...A. How could an infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses? a. They are all connected. B. What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing. b. A long-drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the glottis, which results in a strong exhalation that suddenly pushes the glottis open and sends a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages; stimulus may be a foreign body lodged in the larynx, trachea, or epiglottis. C. Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter? c. Cilia in the bronchioles, and Alveolar macrophages in the alveoli. D. How would the resistance of Cari’s airways be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lung? d. Mucus and fluid would take up space, leaving less for air. E. How would Cari’s lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs) be altered as her alveoli fill with fluid due to pneumonia? e. The lung tissue would be heavier, and that would make it harder to fill with air. F. How would the fluid in Cari’s lungs affect how total lung capacity? f. The fluid would take up space and so her lung capacity would decrease. G. How does the elevation of Cari’s respiratory rate alter her minute ventilation? g. Her minute ventilation would decrease. H. Normal...
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...Cari’s Story AP2630 Katina Kline ITT-Technical Institute Cari’s Story A. The infection was able to spread because the pharynx, sinuses, larynx, and trachea are all connected and once there is an infections it is prone to spread in neighboring areas if it is not treated. B. The cough reflex is a long and deep inhalation followed by the closure of the glottis, causing strong exhalation that suddenly pushed the glottis open, sending air through the respiratory passages. Causes for this reflex could be foreign bodies in the larynx, trachea, or epiglottis. Cari’s body is stimulating this reflex due to the mucus and fluid buildup in her lungs. C. There are macrophages that found in the terminal bronchioles that remove dust particles and other debris from the alveolar spaces. D. Cari’s airways are affected by the excess mucus and fluid in her lungs because the buildup in her lungs make it impossible for her lungs to fully expand, so she is unable to get the amount of air her body needs, thus putting extra pressure on her lungs. E. Cari’s lung compliance would be altered because it would increase from trying to force gases in and out of the alveoli, which those are filled with fluid due to pneumonia. F. The fluid in Cari’s lungs would affect her lung capacity because it is not allowing the space filled with fluid to be filled with air. G. The elevation of Cari’s respiratory rate should increase her minute ventilation. H. The clinical find...
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...Cari’s Story A. Mucous membranes of the nose, parasinal sinuses, pharynx and middle ear are all connected in the throat. B. A cough reflex is a long drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the glottis which results in a strong exhalation that suddenly pushes the glottis open and sends a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages. This process is clearing the lungs by forcing foreign bodies out. C. Macrophages are present that remove dust particles and other debris from the alveolar spaces. D. Lung capacity is decreased because the air space is already filled with mucus and fluids which doesn’t allow enough room for oxygen, the extra fluid and mucus puts additional pressure on the lungs E. The fluid makes it harder to expand the lungs because fluid makes the alveoli sticky and unable to open or expand. F. Cari’s lung capacity would go down because the air space us already being taken up by fluid. G. The elevation of her respiratory rate should increase because the total volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled is minute ventilation, she is taking more breaths a minute. H. The clinical findings would show that her arteries have too much oxygen, because a normal Po2 of a resting person is 40 mmHg and exercises lower Po2 levels. Also a normal resting oxygen level is 94% with no added Oxygen. I. The symptoms due to lack of oxygen and reduced oxygen exchange at her tissues are; chest pain, “panting like a dog”, trouble...
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...Cari’s Story A. How could an infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses? -The pharynx and nasal passages are connected to one another, which allows pathogens and infections to travel back and forth to one another. The sinuses are a drainage area for nasal passages, so that is a good place for infections to occur. B. What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing. -The cough reflex is known to clear sputum and anything that may irritating the nasal passages and pharynx. The trachea is known to have cilia that is moving mucus up from the lungs. When there is a lot of mucus built up, it triggers the cough reflex. C. Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter? -Some structures that may be found are macrophages. These macrophages would protect her lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter. They are also known to remove dust particles and other types of debris from the alveolar spaces. D. How would the resistance of Cari’s airways be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lung? -Well first of all Cari already has excess mucus and fluid buildup in her lungs, so this would cause an airways obstruction and pressure on the lung. She would not be able to take in enough oxygen. E. How would Cari’s lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs) be...
