...Cardiovascular Disorders M C Jones Pathopharmacology NURS 3015 Section 4 July 22, 2012 Medical history Mrs K. was admitted to the telemetry unit following a cardiac catheterization and stenting of her right coronary artery (RCA). Labs and EKG preformed in the ER demonstrated elevated cardiac enzymes and troponin levels as well as EKG changes revealing the patient was experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Upon admission to the telemetry unit her personal health intake reveals that she is overweight with irregular eating habits and blames her weight and lack of exercise on the length of her daily commute. Mrs. K’s admitting physician reveals that she is a newly diagnosed diabetic and is prescribing medications for diabetes, elevated cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and coronary artery disease (CAD), and a medication to prevent blood clot formation. Rationale and contraindications of newly prescribed medications There are six new medications being prescribed to Mrs K. They are Metformin, Atorvastatin, Clopidogrel, Aspirin, Metoprolol and Enalapril. During this admission Mrs K has received a new diagnosis of Type II diabetes. This is a form of diabetes that can be managed with diet, exercise, insulin, and/or oral medications. Mrs K is being prescribed Metformin an oral medication used for management of type II diabetes. Metformin is in a class of medications called biguanides (Karch, 2013). It is formulated to assist in controlling the amount of...
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...University of Phoenix Material Effects of Disease on the Health Care Industry: Cardiovascular Health Complete the table below for 2 diseases that you have chosen that affects cardiovascular health. In each box, you are required to list 3-5 bulleted statements regarding the heading of that box. Cite your sources using APA format. This section is due in Week Three. Chosen Cardiovascular Disease or Disorder | Treatment Modalities | Cultural Beliefs/Practices Affecting this Disease | Epidemiological Statistics | Available Consumer Resources(ex. financing, information, support) | Impact on Society | Heart failure | * Getting to and staying at a healthy weight * Eating a Heart-Healthy Diet * avoiding secondhand smoke. | * Heart failure is not for strong men * Heart failure only affect older people * Heart failure is for the weak(myth) | * More than 5.8 million adults in the USA are living with heart failure * Heart failure affects more men than women, and its prevalence greatly increases with advancing age * Heat failure increased from 90 to 121 per 1,000 between 1994 and 2003 | * Cdc.gov * American heart association * | * Heart failure generates high medical resource consumption. * Heart Failure affects 6-10% of people over the age of 65 * Individual with heart failure are likely not to see their loved ones | *coronary artery diseases | * Quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand...
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...Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease By: Fawn R. Stephen-Odle June 2012 Cardiovascular disease is caused by disorders of the heart and blood vessels, and includes coronary heart disease (heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), raised blood pressure (hypertension), peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, and heart failure. The major causes of cardiovascular disease are tobacco use, physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet and harmful use of alcohol. Unfortunately, there are four non-modifiable risk factors that contribute to CVD (cardiovascular disease). Race and Ethnicity: Race and ethnicity have quite a bit to do with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Studies show that African Americans have a higher risk for Cardiovascular Disease because of higher blood pressure levels, overweight and obesity, compared to Caucasians. Higher blood pressure levels are among the highest in African Americans in the world. Mexican Americans and Native Americans are also at higher risk for heart disease because of higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and smoking. Studies also show that about 77% of African American women, 72% of Mexican American women, and 61% of Native American women are overweight or obese, compared to 57% of Caucasian women. Taking precautions such as eating a proper diet, exercise, lessen use of alcohol, and quitting smoking can reduce a person’s chances of contracting Cardiovascular Disease. All races and...
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...unstructured interviews and observation. After completing an assessment, the clinician has an understanding of the individual’s symptoms, circumstances surrounding those symptoms as well as decides if and how to treat the individual. During an assessment, the clinician makes sure to highlight the abilities of the individual so that they can be compared to his abilities during and after treatment. This helps the clinician later on see the effects of the treatment and be able to change it if necessary. Only after an assessment, can the clinician make a clinical diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis is the way the person’s symptoms and signs learned in the assessment are organized and classified based on the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM is a standard guide to diagnose abnormal behaviors by providing criteria for each abnormal behavior listed. A clinician will gather all the information gained during an assessment and will organize it and see if it fits the criteria of any of the abnormal behaviors listed in the DSM. After a clinician diagnoses, the patient’s insurance will then cover their treatment (Butcher, Mineka & Hooley, 2013 p. 104). If a person experiencing low appetite and fatigue seeks help from a clinician, the clinician will first conduct and assessment to find out all the symptoms of the client. If the clinician finds that the person is depressed with no major depressive event as well as has low...
