...Responsibility Report 2013 62 Taking a scientific approach to sustainability The sourcing of raw materials and the complex, energyintensive chemical processes involved in transforming them into our products accounts for around half of our value chain carbon footprint. Over the last five years, we have been using innovative technology to reduce environmental impacts associated with manufacturing active pharmaceutical ingredients – the substances in our drugs that treat or prevent illness. Following trials in Jurong, Singapore, teams at the eight facilities where we produce active ingredients are implementing holistic improvement plans which are bringing significant environmental benefits and cost reductions. Infrastructure investments included installing a biogas plant at Irvine, UK, a combined heat and power facility in Worthing, UK, and a photo oxidation system for waste treatment in Singapore. Our site in Cork, Ireland, where we are now bio-treating waste and recovering the energy produced, achieved zero waste to landfill for the third year running in 2013, and has cut water use by 57% and carbon emissions by 41% since 2008. in the world). This innovative process will significantly cut our carbon emissions by reducing cooling requirements, as well as producing less organic waste. Many of the improvements we are making take time to We are also making changes implement. But across all to the chemical processes eight sites, we have already ...
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...of human activity. That is why the term of sustainability was emerged. Carbon footprint and water footprint are special tools to measure the effects on the environment. It is better to have a look to definition of sustainability ; sustainability means use natural recourses by considering future generations demand for natural recourse. In this report, water footprint and carbon footprint are calculated for SMART building. Smart building is new building which was constructed for researchers to study in it and have special smart controller to control the consumption resources in order to optimize energy usage. This report is divided in two parts, carbon footprint calculations and water footprint calculation for major materials and recourses. Methodology and assumption This report is included some calculations based on assumption .Also some information about SMART building has been acquired from the builder. Complementary data, namely embodied factors has been obtained from recent reports and government website. The methodology has been applied in this report is based on analysing carbon foot print and water footprint in two main concept. First, embodied energy of materials has been used during the construction and then estimated energy consumption during operational time of SMART building. The building life is assumed to be 50 years. Carbon footprint of the SMART building In this...
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...beyond today’s mainstream computer systems. While APUs seek to deliver a superior, immersive PC experience, they also can provide tangible environmental benefits. By eliminating a chip to chip link and by introducing new holistic power management techniques, the APUs are designed to be more power efficient than current generation platforms that have both computational and graphical capabilities. This paper compares the environmental impact of one of AMD’s first APU products against an equivalent computer platform powered by the current generation of AMD processors (CPUs and GPUs). By conducting a business to consumer (B2C) lifecycle assessment, this study compares the total lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (also known as a “carbon footprint”) of an APU system (based on the 18W dual-core processor codenamed “Zacate” and the M1 chipset codenamed “Hudson”) with the latest AMD system codenamed “Nile” (which is based on an AMD Athlon™ Neo II Dual Core processor, SB820 Southbridge, RS880M Northbridge with an ATI Mobility Radeon™ HD 5430 discrete graphics card). This study concludes that the APU system offers significant GHG benefits (up to a 40% emissions reduction) when compared with the Nile platform. Introduction Climate change has become perhaps the most important environmental issue of our time. Policymakers, businesses, and consumers alike have made this issue a central focus. In light of the environmental threat and the emerging GHG...
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...immune systems, pregnant women), animals, plants and more. These externalities are living beings who have no role in decision making, production or involvement with the business procedures of AT&T. Some, humans, however, may use the services of AT&T. Problems AT&T creates through its business practices affect humans, however, whether they work for AT&T or not. AT&T has set a sustainability program in motion designed to stop or seriously diminish activities that burn fossil fuel. The company is leveraging its massive size believing that it can reduce negative environmental impacts by using network-delivered application and services. In other words, the plan is to replace activities that have a high environmental impact with low-carbon activities and thus reduce harm to countless living systems who are affected by the toxins in the air and the growing greenhouse effect that is contributing to climate change that affects everyone and everything. This is being done by new programs and systems being introduced into the company nationwide. Examples: 1. Relying more on telecommuting so rather than employees traveling to a once centralized information resource, the company building, employees, using broadband connections and collaborative software, can work from anywhere I believe the assumption is that they would work from home. AT&T says that more is saved because the workplace can reduce office space and heating, cooling and lighting needs which also reduces emission...
