...In Jung’s psychological theory these masculine aspects form the animus, the "inner man". The concept of the animus is controversial however, particularly among feminists. A major difficulty with Jung's theory comes from his portrayal of the animus as an embodiment of stereotypical masculine traits, such as assertiveness, rationality, control and abstraction. He touts that portrayal as a description of an eternal, universal and archetypal masculinity (all of this is mirrored in his theoretical construct of the anima in men); Jung showed little awareness of the impact of culture on the construction of gender traits. Consequently his theory came to resemble a form of biological determinism, with all of that notion's oppressive history and...
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...Psy/250 Psychoanalytic Paper February 21, 2012 Larry Wenger Introduction In reading this paper you will see a comparison and contrast to Freud, Jung, and alder, and many studies that each one learned and thought. Simund Freud was born in Austria in 1856. Freud was dedicating to the learning and teaching of research and personality disorders. Freud added sex as a source of stress and conflicts. Simund Freud also had two key concepts, psychic determinism and unconscious motivation. Freud studied in Vienna. Simund Freud also believed that personality had three structures that consist of levels, conscious, pre conscious, unconscious. Later on in Feud career he developed five stages, oral, phallic, anal, latency, and genital. Freud was teaching that personality consist of three parts id, ego, and superego. Freud also studied nine types of defense mechanism. Just to name a few and what their meaning are. (Repression) Life long history of problems, Unconscious avoidance. (Denial) One cannot face the reality of evidence. (Projection) In the beginning of Freud career he started off doing hypnosis, but later notice that it was inadequate for some of his patients. He then moved on to studying dreams. Freud believes that dreams have a person’s inner conflicts of physical and mental problems. Freud thought that dreams will in lock ones inner secrets. Freud referred to dreams as the “royal road” to understanding the unconscious. Carl Jung was born in July,...
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...From its early beginnings, psychology has remained a rapidly changing science. Starting in the late 1800’s through the 1930’s, psychologists disagreed about many aspects of the field of psychology, including fields of study and research methods. Out of this conflict, four major schools of thought developed – Structuralism, Behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, and Psychoanalysis. Structural psychologists believed the purpose of psychology is to describe, analyze, and explain conscious sensations and feelings. Behaviorists believed conditioning could change human behavior. Gestalt psychologists theorized humans and some animals perceive the world around them in an organized pattern. Psychoanalysts believed that powerful inner forces from the unconscious mind develop and influence human behavior. This paper will discuss the personality theories proposed by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. This discussion will include a description of each theory. In addition, this paper will analyze the strengths and limitations of these theories. Finally this paper will compare and contrast each theory based on basic and underlying assumptions, deterministic versus free will, and awareness of self. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud, a psychologist from Vienna, was the first person to propose the Psychoanalytical Theory of Personality. Though his work, he suggested the personality is comprised of three separate elements, the id, the ego, and the super ego (Burger 2008). The id, present at birth...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Danielle Bridgewater Psychology of Personality 250 June 04, 2014 Jaime Schuler Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler are known as the pioneers of modern theories (Friedman & Schustack 2012). Their theories have changed psychological standpoints on the human mind and have become the greatest influences on modern psychology. (Friedman & Schustack 2012) Although much has changed over the years, Freud, Jung, and Adler came up with the ideas that has led to the theories of modern human behavior, personality, and thought processes. (The Science and Practice of Clinical Psychology, 2007) Nonetheless, their views, interests, and opinions were different in psychology. (The Science and Practice of Clinical Psychology, 2007) All three were psychiatrists. (The Science and Practice of Clinical Psychology, 2007) Sigmund Freud met Carl Jung after a meeting that lasted 13 hours. (The Science and Practice of Clinical Psychology, 2007) They became conspiring friends while circulating information on psychoanalysis. (The Science and Practice of Clinical Psychology, 2007) Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler encountered one another at a psychology convention in Vienna. (Bridle & Edelstein, 2000, Spring/Summer) Jung and Adler were fascinated by Freud’s interpretation of ego, superego, and id; however, they had antipathy for Freud’s idealization of sexual theories. (Bridle & Edelstein, 2000, Spring/Summer)...
