative among those companies. NEXT, founded in 1864, now is the largest apparel corporation in UK, which currently operates more than...
Words: 4344 - Pages: 18
...Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) --A Review of Capital Structure and Internal/External Analysis Introduction Bill Gates and Paul Allen had founded Microsoft in 1975 to develop and sell computer languages and microcomputers in Redmond, Washington State. The company had pioneered in operating system business and had been able to invent new technology and acquiring subsidiaries in order to produce a large range of personal computer solutions. Microsoft is currently reporting a rate of return on book assets of 13.41% last year. IPO of the company started in 1986 and has been trading on NASDAQ. Internal Financial Analysis The capital structure of Microsoft Corporation in the past 5 years have been selected and shown as in Appendix figure 1. With regards to the company’s current financial performance, the debt ratio has been reducing in the past 5 years and currently at 45.28%. That indicate a reducing risk associated with Microsoft’s operation. Compare to its competitor Apple Inc, which have a ratio of 32.86 with a similar rate of reduction, this may also indicating Microsoft have a lower borrowing capacity, which will affect the corporation’s financial flexibility. On the investor’s side, currently the stock price is $28.15, which expected return is at 3.1%. Weighted Average Cost of Capital is 11.49%. WACC considers Debt (taxable), Preferred stock and Common stock (Equity). If Microsoft’s borrowing increases, the lenders would demand a higher rate of interest on the...
Words: 946 - Pages: 4
...Analysis and recommendation on the capital structure of Hill Country Snack Foods Co. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report discusses the current operational and financial strategies of Hill Country Snack Foods Co. and analyses the proposed capital structure for it. Part I of the report reviews the company’s strategies and its latest financial performance. Part II illustrates a detailed valuation of the proposed capital structure. Valuation methods involved includes Dividend Discount Model and Discount Cash Flow valuation (the Hamada approach). It is recommended that the company adopt a 40% debt-to-capital structure to fully use its capital and benefit from the external funding. PART I THE OVERVIEW OF HILL COUNTRY SNACK FOODS CO. Background of Hill Country Snack Foods Co. Hill Country Snack Foods Co. is a middle-size snack food company located in Austin, Texas in the U.S.. The snack food industry is very competitive. The main competitors of Hill Country are industry giant PepsiCo and smaller companies like Synder’s-Lance. The current CEO Howard Keener, who is 62 years old and worked in the company for over 15 years, is approaching retirement. He has a very strong personal influence on the company culture and the way it is operated. He is passionate about maximizing shareholder value, believes in keeping tight control over costs, and is very risk adverse in the operation strategy as well as the financing decisions. Considering his near retirement, many investors think there will...
Words: 2086 - Pages: 9
...Proposal for Research On Capital Structure Determinants of the Pharmaceutical Companies in Bangladesh: A study in Incepta pharmaceutical Company Limited. Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216 Proposal for Research On Capital Structure Determinants of the Pharmaceutical Companies in Bangladesh: A study in Incepta pharmaceutical Company Limited. Prepared for Md. Sawkat Ali Lieutenant Colonel Internship Supervisor Faculty of Business Studies Prepared by |Ronald Halder | |ID – M 0910013 | |M.B.A 10th batch | Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216 September 19, 2010 December 19, 2010 Md. Sawkat Ali Lieutenant Colonel Internship Supervisor Faculty of Business Studies Bangladesh University of Professionals Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216. Dear Sir: Subject: Submission of Proposal for research on “Capital Structure Determinants of the Pharmaceutical Companies in Bangladesh: A study in Incepta pharmaceutical Company Limited”. Here I developed a proposal on “Capital Structure Determinants of the Pharmaceutical Companies in Bangladesh: A study in Incepta pharmaceutical Company Limited”. The proposal will focus on the steps of research through several variables. The main findings of the research will be to find out the determinants of capital structure and find the most vital one through statistical analysis and interpretation. I highly appreciate you for creating such opportunity...