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...There are sererval areas in which Human Resouce Manger can change internally with their employess to help reduce their carbon foot print and go green. Many employers recognize that green policies are great incentives that promots social responsibilty among workers and helps them retain top talent. HR is key in the development of organizational culture as they are often the first in contact with new recruits and maintain contact with personnel across all departments. With green policies that are conveyed to employees through human resorce mangers, will mold the company as a whole starting with the employees. By getting all deparments on board with the new green policies, shifts the company on a green path. Our company has developed green programs to instruct the HR departmet of Dpi to increase their green output and reduce their carbon footprint: • Using the internet or teleconferencing to cut down on business travel • Putting Summary Plan Descriptions (SPDs) or other company information online to reduce printing • Promoting the reduction of paper usage • Storing paperwork electronically? • Providing recycling trash bins for paper around the office and for bottles and cans in the break area • Implementing wellness programs around proper nutrition, fitness, and healthy living • Offering opportunities for employees to telecommute or work from home • Instituting Ride/Share programs These new programs will help strengthen the company and help Dpi live up to its new...
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...accurate response is what you would most likely receive. It is human nature to want to satisfy our gluttonous apatite for more; whether it is valuable resources, new technology, or simply having a bigger house than your neighbor we Americans would do anything to achieve this excessive lifestyle. However, a problem arises when one realizes the fact that we are living in a world of unlimited wants but also chasing a scarce amount of goods. Can everyone live like we Americans do? Can the earth handle a cumulative carbon footprint as big as the one that I leave behind everyday? These are the questions that others should ask themselves because the impact we leave behind is greater than you would think. After keeping a detailed log of my weekly activities I have come to realize that not every action of mine has a negative impact on the earth. Throughout this past week I have narrowed my focus to three main behaviors that I think are crucial factors in determining my carbon footprint: waste production, food consumption, and means of transportation. Given my current living environment on campus paired with being a full-time student here at the university I thought these three daily activities would give me the most accurate results. In regards to my waste production I realized that I recycle a lot when I am in a university building but when I get home I do not recycle at all. I believe the reason for this is accessibility; there are recycling bins everywhere you look in the Pappajohn Business...
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...e. all operations across the activity chain/value chain, which impact the business in either one or all the three dimensions. Carbon impact is not limited within the boundaries of owned operations but in the total activity and value chain, - vendors and consumers. Utilizing life cycle assessment approach can be a useful way to understand the full impacts across the activity/ value chain. On knowing, where the main impacts are, organisation can influence that part of the value chain by working with relevant vendors or consumers for promoting its quest for sustainable development. ONGC‟s new corporate vision emphasizes the organizational growth through sustainable development, in keeping with the organizational mission of attaining carbon neutrality. Accordingly, ONGC will need to have a holistic organizational practice to reduce carbon footprint. This is a background note of the way to engage our vendors towards our object of sustainable development. Definition: “Greening the Vendor Chain” refers to buyer or recipient companies requiring a certain level of environmental responsibility in core business practices of the suppliers and vendors providing materials / services. This will essentially mean the practices and processes in partnering with, or influencing the suppliers and contractors to reduce their carbon foot print. Many businesses have internal standards, policies, and/or environmental management systems that govern their...
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...Carbon Footprint versus Ecological Footprint The term carbon footprint refers to the whole set of green house gases or emissions caused by an event, an organization, a person, or even a person. However, this definition requires a vast amount of data which takes forever to collect. As a result, this renders it impracticable, and experts have to look for a definition they can be able to work with. The most accepted definition of the carbon footprint defines the term as the entirety of the amount of methane and carbon dioxide gases produced by a defined population, activity or system, putting into consideration all the sinks, storage and sources within the temporal and spatial boundaries of either the population, activity or system. Greenhouse gases, which are made up of mostly carbon dioxide and methane gas can be emitted during activities such as land clearance, transport using means which use fossil fuels as a source of energy, production and subsequent of fuels, foods, manufactured goods, material, and building roads and buildings. The carbon blue print of a nation, an individual or that of an organization can be determined by undertaking an assessment of greenhouse gas emission. Once the footprint’s size is known, measures can be used to try and reduce it. Some of the measures taken by individuals, nations and organization to reduce their carbon footprint include carbon offsetting, technological improvements, and better product and process management. The ecological footprint...
