...Topic: Treats faced by coral reefs in the Caribbean. In the Caribbean, the natural structures of the coral reefs are faced with many severe dangers which are caused naturally and by human activities. Coral reefs however, are living communities. Coral polyps are tiny marine creatures that secrete a calcium carbonate or limestone shell around their bodies, which remains when they die. The long shells become cemented together to form the physical structure of the reef on top of which the live Coral polyps grow. The coral reefs are significantly beneficial to the Caribbean region, thus, certain strict measures should be implemented to minimize or reduce the dangers posed to the coral reefs. The coral reef structure provides protection to plant and aquatic life. Waves break on the reef ensuring that a calm lagoon or stretch of sea occurs between the reef and the coastline. Coral reefs are therefore, ecosystems that support an immense variety of life and also have great potential to produce new medicine for mankind. The coral reef is important to the Caribbean regions with regards to the tourism industry. Thus, these reefs should be protected from human threats. First of all, Caribbean countries can immediately create marine reserves which are places in the ocean that are completely protected from uses that remove animals and plants or alter their habitats. These reserves are off limits to fishing activities because destructive fishing methods physically destroy the reef when explosives...
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...caribbean studies notes MODULE ONE LOCATION AND DEFINITION OF THE CARIBBEAN REGION Definition of the Caribbean Region Geographical This describes the area washed by the Caribbean Sea and is often described as the Caribbean Basin. It would therefore include most of the islands of the Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles as well as the mainland territories in Central America (Costa Rica, Belize, Panama, Honduras) and Northern South America such as Columbia and Venezuela. The common link here is the Caribbean Sea. Geological There are deep seated structural features of Caribbean geology which also identifies commonalities. It is the area that is defined by the Caribbean Plate and which experiences similar tectonic, seismic and volcanic features and processes. Historical It describes the area that saw the impact of European colonization, slavery, indentureship and the plantation system. this refers to all the territories so that one way of defining the Caribbean is to identify those countries that experienced the rule of specific European countries. Thus the Caribbean may be defined as being broken up into the English, French, Dutch and Spanish speaking countries and territories. Political In the Caribbean at least three types of governmental systems are found. They include Independent States, Associated States and Colonial Dependencies. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY Society Society is a collection of people occupying a defined geographical...
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...CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION (CAPE) CARIBBEAN STUDIES For Self-Study and Distance Learning This material has been developed for The Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) With assistance from The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) Copyright © 2004 CXC/COL Prepared by Dr Jennifer Mohammed Mr. Samuel Lochan Dr. Henderson Carter Dr. David Browne CARIBBEAN STUDIES TABLE OF CONTENTS Study Guide 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Titles Society, Culture and the Individual Geography, Society and Culture History, Society and Culture Cultural Diversity in Caribbean Society and Culture Impact of Societal Institutions on Caribbean People Caribbean - Global Interaction Concepts and Indicators of Development Contribution of Sports to Development in the Caribbean Regional Integration and Development Factors Promoting or Hindering Development Intellectual Traditions The Mass Media Social Justice Investigating Issues in the Caribbean Pages 1 – 21 22 – 51 52 – 87 88 – 116 117 – 146 147 – 170 171 – 187 188 – 195 196 – 207 208 –222 223 – 247 248 – 255 256 – 262 263 – 303 INTRODUCTION Purpose The Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC), in collaboration with the Commonwealth of Learning (COL), has developed Self-Study Guides for a number of Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) and Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE) subjects. The main purpose of the Guides is to provide both in-school and out-of-school...
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...Recently students have started a new academic year; some entering high school and others moving into higher forms, all of them preparing for CSEC examinations. Parents and teachers are constantly advising students on their main goal: which is to succeed in their exams. One of the main topics brought forth was relationships and academic performance. Teenage students who are in committed relationships often are faced with conflicts through prioritizing time spent with their partner and academics. Relationships can play an integral role with comfort and dealing with the many stresses presented through their everyday school life thus, helping students cope. On the other hand relationships also poses a threat to the students’ grades if their partner and schooling cannot exist in harmony, as a result can negatively affect academic performance. Problem Statement: ‘Does courting negatively affect academic performance of teenagers, ages 13-18 years attending Hillview College and ASJA Girl College?’ The researcher has attended both colleges and from personal experience noticed that relationships have been frowned upon by parents and teachers since they believe it will deny students from their true potential. Research questions: 1. What are the grade averages of students who are in relationships compared to those who are not? 2. How the student’s time is spent, studying/completing assignments vs with their partner? 3. Can the student manage the extra responsibility and...