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...Cari’s Story A. An infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx can spread into her sinuses because her sinuses are connected to the pharynx, larynx, and trachea and the infection will more than likely spread to those areas because it haven’t been treated in time. B. The cough reflex is when there is a deep and long inhalation and the glottis closes afterwards. When this happens an exhalation pushes the glottis open and air is sent through the respiratory passages. Because of the mucus buildup in Cari’s lungs, her cough reflex. C. Alveolar macrophage are the structures found in the terminal bronchioles and would normally protects Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter. They hang around the alveoli and dust particles where the debris is collected. Since Cari is a smoker, the cilia in her respiratory passages became paralyzed and excess amounts of mucus were secreted; then, macrophages are sent to her lungs and goes in the mucus instead of fighting off the pathogens. D. The resistance of Cari’s airways would be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lungs because she would have problems getting the adequate amount of oxygen; the pressure of fluid and mucus buildup in her lungs won’t allow her lungs to expand in order to get the adequate amount of oxygen that her body needs. E. Cari’s lung compliance would be altered as her alveoli fill with fluid due to pneumonia because she would have to use more effort for the get oxygen; the...
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...Krista Smith 4/20/15 AP 2630 Unit 5 Case Study 1 Cari’s Story A. The infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx was able to spread into her sinuses due to the sinuses being a drainage area for the nasal passages. B. The cough reflex is used to clear sputum and irritants that are in the nasal passages and pharynx. There are cilia in her trachea that is moving mucous up from the lungs. When the mucous becomes more abundant it triggers the cough reflex. C. There a macrophages found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli that normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter. D. The excess mucous and fluid in the lungs would raise the resistance of Cari’s airways because of the small diameter the buildup would cause. The fluid would have some of alveoli under water where they could not function properly and there would also be more friction from the buildup. E. Cari’s lung compliance would increase from trying to force gases into and out of the alveoli. Those are filled with fluid due the the pneumonia. F. The fluid in Cari’s lungs would lower her total lung capacity by not allowing the space that is taken up by the fluid to be filled with air. G. The elevation in her respiratory rate would alter her minute ventilation by raising it. Minute ventilation is determined by multiplying respiratory rate by total volume. H. The clinical finding of 90% oxygen saturation level and Po2 of mmHg would show that the...
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...A. How would an infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses? An infection would spread into Cari’s sinuses due to the sinuses being a drainage area for the nasal passage. B. What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing? A cough reflex clears up sputum from the nasal passages and pharynx. In the trachea there are cilia that move mucus up from the lungs. The mucus causes the cough reflex. C. Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter? Inside the terminal bronchioles and alveoli there are macrophages that would protect Cari’s lungs. D. How would the resistance of Cari’s airway be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lungs? Due to the buildup of excess mucus and fluid in Cari’s lungs, she would have a difficult time with her breathing since the alveoli could not function properly since they would be submerged under fluid. E. How would Cari’s lungs compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs) be altered as her alveoli fill with fluid due to pneumonia? Her lung compliance will increase from trying to force the gases into and out of the alveoli. The fluid that is in her lungs is pneumonia. F. How would fluid in Cari’s lungs affect her total lung capacity? The fluid in her lungs affect her total lung capacity by decreasing the amount of air into...
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...Cari’s Story Unit 5 Case Study 1 Amanda Egan (19215107) A&PII Instructor Dr. Lok 7/21/2015 A.) How could an infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses? Mucous membranes of the nose, parasinal sinuses, pharynx and middle ear are connected by ducts in the throat. B.) What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing. A Cough reflex is a long-drawn in and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the glottis, which results in a strong exhalation that suddenly pushes the glottis open and sends a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages. This process is clearing her lungs by forcing foreign bodies out of the larynx, trachea and epiglottis. C.) Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter? There are macrophages presents (wandering phagocytes) that remove dust particles and other debris from the alveolar spaces D.) How would the resistance of Cari’s airway be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lungs? The lung capacity is decreased because the air space is already filled with mucus and fluids therefore she can’t take in enough oxygen. The extra mucus and fluids put extra pressure on the lungs. E.) How would Cari’s lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs) be altered as her alveoli...