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...The Future of Cardiovascular Diagnostics THE MARKET, TRENDS & FUTURE DIRECTIONS Extracted on: 20 Apr 2011 Reference Code: BI00021-008 Publication Date: 02 Mar 2010 Publisher: Datamonitor © Datamonitor This content is a licensed product, no part of this publication shall be reproduced, sold, modified or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Datamonitor. The information in this document has been extracted from published research by a registered user of the Datamonitor360 platform. Datamonitor shall not be responsible for any loss of original context and for any changes made to information following its extraction. All information was current at the time of extraction although the original content may have been subsequently updated. Please refer back to the website http://360.datamonitor.com/ to view the most recent content and the original source of the information. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law we exclude all representations, warranties and conditions relating to the facts of all publications. At time of publication no guarantee of accuracy or suitability, whether express or implied, shall attach to this publication (including, without limitation, any warranties implied by law of satisfactory quality, fitness for purpose and/or the use of reasonable care and skill). Please note that the findings, conclusions and recommendations...
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...Cardiovascular fitness shows how the heart and lungs supply oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for movement. The ability to deliver oxygen to the muscles is affected by many physiological parameters, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and maximal oxygen consumption. Cardiovascular conditioning utilizes and transports the necessary oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. In order for the body to deliver adequate oxygenated blood and nutrients to the muscles, the body has to be well conditioned. By the body being well conditioned it improves the muscles capacity to use extra oxygen. Cardiovascular training is the most important style of training both for general health and for overall athletic performance. Cardiovascular Benefits of Conditioning The circulatory system is one of the major systems which is effected by cardiovascular conditioning. Your circulatory system consists of your heart, blood vessels and blood, and is responsible for transporting life-giving oxygen throughout your body. When you exercise, your body's need for oxygen increases; the harder you work out, the more oxygen your body demands. To ensure that sufficient oxygen is available for your muscles during activity, your body makes short- and long-term changes. The heart becomes strong and is able to use energy more efficiently with proper exercise. Blood pressure becomes lower as the heart muscle does not have to work...
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...Cardiovascular Disease HCA 240 8/18/13 Cardiovascular Disease affects all aspects of Heart function, from the arteries that supply it with blood to the valves, to the heart muscle itself. It is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the world and it causes about half of the deaths today. Starting with a heart attack or sudden death of Congestive heart failure. Strokes are also very common symptom of Cardiovascular Disease and a final one is called intermittent claudication which is a disease to the leg blood vessels that may lead to an amputation of the legs if its severe. Causes of Cardiovascular Disease can refer to many different types of heart or blood vessel problems, the term is often used to mean damage caused to your heart or blood vessels by atherosclerosis a buildup of fatty plaques in your arteries. This is a disease that affects your arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body. Healthy arteries are flexible and strong. Overtime too much pressure in your arteries can make the walls thick and stiff, sometimes restricting blood flow to your organs and tissues. This process is called hardening of the arteries. Atherosclerosis is the most common form of this disorder. Atherosclerosis is also the most common cause of cardiovascular disease, and it’s often caused by an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, being overweight, and smoking. All of these are major risk factors for developing atherosclerosis...
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...“Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one group of conditions causing death globally. An estimated 17.5 million people died from CVDs in 2005, representing 30% of all global deaths. Over 80% of CVD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries” (Shah, 2014). What is cardiovascular disease? A group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), raised blood pressure (hypertension), peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease and heart failure (WHO, 2014). What are the major causes of CVD’s? Causes of cardiovascular disease include are tobacco use, physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet and harmful use of alcohol (WHO, 2014). Cardiovascular diseases account for most non-communicable disease deaths, or 17.5 million people annually, followed by cancers (8.2 million), respiratory diseases (4 million), and diabetes (1.5 million) (WHO, 2015). Looking at these numbers cardiovascular disease deaths are over double in the millions more then the second leading cause of non-communicable disease deaths (Cancer at 8.2 million). Health care delivery systems can work collaboratively to address global health concerns, specifically cardiovascular diseases by educating on risk factors, and controllable factors that with modification can decrease the risk. Being this is the number one group of conditions causing death globally, it seems it should be get a high level of attention...