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...has defined modern Caribbean features since colonization, slavery and indentureship (Nurse 2003). The Caribbean has one of the largest diasporic communities in the world, in proportion to population (Stalker 2003). For example, it is estimated that the Cubans and Dominicans in the USA are equivalent to 8% of their respective populations of origin (UNECLAC 2002: 237). And, in some of the mini states in the region like St. Kitts and Nevis, Grenada and Belize, annual labour migration accounts for as much as 12% of their population, thereby transferring their population growth (Mittelman 2000: 60). In addition, the loss of highly educated individuals from the Caribbean was due to the brain drain and the question of migration and remittances and if they could improve the standards of living for the individuals, their families and communities hence, aiding in the development of the region at large. The issue of migration and development has health and security risks associated with it for instance, HIV/AIDS and the increase in deportees into the Caribbean. Emigration in the Caribbean has occurred in two waves. The first wave occurred in the 1950s and 1960s in the Western economies during the post World War II which was a result of improved standards of living by finding full employment and lack of work in unskilled and semiskilled jobs. The second wave was due to the outcome of global economic restructuring and both economic and social decline in Caribbean countries. Emigration...
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...Abstract This is a project in the form of an essay which focuses on the life of Walter A. Rodney. This essay includes Walter A. Rodney historical background, major ideas, his contribution to the Caribbean development, his impact on world affairs and his weaknesses. Content Page Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Historical Background……………………………………………………………….. 4 Major Ideas…………………………………………………………………………… 5 Contribution to Caribbean Development……………………………………………. 8 Impact on World Affairs…………………………………………………………….. 9 Weakness……………………………………………………………………………. 10 Reference……………………………………………………………………………. 12 Introduction “For the only great men among the unfree and the oppressed are those who struggle to destroy the oppressor” (The Grounding With My Brothers, pg. 131). Walter A. Rodney otherwise known as 'Brother Wally' was a charismatic Caribbean intellectual. Rodney’s humanity poured out of his personality with a profound sense of the personal. He was articulate and well-spoken, well-educated and informed, a personable listener and one who was in tune with the 'grassroots'. He was able to fuse his knowledge of history, especially African history, with liberation politics. Many of his talks can be found in his book "The Groundings with My Brothers," however a brief portrait does no justice to the heritage he left. Walter A. Rodney was a revolutionary and scholar that combined his scholarship...
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...“The factors influencing and the rationale behind the establishment of Public Enterprises within Caribbean states” THE INFLUENCING FACTORS Reasons for setting up public enterprises were wide and varied. (C. Holder 1990). The countries of the English speaking Caribbean have traveled and endured a far distance; from freedom to couples of imperialistic societies achieved through colonialism; followed by wars and riots which lead to neocolonialism and finally to independence (Dominquez, Pastor and Worrel 1993). The post colonial era was the most active in relation to political thought and transformation as the social and economic issues of the “riot times” were examined. The minimal participation of the government in the laisser- faire ideological infrastructure that governed that period was the major purpose for change and as the full political responsibility for government was localized and the drive to industrialization spearheaded the drive for economic development trough the passage of Public Enterprises in Caribbean states. Caribbean governments wanted full participation in the commercial markets; what Mr. Norman Manly avidly describes as “commanding the heights of economy”. This thirst was quenched as some countries took steps toward the socialist perspective of controlling economies; this step caught the attention of other Caribbean governments and evoked further participation in the commercial and industrial development undertaken by governments. Social welfare...