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...possesses. What are the people’s thoughts, how do they feel, and how do people behave and what causes people to contain these predisposition are questions asked by personality theory and their research. Social Psychology and Developmental Psychology have united to form as a subject matter in Psychology, and personality has not yet found the unity. In this paper we will analyzes the strengths and limitation, compare and contrast, and explains the underlying assumptions of the theories of psychologist Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud. The paper suggested that the force in these underlying assumptions exist in their clearness that allows common people to understand these difficult concepts. The paper also discusses the disagreement with deterministic versus free will, even though Jung and Freud were biased toward determinism, which means that the environment or genetics predetermines individuals behavior and life. Carl Jung broke away from Freud and developed his own theory known as the Analytical Psychology, which resided on the assumption that the supernatural phenomena that will influence everyone’s lives. Jung believed, “that each of us is motivated not only be repressed experiences but also by certain emotionally toned experiences inherited from our ancestors” (Feist, & Feist, (2009). Jung also believed that the inherited images that he called the collective unconscious which involved aspect that people have never gone through individually but that has passed down from our ancestors...
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...psychotherapy to work effectively, one must first evaluate the psychological issue at hand. Every individual has a personality that is uniquely made up eight key aspects that are the unconscious, ego forces, biological, conditioning, cognitive, traits, spiritual dimension, and interaction. Although there might be similarities between personalities, it is impossible to have the same eight key aspects on more than one individual. Personality psychology truly is fascinating and is defined as the scientific study of psychological forces that make individuals unique. This paper will compare and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler. These three theorists devoted much of their time and energy developing unique approaches, methods, and techniques of psychoanalytic theory used to treat patients today. Sigmund Freud was the true founder of the psychoanalytic theory. Later, his student’s Alfred Adler and Carl Jung questioned Freud’s interpretation of dreams resulting in the Adler and Jungian theories. The psychoanalytic theory developed by Freud encouraged patients to discuss memories of early childhood, interactions, and fantasies. Freud believed that the use of free association and dream analysis revealed the unconscious forces driving one’s inner conflicts. Freud believed that human behavior is subjective to irrational drives that are not displayed on one’s surface. On the other hand, these irrational drives can be found repressed deep inside the...
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...Position What is a basic theoretical position? A basic theoretical position is basically theory discipline on a certain matter which a position is chosen. In this paper team “B” will be taking a look into the basic theoretical positions of four important individuals related to psychology; who are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James. As well as the basic theoretical positions of the individuals we also will be comparing and contrasting the four individual’s positions. Concerning the causes and nature of human psychological functioning Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James share their differences, which team “B” will discuss. Sigmund Freud considered being the father of psychoanalysis. The main theory that Freud focused the majority of his research was the psychoanalytic theory of learning. Freud is most known for his research and contribution in this field of therapy. Freud is of the first Westerners to recognize and work with the unconscious processes. Psychoanalysis is educational process in which unconscious conflicts are consciously confronted. Freud’s theory is based on the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. Freud was not the one who invented it, but he was responsible for making it highly popular in the psychoanalytic field of research. Freud applied the deterministic principles systematically to the sphere of the mental, and to hold the broad spectrum of human behavior is explicable on in the terms of...
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...running head: KIM’S PSYCHOANALYTIC PAPER 1 Kim’s Psychoanalytic Paper Kimberly Allen PSY/250 October 6, 2012 Wes Hanlon KIM’S PSYCHOANALYTIC PAPER 2 Introduction There are several theorists that have their own theory about psychoanalytic approach. Each theorist goes into detail about his or her theory and how it relates to an individual’s personality. An individual’s personality is what makes him or her special from everyone else. In this paper, it will talk about the theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler. This paper will also talk about the stages of Freud’s theory and at least three Freudian defense mechanisms with real-life examples. Theories of psychoanalytic approach Sigmund Freud was one of the theorists that came up with a theory that relates to psychoanalytic approach. Sigmund Freud created psychoanalytic, which is his way to understand personality (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). Freud started using hypnosis, which was created by Charcot and Pierre Janet to cure hysteria, but realized that it did not work to treat his patients (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). Since hypnosis did not work, Freud created free association, which is where the individual is aware of everything happening (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). He realized that this did not work as well, but realized that it was in the person’s dreams, which is in the unconscious mind (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). The other theorist is Carl Jung, who created his own theory about...