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...Evaluate the importance of regular exercise in maintaining a healthy body and mind; to what extent should the state play a role in ensuring that its citizens exercise regularly? Refer to at least two countries in your answer. Abstract Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in physical activity and fitness around the world. This essay will focus on the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It is obvious that exercise helps people prevent a variety of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular, depression and Parkinson’s. This also raises an argument on whether government should play an important role in promoting physical activity. This essay will clarify that it is reasonable for the state to take responsibilities in order to make sure that social health would be improved in the following years. 1/ Introduction A healthy lifestyle and longer lives are always the target that everyone wants to achieve, specifically; it is obvious that one of the most effective ways to do this is through exercise. Exercise generally means physical activity that makes your body strong and healthy. In addition, exercise also benefits mental health, especially in stressful work conditions which can affect individuals who lead busy lives. Therefore, in my opinion, it will be reasonable for the government (the state) to be responsible for ensuring regular exercise of all citizens. This essay consists of three main parts which will discuss the reasons why physical...
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...Diabetes [Name of Author] [Name of Institution] Introduction The examination profile of Mr Ward is not satisfactory and predicts he is confronted with several risk factors. Triglyceride level of Mr. Ward is 1.8mmol/l which is considered to be borderline high. Likewise, the cholesterol is 5.2mmol/l which again is very high. He also has a blood pressure higher than a safe range and a BMI below satisfactory level. This paper aims to highlight the facts and interventions which can be used for disease management for Mr Ward. Discussion The major challenge for maintaining a suitable glycemic control for diabetic patients is to restrict the progression of disease or development of the risk factors which turn pertinent over the course of time. The progression of disease can be restricted through considering the factors leading to weight gain, the pharmaceutical considerations, incurrence of glycemic conditions, and by taking into account the inherent restraints for administering exogenous insulin (Nichols et al, 2000). According to Davies (2004), there are number of factors which influences the consultation for diabetes patients amongst which the prominent ones include age, span of diabetes, the BMI, and measure of physical exercise. The glycaemic control remains the first and foremost target for every healthcare provider to enable insulin uptake in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. Janes et al (2013) have highlighted the significance of daily routine and activities...
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...of management physiological condition of flow behavior just by chancing boundary condition as well as feasibility of supplying information that is not easy to measure in vivo or vitro situations. 2.2 ACCELERATION EFFECTS ON HUMAN BODY In many situation the human body is subjected to external body acceleration or vibration. Theses acceleration could be deliberate or accidental, some times for a short period or long period like during travel in road vehicle or plane, fast body movement in sport activities, using jackhammer working with lathe machine. Prolong exposure to the unintentional acceleration may lead to serious health problem or even disastrous situations. Loss of vision, increase the pulse rate, abdominal pain, headache, cardiovascular diseases, hemorrhage in the eye socket, face, neck, brain and lungs are some case of health problem caused by prolong exposure to external body acceleration with large amplitude. The acceleration can affect the whole-body and blood flow in equivalent to pass an equal vibration to each particle of blood in the circulatory system. If the response of human system to such acceleration understood properly, the controlled acceleration can be used for therapeutic treatment, development of new diagnostic tools and for better designing protective pads (Arntzenius et al., 1972; verdouw et al., 1973). Therefore by study this literature survey we can obtain the influence of external body acceleration on the blood flow of human...