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...Prepared by: Russell Clarke The Internationalization Process of Statement Limousine Service Final Individual Assignment SMEG6000: International & Caribbean Business Environment (Cohort 6) Balraj Kistow 15th August 2014 Contents 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Company Background 4 3. The Business Model 5 4. Preparation: Is Statement Limo Ready? 6 5. Potential Market Analysis 7 7. Market Entry Strategy 9 9. Conclusion 10 10. References 11 2. Executive Summary O f the numerous studies of international business, there has been a clear indication that the internationalization of an organization is a process by which said organization exponentially increases their international involvement over time. With reasonable and verifiable assumptions placed within the realm of economic and business factors, the characteristics of the internationalization process influence has a direct influence on the pattern and pace of this process. This paper will focus on the development of a model for the internationalization of Statement Limousine Service that focuses on its planned acquisition, and integration, into foreign markets. The paper will follow the pattern of the Six steps model, developed by Moberg & Palm. As its name suggests the process involves six steps of the internationalization and are respectively as follows: This model provides a concise idea about the internationalization concerning...
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...SIGNATURE- Jocelia Alexander DATE- 7th June, 2013 “I'm a slave from a land so far I was caught and I was brought here from Africa Well it was licks like fire From de white slave master Every day I dong on knees Weeks and weeks before we cross de seas to reach in de West Indies” ----- Slinger Francisco aka The Mighty Sparrow I must begin by saying how heartbroken I was on reading the suffering and mistreatment my people ordained back in the days of Slavery. Coming from a family that is mostly comprised of African descent individuals; it makes me sad and in utter repugnance. It's funny how life back then still influences the way my people think and approach their education, family, and general lifestyle. Slavery has definitely placed a scar on the mentality of not just the black community but of all races that have been a part of this. To me the black man went through the most because he was taken away from his land by fellow men or by the white man without having any say. The differences between the Africans and the Indians are that the Indians were brought here voluntarily; on the other hand the black man was violently brought here to be slaves. The “Black” man therefore was stripped of his family, pride, love ones and home. When one hears about slavery; the mind automatically thinks of the white man abusing the black man. There is so much more to slavery than just the inhumane acts that the African man was victim of. It was stages of torture that has...
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...Emigration in the Caribbean. 1. “The Caribbean has been unable to achieve the kind of economic development that would widen the range of job opportunities and allow its economy to absorb the incremental growth of its labour force. As a result, emigration in search of job opportunities has been an enduring loofeature of the economic history of the region.” (Palmer. R 1990). Often time people living in the Caribbean are either unemployed, or underemployed, which serves as a push factor influencing them to migrate in search on job opportunities. “The essential point in examining the relationship between migration and development is not so much to the lack of development, but to the character of that development and the objective of maximizing the welfare of the household.”looyeah 2. “The Caribbean region is an excellent case to study the effects of emigration as it has the highest emigration rates in the world. Docquier and Marfouk (2005) have documented the shares of the labour force in several source countries that have emigrated to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries. Almost all the Caribbean nations are among the top 20 countries in the world with the highest tertiary-educated migration rates, resulting in large impacts on the local markets and on the welfare of those who stay behind in the Caribbean countries.” (Mishra, 2006). With that being said, evidently the results will show brain drainage taking place within these Caribbean countries....
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...Barbados. 1965 Cambridge G.C.E. "A" Levels French, Geography - St.Joseph's Convent, Castries 1963 Senior Cambridge Certificate St.Joseph's Convent, Castries (First Grade) PROFESSIONAL CAREER: 1996 - 1997 Principal, Sir Arthur Lewis Community College, Castries, St.Lucia 1994 - 1995 Vice Principal, Sir Arthur Lewis Community College, Castries, St.Lucia. 1986 - 1994 Dean, Division of Arts, Science and General Studies, Sir Arthur Lewis Community College. 1981 - 1986 Principal, St.Lucia 'A' Level College, Castries, St.Lucia. 1980 - 1986 Tutor of French, OCODTeacher Training Summer Workshops, Dominica 1976 - 1981 Graduate Tutor, St.Lucia 'A' Level College, Castries, St.Lucia. 1975 - 1976 Graduate Teacher, St.Joseph's Convent Secondary School, Castries, St.Lucia. 1969 - 1972 Graduate Teacher, St.Joseph's Convent Secondary School, Castries, St.Lucia. 1965 - 1966 Non-Graduate Teacher, St.Joseph's Convent Secondary School, Castries, St.Lucia. 1958 - 1960 Pupil Teacher, Laborie Girls' Primary School OTHER POSITIONS HELD: 1996 - 1997 Secretary/Treasurer, Association of Caribbean Tertiary Institutions 1988 - 1991 Secretary, Independent Committee for OECS Unity, St.Lucia 1987 - 1991 Programme Co-ordinator, Organisation for Cooperation in Overseas Development Summer Workshops for...