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...Cari’s Story Ap2630 ITT Technical Institute Warrensville Heights January 13, 2016 A. An infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx can spread to her sinus because all three are connected by ducts in the throat so; infection easily travels via mucus from one to the other. B. Cough reflex is a long-drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the glottis, which causes a strong exhalation that pushes the glottis open and sends a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages. This process is clearing her lungs by forcing foreign bodies out of the larynx, trachea, and epiglottis. C. Macrophages would normally clear the alveolar space in Cari’s lungs from foreign particles that could cause infections. D. Excess mucus and fluid in the lungs would raise the resistance of Cari’s airways because the buildup would cause the diameter to become smaller. The fluid would cover some of alveoli and prevent them from functioning properly and there would be more friction from the buildup. E. Cari’s alveoli being filled with fluid due to pneumonia lung would cause her lung compliance to increase from trying to force gases into and out of the alveoli. F. Fluid in Cari’s lungs would decrease her total lung capacity by preventing the space that is occupied by fluid to be filled with air. G. Elevation in Cari’s respiratory rate would alter her minute ventilation by raising it. H. The clinical finding of 90% oxygen saturation level and a...
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...Halstead Unit 5 Case Study: Cari’s Story A. How can an infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses? The infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx was able to spread into her sinuses due to the fact of how close the passages and sinuses are to each other, and the sinuses being a drainage area for the nasal passages. B. What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing. The cough reflex involves deep inhalation followed by complete closure of the glottis and strong exhalation with sudden opening of the glottis, and forcing air through the upper respiratory passages. The cough reflex is used to clear sputum and irritants that are in the nasal passages and pharynx. Cari’s respiratory system is forcing out mucus in order to maintain enough space within her lungs for oxygen. There are cilia in her trachea that is moving mucus up from the lungs. When there is much mucus, it triggers the cough reflex. C. Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter? Goblet cells secrete mucus to trap particles while the cilia work by moving mucus towards the pharynx for removal. Macrophages are also found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli; they engulf and destroy infectious pathogens and particulate matter. D. How would the resistance of Cari’s airways be affected by excess...
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...Rhods GE 259: Anatomy and Physiology Unit 5 Case study 1: Cari’s Story Dr. Lok July 21, 2015 A.) How could an infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses? The infection could spread into her sinuses since the sinuses are drainage area for the nasal passages. B.) What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing. A cough reflex clears sputum and irritants that are in the pharynx and nasal passages. The process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs is there is cilia in her trachea that is moving the mucus up from her lungs. When the mucus becomes abundant this triggers the cough reflex. C.) Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and particulate matter? In the terminal bronchioles and alveoli there are macrophages, these would normally protect Cari’s lungs from infectious bacteria and particulate matter. D.) How would the resistance of Cari’s airways be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lung? Cari’s airway would be affected by excess mucus and fluid buildup because the build up would cause resistance in her lungs due to the small diameter of space that is available. This buildup of fluid would cause some of the alveoli to be under water where they are not able to function properly. There will also be more friction due to the buildup of fluid. E.) How would Cari’s lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs)...