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...births (AHA, 2006a, b; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [NHLBI], 2007). The need for primary care providers to manage the health of adolescents with TOF has developed as the population and lifespan of children born with TOF has increased. One of the most important roles of a primary care provider is to educate adolescents and their families to facilitate the achievement and maintenance of optimal health. This includes counseling adolescents, especially those living with TOF, of the importance of regular exercise and participation in sport activities as necessary factors for their physical, emotional, and social growth and development (Bar-Or & Rowland, 2004). Physical activity is also essential for the prevention of long-term cardiovascular and obesity-related health problems (AHA, 2006d). Primary care providers cannot assume the cardiologist has effectively provided this education. Unfortunately, the literature indicates adolescents with TOF do not feel well informed regarding their cardiac condition, their physical activity allowances, or possible physical limitations (Birks, Sloper, Lewin, & Parsons, 2006; Canobbio, 2001; Cheuk, Wong, Choi, Chau, & Cheung, 2004; Falk et...
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...Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Surgically Treated Hyperthyroidism A Nation-wide Cohort Study With a Long-term Follow-up Essi Ryödi, Jorma Salmi, Pia Jaatinen, Heini Huhtala, Rauni Saaristo, Matti Välimäki, Anssi Auvinen, Saara Metso Clin Endocrinol. 2014;80(5):743-750. Abstract and Introduction Abstract Objective Previous studies suggest that patients with hyperthyroidism remain at an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity even after restoring euthyroidism. The mechanisms of the increased risk and its dependency on the different treatment modalities of hyperthyroidism remain unclear. The aim of this long-term follow-up study was to compare the rate of hospitalizations for cardiovascular causes and the mortality in hyperthyroid patients treated surgically with an ageand gender-matched reference population. Patients and Measurements A population-based cohort study was conducted among 4334 hyperthyroid patients (median age 46 years) treated with thyroidectomy in 1986–2007 in Finland and among 12 991 reference subjects. Firstly, the hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were analysed until thyroidectomy. Secondly, the hazard ratios for any new hospitalization due to CVDs after the thyroidectomy were calculated in Cox regression analysis adjusted with the prevalent CVDs at the time of thyroidectomy. Results The risk of hospitalization due to all CVDs started to increase already 5 years before the thyroidectomy, and by the time of the operation...
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...are. Pet Therapy is a fairly new and changing technique in the health care field. The hope of pet therapy is that during visits to the hospital it will help divert parent and children’s attention during painful procedures. Thus making the visit a more enjoyable and tolerant experience. It also examines the possible effect of lowering blood pressure on individuals who recently suffered a myocardial infarction or experience cardiovascular problems. Studies show that individuals living in a nursing home or monitored community of similar nature lack feeling of social status, suffer from psychological and physical ailments and feel the desire to be needed. This examines the possible steps that pet therapy can have in those areas of concern, as well as possibly improving not only the length of an individual’s life living in one of those settings, but also the quality of that life. Health care is an extremely important and every growing field. Pet Therapy is the concept of bringing a particular pet whether it is dog, cat, or a different pet of interest into a health care setting. In hopes of both improving the condition of the patient, as well as improve the success of the particular visit or procedure taking place. The researcher feels this is a very important technique to research because any advances in the health care field should be seen as positive. If there is any way to improve the treatment and success Pet Therapy 3 of those treatments on patients, than they should be...
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...ill with physician-assisted suicide. Many people frown upon this and even protest saying it’s inhumane. If a family member were on life support and only living because of the tubes connected to their body, what would you do? What if they wanted to die, to be free of pain and agony? What if the hospital they were in, not only denied them this right to die but kept them alive against their will? This was the situation in the court case of Bartling v. Superior Court. In this case, William Bartling, a mentally competent patient being of sound mind and body was put on artificial life support against his will. Before even coming to the Glendale Adventist Medical Center, Mr. Bartling was suffering from pulmonary emphysema, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, coronary arteriosclerosis, an abdominal aneurysm and lung cancer ("Bartling v. Superior Court," 2012). He had many medical illnesses and refused the ventilator even knowing that doing such a thing would cause him to cease living quicker. Mr. Bartling asked many times for them to remove the ventilator and when they denied him this request, he attempted to take it out himself. He was at that time tied down and secured to prevent him from removing or attempting to remove it ("Bartling v. Superior Court," 2012). In my opinion, the hospital had no right to force the ventilator on him or deny him his request to take the ventilator out. This man had zero chance of living regardless and was competent enough to make a rational, sane...
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