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...Personal Carbon Foot printing Exercise Introduction In order to measure me annual emissions and take initiatives to be more environmental friendly, I define the calculation on my personal boundary and took the calculation on the website: http://www.isa.org.usyd.edu.au/ According to the ISA carbon footprint calculator, my total annual emissions are 4.5t of CO2-e (see the detailed data attached behind the report). To evaluate the reliability of the calculation, I did similar test carried out by other organizations and had some interesting finds. In the following pages I will discuss the methodology issues, analysis of emission sources, sources of uncertainty, probable improvement and initiatives to undertake in the future. Carbon Footprint & Methodology I took the footprint calculator on the website: http://www.isa.org.usyd.edu.au/, the calculated items are divided into 5 categories (food, housing, mobility, goods and services) and are measured in annual dollar amount. It is quiet easy for users to input estimated annual consumption of the measured items in dollars and calculate their personal annual emissions instead of evaluating their monthly or annual usage of each item in amount. I think the calculating methodology is to correlate the dollar amount with average emissions generated from the item (average kg of CO2 per dollar) and multiply the annual consumption by the factor. Discussion of Activities & Appropriate classification or sources of emissions To classify...
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...Assignment I Carbon and Water Footprint Report Sustainable Buildings Research Centre at the University of Wollongong Name | UOW ID | Kazi Swad Abdullah | 5220683 | Sherin John | 4806670 | Samir Bastola | 4739218 | Sanju Kunjammattil Babu | 4873622 | table of contents 1. Executive Summary………………………………………………………………….…3 2. Introduction………………………………………………………....................................3 3. Description of Problem…………………………………………………………...……3 4. Method - Carbon Footprint.…………………….…...…............…........…….…………..4 5. Method - Water Footprint………...………………….................….……......…………...4 6. Assumptions…………………..………….............…..........……………………………..5 7. Limits………………………………………………………………………..…………5 8. Results - Carbon Footprint………...………………............………........……………..…6 9. Results - Water Footprint………………………………………………………………6 10. Discussion of Footprint Indicators………………...………...………………………….7 11. Comparison of Footprint Indicators……………………………………………….…...7 12. Conclusion & Recommendations………………………………………………………8 13. References…………………………………………………………....................……….9 14. Appendices.......................................................................................................….........................10 Executive Summary The ecological footprint of the SBRC building at the University of Wollongong was investigated; this includes investigating the water and the carbon footprint of the building...
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...Name Tutor Course Date Ecological footprint Introduction The planet Earth is the only planet that supports and sustains human life. The human activities carried out on the planet are gradually making the planet unfavorable to live on (Perman 81). Ecology involves the study of relationships between living organisms and their usual natural environment. This paper will define ecological footprint, present a deep understanding of the ecological footprint and show how it applies in measuring the peoples’ effects to the environment. The paper will also explain how the ecological footprint can be used in making choices that go in line with people’s lifestyles. The principles of ecological footprint date back to literatures related to geography, ecology and economics. However, the idea of the earth’s ecological footprint has been present since early 90’s (Wackernagel 35). William Rees in 1992 produced the first academic publication on ecological footprint. The concept of ecological footprint and calculation criteria was later developed by Mathis Wackernagel as a PhD dissertation under the supervision of Rees at British Columbia University in Vancouver. Originally, the concept was called the appropriated carrying capacity. Rees later came up with the ecological footprint term in order to ensure that the concept is accessible. The ecological footprint in the planet has transpired as the earth’s vital gauge of the individual’s demand on the environment and the...