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...Psychodynamic Theories Jayme Terrigno PSY/405 October 6, 2014 Patti Tolar Psychodynamic Theories According to "Good Therapy" (2014), “The psychological interpretation of mental and emotional processes—is rooted in traditional psychoanalysis and draws from object relations, ego psychology, and self psychology” (para. 1). Psychodynamic theories draw most of their information from the idea of the unconscious, especially in the development of early childhood. This paper will describe personality, discuss the mail tenets of the theories presented, discuss how each theory applies to personality and behavior, and discusses the strengths and limitations of each theory. The degree to which individual humans vary from one another, both physically and psychologically, is quite astonishing and somewhat unique among species (Feist, Feist, & Roberts 2013). Personality id the physical characteristics of a person and how it reflects toward others. Personality is the thoughts and feelings that each person holds and shows to others. It is collection of a person, but these pieces of each person tend to remain the unchanged through the years. Psychodynamic theory was developed by a Sigmund Freud, a well-known theorist, and in his own words, scientist. Sigmund Freud began to combine philosophical speculations with a primitive scientific method. As a neurologist trained in science, Freud began to listen to his patients to find out what...
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...Theoretical position paper Jean Salomon PSY/310 March 1 2014 Cheryl Fracasso Theoretical position paper Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung Both Freud and Jung believed that individuals are driven in some way or another by the unconscious (Curvone, Pervin, 2010). Jung however, took this concept to another level by developing the idea for collective unconscious (Curvone, Pervin, 2010).Fundamentally, their basis for how the unconscious influences behavior is similar in nature. One main difference though is that Freud believed that one’s past experiences, especially from childhood, are stored in the memory and sometimes difficult to retrieve or even be aware of, and Jung believed that individuals do in fact store things in the unconscious, but it is based on an evolutionary perspective (Curvone, Pervin,2010). The idea behind the evolutionary view is that one’s ancestors influence the next generation, so these forces within are inevitable, however, he also acknowledges, like Freud, that each individual has a personal unconscious which is influenced solely by the desires of the self (Curvone, Pervin, 2010). ‘’self’’ is a large part of Jung’s thinking. The idea is that we all have personal conflict within and this remains constant throughout life because there is a tendency to put on a persona for who one truly is (Curvone, Pervin, 2010). Furthermore, this occurs because each person has a need to be accepted, whether it’s by society, family, or friends, there is a personal...
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...Fundamentals of Psychoanalytic Psychology T-ata DeHart-Williams PSY/250 August 23, 2012 Dr. Wendy Conaway Fundamentals of Psychoanalytic Psychology Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler influenced psychology and psychiatry with their psychoanalytic theories that continue to impact modern psychology. This paper will compare and contrast their theories and reveal those with which I agree and disagree. I will also discuss Freud’s psychosexual theory and explain the effects on the characteristics of personality, in addition to the concept of id, ego, and superego. Freudism Freud’s theory maintained that the unconscious mind is driven by psychosexual urges and can best be accessed through one’s dreams. Manifest content is the part of the dreams or psychological experiences that is easily remembered. Latent content is the parts that contain hidden messages or a deeper meaning than what the manifest content yields. Freud’s theory categorized the structure of the mind into 3 parts. Id represents the primitive core of personality, present at birth that contains the source of all psychic energy and operates on the pleasure principle. Id seeks instant gratification of needs and desires and if there is not instant gratification, tension and anxiety surface. Individuals absent of a properly functioning id often act on impulse and are self-centered. “Throughout life the pleasure seeking id constantly struggles with the reality checking ego.” (Friedman & Schustack, 2012...