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... trimmed hedge or stone wall to keep out cattle. Each year one was generally left fallow another grows a second crop of rations and the others were planted with new canes. Each field was divided by narrow roads into smaller square plots of 6-9 hectares. This made it easier for the overseer to control the rate of the slave gangs’ work and to organize the movement of cut cane to the wok yard. [Caribbean Story Book 1 3rd Editionp.96]. “The sugar work yard consisted of the mill, boiling house, curing house, distillery, trash house and workshops for skilled craftsmen like black smith and carpenters”[A Study and Revision Guide for CXC Caribbean History p.35], stood in the middle of the cane fields. The factory buildings were closely positioned to prevent having to travel far distance from one place to another. Woodland was a very essential source on the plantation site. It hold many uses. According to Hamilton-Willie, The woodland provided lumber for building purposes, as well as fuel for the boilers, and for cooking. . [A study and Revision Guide for CXC Caribbean History p. 35]. Provision grounds for slaves were of great importance to them because it gave them a status under slavery as it was considered an asset. The slaves’ provisions were depended on by whites and others unassociated with the estate, for food. The vegetable gardens also provided food for the white people on the estates. Water was used for three main purposes. Plan by author, 2004. Rivers...
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...IE History Unit 1 |Duration |theme |Topics |Learning outcomes |Teaching activities |Resource material | |September 18-21, 2007 |introduction to CAPE history, |Establishment of class rules. |1.Students should recognize the importance |Teacher introduction.- outline of course |CAPE History Syllabus | | |2. Indigenous societies. – an |1.Overview of syllabus & Assessments. |of acquiring a personal copy of the |syllabus, course assessment, submission | | | |overview of historiography. |Identifying learning styles of students. |syllabus for the course. |policy, expectations, etc. |Computer Lab. & Multiple | | | |Introduction to the historiography on |2. Students should appreciate the rationale|Class discussion. |Intelligencies exercise . | | | |indigenous societies: The Maya |and general aims...
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...Publishers. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. Introduction The Struggle for Women’s Political Participation in the Caribbean Cynthia Barrow-Giles At a time when the world seems to be moving towards more democratic forms of government, and when the issue of gender equality is receiving more attention than ever before, the participation of women in national-level politics, measured in percentage terms, is actually in decline.1 The historical political under-representation of women has led to a number of international and regional declarations with the expressed intent of improving women’s participation in politics. The Beijing Platform for Action of 1995, for instance, calls upon governments to take measures to ensure women’s equal access and full participation in the decision-making process. Similarly, at the Fourth Caribbean Ministerial Conference on Women, which was held in Kingstown, St Vincent and the Grenadines in 2004, governments agreed to undertake measures to strengthen the process towards the attainment of gender equality, social justice and development. Governments of the Caribbean Community thus agreed to focus on women, the economy and poverty, reproductive health and the strengthening of institutional mechanisms. The Millennium Declaration of 2001 also commits member states to the promotion of gender equality...
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...Chapter 12: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and Europe from Pre-emancipation to the Present Day by Roswith Gerloff Caribbean history of Christianity can be divided, with overlaps, into four main periods: the rather monolithic form of Spanish Catholicism from 1492, and of the Church of England from 1620; the arrival of the Evangelicals or nonconformist missionaries, Moravians, Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians from the mid-eighteenth century; consolidation and growth of various European denominations in the region in uneasy tension with the proliferation of independent black Christian groups and African religions in the post-emancipation era from 1833; the contest for political, economic and religious independence after 1870, including the shift from British Imperial intervention and influence to those from North America, and national independence after 1962. Contemporary studies in anthropology and sociology of religion speak of 'religions on the move', or the process of transmigration and transculturation, as it refers to dynamic, reciprocal, transitory and multidimensional creations in shaping a 'poly-contextual world'. This implies that religions have to be regarded as cultural and spiritual phenomena whose 'taken-for granted' essence1 has resulted from transcultural and transnational processes of mutual 1 Klaus Hock, University of Rostock, abstract for an essay on the African Christian Diaspora in Europe, January...
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