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...Special report│Carbon management Towards a carbon footprint sustainable supply chain As the planet is heats up, so do mandates for manufacturers to reduce their carbon emissions. While manufacturers have been doing their bit in their manufacturing units, their carbon efficient initiatives has ceased to become a mere CSR activity, a movement, or a political leaning. It has transformed into business and economic viability. Today, manufacturers are pushed out of their production silos to consider the entire supply chain and look for new opportunities to erase the carbon footprints effectively – from sourcing to production, to distribution and product afterlife. The need today is for manufacturers to integrate an effective carbon reduction strategy into supply chain to reduce footprint, enhance their corporate image and reap the cost advantage. Attempting to please the ecological police with environmental initiatives and stakeholders with improved savings upon energy consumption, manufacturing companies have come a long way in their energy efficient initiatives. They have come out of their manufacturing facilities’ silos and have started to take an integrated view of their supply chains to erase the most villainous presence of the ‘carbon footprints’. Although manufacturing companies traditionally limited their supply chain optimisation vision to minimising costs to partners in the supply chain and maximising service to the customers, the current scenario is quickly moving...
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...Global Warming, Carbon Footprint, and Solutions The state of Florida is considered a peninsula. Three-fourths of the state is surrounded by water. It has over a thousand miles of coastal land at sea level. Now, imagine global warming melting the polar ice caps. It is estimated that the sea level would rise by an average of 6 feet world wide. This would essentially wipe out the coastal cities of Florida such as Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Pensacola, Tampa Bay, etc. Global warming has become a world-wide issue. It affects all of humanity and is becoming the forefront concern in many nations. What action we take now will have either a positive or negative effect. How can man help avert this catastrophe? By taking action now. The first part to taking action is to figure out what your “carbon footprint” is. Carbon footprint, as defined in Wikipedia.com, “is a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted through the combustion of fossil fuels”. Organizations and businesses have a carbon footprint due to the process of everyday operations. For the fellow man or his or her household, it is a part of their daily lifestyle2. Daily lifestyle means that natural resources are consumed in the support of the family. As these natural resources are consumed they are directly proportional to the carbon dioxide expressed from the fossil fuels which are used in the processing of the natural resources for human usage. There are many Internet sites that have...
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...The term ‘carbon footprint’ has become tremendously popular over the last few years and is now in widespread use across the media. With climate change high up on the political and corporate agenda, carbon footprint calculations are in strong demand. Numerous approaches have been proposed to provide estimates, ranging from basic online calculators to sophisticated life-cycle analysis or input-output-based methods and tools. Despite its ubiquitous use however, there is an apparent lack of academic definitions of what exactly a ‘carbon footprint’ is meant to be. The scientific literature is surprisingly void of clarifications, despite the fact that countless studies in energy and ecological economics that could have claimed to measure a ‘carbon footprint’ have been published over decades. This report explores the apparent discrepancy between public and academic use of the term ‘carbon footprint’ and suggests a scientific definition based on commonly accepted accounting principles and modelling approaches. It addresses methodological question such as system boundaries, completeness, comprehensiveness, units and robustness of the indicator. >>> Processes causing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions benefit humans by providing consumer goods and services. This benefit, and hence the responsibility for emissions, varies by purpose or consumption category and is unevenly distributed across and within countries. We quantify greenhouse gas emissions associated with the final consumption...
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...CARBON FOOTPRINTS OF STUDENTS OF SCMS-UG, PUNE Name : Amogh Koranmath Class : TY -C PRN No: 11020621035 INTRODUCTION What is Carbon Footprint A carbon footprint is defined as the total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2). In other words: When you drive a car, the engine burns fuel which creates a certain amount of CO2, depending on its fuel consumption and the driving distance. (CO2 is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide). When you heat your house with oil, gas or coal, then you also generate CO2. Even if you heat your house with electricity, the generation of the electrical power may also have emitted a certain amount of CO2. When you buy food and goods, the production of the food and goods also emitted some quantities of CO2. Your carbon footprint is the sum of all emissions of CO2 (carbon dioxide), which were induced by your activities in a given time frame. Usually a carbon footprint is calculated for the time period of a year. A carbon footprint has historically been defined by Championne as "the total sets of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an organization, event, product or person. Greenhouse gases can be emitted through transport, land clearance, and the production and consumption of food, fuels, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings, and services. For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms...
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