Words: 1914 - Pages: 8
...net/publication/231589896 The Relationship between Capital Structure & Profitability ARTICLE · JUNE 2012 CITATIONS READS 8 3,800 2 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Thirunavukkarasu Velnampy University of Jaffna 57 PUBLICATIONS 131 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Thirunavukkarasu Velnampy Retrieved on: 26 January 2016 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume 12 Issue 13 Version 1.0 Year 2012 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4588 & Print ISSN: 0975-5853 The Relationship between Capital Structure & Profitability By Prof. (Dr). T. Velnampy & J. Aloy Niresh University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Abstract - Capital structure decision is the vital one since the profitability of an enterprise is directly affected by such decision. The successful selection and use of capital is one of the key elements of the firms’ financial strategy. Hence, proper care and attention need to be given while determining capital structure decision. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between capital structure and profitability of ten listed Srilankan banks over the past 8 year period from 2002 to 2009.The data has been analyzed by using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to find out the association between the variables. Results of the analysis show that there is a negative association between capital structure and profitability except the association...
Words: 4978 - Pages: 20
...Factors Influencing Corporate Capital Structure in Three Asian Countries: Evidence from Japan, Malaysia and Pakistan Muhammad Mahmud and Gobind M. Herani and A.W. Rajar and Wahid Farooqi KASBIT, KABIT, Sindh University, Indus Institute of Higher Education 20. April 2009 Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15003/ MPRA Paper No. 15003, posted 4. May 2009 07:34 UTC Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 3(1):9-17 (Spring 2009) http://indus.edu.pk/journal.php Economic Factors Influencing Corporate Capital Structure in Three Asian Countries: Evidence from Japan, Malaysia and Pakistan Muhammad Mahmud*, Gobind M. Herani** A. W. Rajar*** and Wahid Farooqi**** ABSTRACT This study is an attempt to determine the factors that influence a firm’s choice of capital structure in three Asian countries: Japan, Malaysia and Pakistan. The specific objective is to investigate if country’s economic factors play a significant role in determining capital structure between markets. These countries are chosen in order to represent three different stages of economic development. Literature review reveals that considerable research has been made in the industrialized countries on the similar topic. Capital structure is one of the most complex areas of strategic financial decision making due to its interrelationship with macroeconomic variables. This study reveals that per capita GNP growth for Japan and Malaysia is significantly related to capital structure of firm and higher economic...
Words: 4126 - Pages: 17
...examine capital-structure theory, issues, and debates, while showing how capital-structure choices affect a firm’s return on investment (ROI) and its risk profile. Directions Your Assignment is to select a publicly-held company and to analyze its capital structure, applying the theories and principles found in Chapter 15 of the text. The structure of your research paper should include: • A preview of capital structure issues • Business and financial risks related to capital structure • Modigliani and Miller’s [MM] capital-structure theory • Criticisms of the MM model and assumptions • Capital structure evidence and implications • Estimating the firm’s optimal capital structure A firm’s optimal capital-structure is that mix of debt and equity that maximizes the stock price. At any point in time, management has a specific target capital structure in mind, presumably the optimal one, though this target may change over time. For example, financial management may choose a 50% equity financing [stock] and 50% debt [bond] financing. Several factors influence a firms’ capital structure, including: • Business risk • Tax position • The need for financial flexibility • Managerial conservativeness • Growth opportunities Business risk is the riskiness inherent in the firm’s operations if it uses no debt. This report is intended to be a capital structure analysis of your selected public company. Your paper is intended to be an executive summary of your analysis, and is...
Words: 637 - Pages: 3
...Bringham (2003), the value of a business based on the going concern expectation is the present value of all the expected future cash flows to be generated by the assets, discounted at the company’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC). From this it can be seen that the WACC has a direct impact on the value of a business. (Johannes and Dhanraj, 2007). The choice between debt and equity aims to find the right capital structure that will maximize stockholder wealth. Debt policy and equity ownership structure “matter” and the way in which they matter differs between firms with many and firms with few positive net present value project (McConnel and Servaes, 1995). Leland and Pyle (1977) propose that managers will take debt equity ratio as a signal, by the fact that high leverage implies higher bankruptcy risk (and costs) for low quality firms. Since managers always have information advantage over the outsiders, the debt structure may be considered as a signal to the market. Ross’s (1977) model suggests that the values of firms will rise with leverage, since increasing the market’s perception of value. Under some conditions capital structure does not affect the value of the firm. Splitting a fund into some mix of shares relating to debt, dividend and capital directly adds value to the company (Gemmille, 2001).Firms has increased their level of debt relative to their profit. As a result, firm debt in general has risen substantially. They found that those firms having lower debt...