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...policy changes against the rulings of accidents and even state regulation on the legal drinking age for the 50 states. Because of some policies created new interest have arrived like the prevention of underage drinking. MADD movement all started after the tragic death of 13-year-old Cari Lightner. The Start of MADD On May 03, 1980 Cari Lightner was walking along a quiet road on her way to a church carnival when a car swerves out of control, striking and killing her (Stancato, 2013). After the tragic event Candy, Cari’s Mother started the group Mother against Drunk Drivers. Candace Lightner’s was determination to put an end to DUI’s after losing her 13-year-old daughter to a drinking driver. Who was not only drunk at the time of the crash, but also had two prior DUI convictions on his record before the incident (Stancato, 2013)? In fact, Clarence Busch had been arrested on another hit-and-run drunk-driving charge less than a week earlier before Cari’s accident (History, n.d.). When a DUI occurred, many drunk drivers were rarely prosecuted harshly. Few drunk drivers were subjected to jail time. Fatalities were still considered accidents instead of being called vehicular homicide that is what Candace Lightner believed they were (History, n.d.). The term ‘accident’ is no longer used in relation to a drunk driving incident – instead the word ‘crash’ is used, because an incident caused by the deliberate action of drinking and driving is not considered an accident (Stancato...
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...Social Policy Decisions Paper Tawanda L. Wright BSHS/355 May 30, 2016 Pam Harris Social Policy Decisions Paper On May 3, 1980, a 46-year-old drunk driver fatally killed 13-year-old Cari Lightner in a hit-and-run drunk driving accident. The fatal accident that leads to the death of Cari Lightner was a result of drunk driving that causes her mother, Candace (Candy) Lightner’s organization of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD). Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) was established on September 5, 1980, four months after 13-year-old Cari’s tragic death. The platform was created by Mothers Against Drunk Driving as a way of bringing public awareness of the results of driving while intoxicated and under the influence of drugs. Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) also provided support to families and victims of drunk driving. Through the organization, a small group of women who went around the nation providing information and facts about driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol. What initially started out as a small group of women quickly caught the attention of the United States Congress. MADD is still active today and has hundreds of chapters across the United States. Social Policies of MADD The overall predicament that led to the establishment of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) was due to the individuals who were driving while under the influence of alcohol. Individuals were driving while under the influence of alcohol since the end of prohibition. Evidence...
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...effects of these social policies on human services delivery. On May 3, 1980 Lightner’s daughter, Cari, was killed by a drunken hit-and –run driver at Sunset and New York Avenues in Fair Oaks, California (Wikipedia, n.d.). The 46-year-old driver, who had recently been arrested for another DUI hit-and-run, left her body at the scene. Candace later created MADD in her home to support others and to stop drunk driving on May 7, 1980. She discovered that the guy who killed her daughter would most likely not receive any punishments for his crime and justice for her daughter would not be served. She realized that this same tragedy happens to many families that have been hurt the same way she was. Candace stated ” I promised myself on the day of Cari's death that I would fight to make this needless homicide count for something positive in the years ahead" (Hanson, n.d.). The main goal of this organization was to promote awareness of the dangers of drunk driving and to promote tough legislation against this crime. Candace appeared on many big TV shows, addressed business and professional groups to gain public awareness and support legislation for her organization. The impact of Lightner’s...
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...Airdevils Inc. is a professional aerial stunts firm based in Salt Lake City, Utah. The firm was founded by Celsey Evans in 1995 and its clients range from the movies to marketing industries. Over the years Airdevils has created a positive reputation based on their innovative aerial stunts and the workforce has increased to 115 employees. In the past, Airdevils was the recipient of several national and international awards. However, they have failed to receive any accolades in the industry the past few years. To make matters worse, some employees are unhappy with the quality of the stunts and others have left the company or have spoken out about how unhappy they are. The founder realizes this is a problem and conducts a Job Description Index (JDI) survey, and seeks out the help from an organizational psychology consulting firm, Dream Teamworks, to help her resolve the issues. The survey depicts the four major problematic areas, job satisfaction. Job Satisfaction In the past couple of years, Airdevils has declined in its quality of performance and has failed to receive any awards. The founder believed that this was probably because of the increase in workforce and the employee’s resistance to get to know each other better. The JDI survey depicts a low level of job satisfaction, specifically among the stunt performers The dissatisfaction was more evident when the founder discovered an Internet blog that showed the employees sharing the dissatisfaction with the company. As...
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