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...Freud was born to Jewish Galician parents in the Moravian town of Příbor (German: Freiberg in Mähren), Austrian Empire, now part of the Czech Republic, the first of their eight children.[10] His father, Jakob Freud (1815–1896), a wool merchant, had two sons, Emanuel (1833–1914) and Philipp (1836–1911), from his first marriage. Jakob's family were Hasidic Jews, and though Jakob himself had moved away from the tradition, he came to be known for his Torah study. He and Freud's mother, Amalia (née Nathansohn), 20 years her husband's junior and his third wife, were married by Rabbi Isaac Noah Mannheimer on 29 July 1855. They were struggling financially and living in a rented room, in a locksmith's house at Schlossergasse 117 when their son Sigmund was born.[11] He was born with a caul, which his mother saw as a positive omen for the boy's future.[12] In 1859 the Freud family left Freiberg. Freud’s half brothers immigrated to Manchester, England, parting him from the “inseparable” playmate of his early childhood, Emanuel’s son, John.[13] Jacob Freud took his wife and two children (Freud's sister, Anna, was born in 1858; a brother, Julius, had died in infancy) firstly to Leipzig and then in 1860 to Vienna where four sisters (Rosa, Marie, Adolfine and Paula) and a brother (Alexander) were born. In 1865, the nine-year-old Freud entered the Leopoldstädter Kommunal-Realgymnasium, a prominent high school. He proved an outstanding pupil and graduated from the Matura in 1873 with honors...
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...“Describe and evaluate Carl Jung’s theory concerning personality types and show how they might usefully help a therapist to determine therapeutic goals” Introduction Carl Gustav Jung (1875 – 1961) a Swiss born psychologist and psychiatrist was the founding father of the theory and methodology known as ‘Analytical Psychology’. In his early years Jung studied with and was heavily influenced by Freud. But would later have fundamental concerns with regard to Freud’s theories going on to develop his theories and practice of ‘Analytical Psychology’. Jung’s legacy and its impact on modern day psychology and the ‘psychologisation of religion’ in particular spirituality and the New Age movement are immense. Many of Jung’s original theories and methodology still influences the way psychologists and psychoanalysts practice today. Psychological concepts such as ‘archetype’, ‘collective unconscious’, ‘the complex’ and ‘synchronicity’ are Jungian precepts. The ‘Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) which is used today to measure an individuals perception of their surroundings and how their decisions are formed, is based on Jung’s ‘Typological theory’. Jung’s father being a pastor and his mother an atheist (in modern day terms) from an early age gave Jung the opportunity to consider and reflect on both “sides” of the religious vs non-believer question, along with the subsequent impact and conflicts within his own psyche. Throughout Jung’s life he expressed a keen interest in nature and...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Hokulani M. Bailey PSY/250 March 15, 2014 Mrs. Laura Epstein Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment In comparison and contrast the psychoanalysis theories of Freud, Jung and Adler are similar in general but each holds their own unique differences in their personal unique way. Throughout this paper, I will first define each psychoanalyst characteristics, describe the eight stages of Freud’s theory, and explain the characteristics of personality using these stages. I will also provide three real life scenarios utilizing Freud’s defense mechanisms. . Everything on this earth is comprised of different, biological make up, situations, environments, evolution and timing on earth. Each individual person’s personality is comprised and developed based on those same factors. We have read about three very important men that have given their own psychoanalytical theories on how personalities are developed and come to be. These men are Freud, Jung and Adler. This paper will explain to you my understanding and opinions and on their theories. Freud’s theory describes ID, Ego, and The Superego. In the Theory and Practice of Counseling & Psychotherapy (7th deterministic, and evolve through key psychosexual stages in the first six years of life. I don’t want to take away from Freud’s work, but I have a hard time believing that everything before age six determines the people that we grow up to be or that everything is instinct. I agree that the Ego mediates...
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