Words: 4881 - Pages: 20
...Vol. 2 No. 19 [Special Issue - October 2011] Perceived Relationship between Corporate Capital Structure and Firm Value in Nigeria Semiu Babatunde ADEYEMI Department of Accounting University of Lagos Lagos, Nigeria Collins Sankay OBOH Department of Accounting University of Lagos Lagos, Nigeria Abstract This study examined the empirical effects of corporate capital structure (financial leverage) on the market value of a selection of firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Both primary and secondary data were obtained for analysis employing both descriptive and inferential statistics for analysis. A sample size of 150 respondents and 90 firms were selected for both primary data and secondary data respectively. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the primary data, while Chi-Square was used to draw inference of perceived relationship between capital structure and firm value. The results of the study suggested that a positively significant relationship exists between a firm’s choice of capital structure and its market value in Nigeria. The study suggested that listed firms in Nigeria should strategically plan and manage their capital structure in order to maximize their market values. Keywords: Capital structure, market value, Nigeria, debt, equity. 1. Introduction 1.1 Background to the Study After the Modigliani-Miller (1958 and 1963) paradigms on firms’ capital structure and their market values, there have been considerable debates, both in theoretical and empirical...
Words: 7951 - Pages: 32
...Project Evaluation Corporate Finance 2013-2014 The 14 essays convey many interesting ideas. I am very impressed by some analysis which gives very technical and detailed description. These works have shown that you have great potential to go further, either to a comprehensive report for practical consultancy or to deepen the knowledge for academic research. However, there are some problems that I must mention for your future work. • Lack of theoretical foundations: Some reports just filled the paper with lots of facts, figures and data. The question follows is often “and so what?” The report will be more scientific based if you provide some explanations linking to the theories and interpretations we learned in the class. Present your shining points first: Many reports just give the introduction as a general description of the background of the selected companies. However, a more important part expected in these reports is your research questions and key points of analysis. If you don’t highlight the shining points from the beginning, you make your report less worthy of further reading. Coordination problem: I found some reports give strongly contradict results. I understand that you just share the task among the team members. But at least you must have something complete and logically right. Avoid using abbreviations for words that are less frequently used (eg. ADS, ROI, OTC…). If you insist to use, please write the full words for the first time you employ them. Reference of...
Words: 3815 - Pages: 16
...SHAREHOLDER STRUCTURES AND VALUE CREATION Summary : This paper analyzes the interaction between shareholder structures and the quality of the corporate governance structure in France using the value creation criterion. Using shareholder structures allows analyzing the performance of French firms and to measure an underperformance of “hard core” and diffuse ownership firms. This paper, updating results from Harbula (2004), also investigates the relationship between performance and shareholder stakes. Keywords: Corporate governance, value creation (EVA, CFROI), enterprise performance, shareholder structures. Classification JEL: G32, G34 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1925045 Péter HARBULA: Corporate governance, shareholder structures and value creation 1. INTRODUCTION The objective of this working paper is to determine whether “hard core” governed firms truly underperform their peers. The main cornerstone of the analysis will be again to introduce the concept of shareholder structures. During the analysis, the common tools developed by corporate finance practitioners were used including, among others, value creation and return to shareholders. By performing this analysis, even if it is not the central point, the underlying question of ownership structure and efficiency will also be considered. I will also include in the analysis, beside the performance measurement tools, an analysis if the evolution of the beta factor from the Capital Asset...
Words: 15126 - Pages: 61
...Impacts of Profitability and Financial Leverage on Firm’s Capital Structure By [Your Name] [Instructor’s Name] [Institution’s Name] [Date] Declaration While conducting the proposed research work, I, being a hard-working, innovative and conscientious researcher, come up with the factual severity of consequences allied with an act of plagiarising content from others’ work. Moreover, I do comprehend the rules and regulations my university encompasses against submitting a plagiarised document. Adhering to all these strict and restricted rules and regulations against plagiarism, I have made all possible endeavours to keep my research report under the level of allowed percentage of plagiarism. Before presenting my research report to my esteemed research guiders and professors, I, hereby declare the authenticity and uniqueness of the presented dissertation, which is, by all means, an innovative piece of writing and is an outcome of hypothetically and logically researched facts and figures allied with the project subject matter which I meticulously researched during my investigative course project. Although, this dissertation is an original piece of research but still, there are some ideas, concepts and theories that are being taken and inspired from previously presented works in this particular domain for endowing my researched topic with a literal and theoretical support as well as for influencing the analyzed outcomes of the proposed research-based exposition...
Words: 9938 - Pages: 40
...BACKGROUND In 1981, AHP had reached sales of more than $4 billion by producing 1,500 marketed brands in 4 different kind of business; prescription drugs, packaged drugs, food products, and housewares and households products. Moreover, AHP is known to be the largest and profitable business in prescription of drugs; however, the company has a sizable market share in antihypertensive, tranquilizers, and oral contraceptives. The company has almost debt- free balance sheet and growing cash reserves (40% of net worth in 1981). AHP was able to gain this huge success in these lines was by marketing expertise. CULTURE OF THE BUSINESS AHP's corporate culture distinctive and this culture had several components. First, the company's culture was known to be reticence. A second element, that the managerial philosophy of AHP was prudence and had a strict financial control. For example, all expenditures that are greater than $500 had to be personally approved by Mr. Laporte, who was the CEO of AHP, even if was authorized in the corporate budget. Another important component of AHP's culture was conservatism and risk aversion. Finally, The Company has a long- standing policy of centralizing, where the chief executive had complete authority. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AHP's managerial philosophy was proven to be successful as it produced impressive results. AHP's financial performance was stable with consistent growth and profitability. In the year 1981, the firm was able to increase sales, earnings...
Words: 2139 - Pages: 9
...* Contents 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Analysis Model 3 3. Company Overview 3 4. Industry Outlook 3 5. Company Evaluation 4 Free Cash Flow Estimation 4 Cost of Equity, Cost of Debt, WACC Calculation 5 Discounted Cash Flows and Company Evaluation 5 6. Sensitivity Analysis 6 7. Final Recommendations 6 8. Appendix 7 Appendix 1: Historical Free Cash Flow Analysis 7 Appendix 2: Historical Free Cash Flow Analysis 8 Appendix 3: Growth Estimations 9 Appendix 4: 2012 Operating Expense Growth Estimation 10 Appendix 5: Income Taxes 11 Appendix 6 11 Working Capital, Depreciation and Amortization, Capital Expenditure Estimation 11 Appendix 6 Part II: Estimations Summary 12 Appendix 7: Free Cash Flow Estimation Analysis (in mln. €) 13 Appendix 8: WACC Calculation 14 Appendix 9: Equity Evaluation 16 Appendix 10: Sensitivity Analysis 17 9. References 18 Executive Summary This report discusses the possible profitability of investment in shares of the Allianz Group SE. Our analysis, based on discounted cash flows and weighted average cost of capital, suggests that under the assumption of stable economic growth, no drastic escalation of the European sovereign debt crisis and industry shocks due to natural disaster like the hurricane Sandy, the current share price of the company is currently below its estimated value and thus a promising investment opportunity. If the company manages to keep its stable growth in the last quarter of the year...
Words: 3580 - Pages: 15
...(Weighted average cost of capital) The target capital structure for QM Industries is 45% common stock, 6% preferred stock, and 49% debt. If the cost of common equity for the firm is 17.9%, the cost of preferred stock is 10.6%, the before-tax cost of debt is 8.9%, and the firm’s tax rate is 35%, what is QM’s weighted average cost of capital? QM’s WAAC is _%? 2).(Weighted average cost of capital)Crypton Electronics has a capital structure consisting of 45% common stock and 55% debt. A debt issue of $1,000 par value, 6.1% bonds that mature in 15 years and pay annual interest will sell for $980. Common stock of the firm is currently selling for $29.76 per share and the firm expects to pay a $2.29 dividend next year. Dividends have grown at the rate of 5.3% per year and are expected to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. What is Crypton’s cost of capital where the firm’s tax rate is 30%? Crypton’s cost of capital is _%? 3). (Weighted average cost of capital)The target capital structure for Jowers Manufacturing is 51% common stick, 18% preferred stock, and 31% debt. If the cost of common equity for the firm is 19.3%, the cost of preferred stock is 12.9% and before-tax cost of debt is 10.4%, what is Jowers’ cost of capital? The firm’s tax rate is 34% Jowers’ WACC is _% 4).(Weighted average cost of capital) As a member of the finance Department of Ranch Manufacturing, your supervisor has asked you to compute the appropriate discount rate to use when evaluating the purchase...
Words: 1055 - Pages: 5