...Core Marker’s Comment Sheet Course Name: Advanced External Auditing (AU2) Assignment: 1 Modules: 1 and 2 General Comments If you have any comments or suggestions for improvements of these marker’s comment sheets, please forward them to your marker or CGA-BC. Your feedback is important to us. PLEASE NOTE FOR SUBSEQUENT ASSIGNMENTS AND EXAM PURPOSES When answering assignment (and examination) questions, students should carefully read the requirements of the question. Marks are awarded for each valid point included in your answer. The specific terminology of the question is important. If the question asks for items to be “listed”, it is sufficient to list the items without explanation or elaboration. If, on the other hand, the question requires that items be described, a mere listing will not result in full marks being awarded. In general, marks are awarded for each valid point made and you should be guided by both the wording of the question and the number of marks available in deciding how many points are required and how much detail is needed. To receive full marks, it is necessary to provide enough detail (as required by the question) about sufficient points (as determined from the number of marks available). In answering an assignment question, review the lesson notes and required readings carefully and attempt to include as many valid points as possible in your solution. Advanced External Auditing (AU2) is the second course in external auditing...
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...Some recent highly visible business scandals and governance failures involving relatively large companies such as Enron and its auditors, Arthur Andersen have given rise to concerns about accountants’ ethical reasoning. The research is based on the premise that accountants have a weak ethical reasoning in light of these scandals. The purpose of the research is to explore, using hypothesis, whether selection-socialization exists in accounting firms and its effect on accountant’s level of ethical reasoning. The research also investigates whether the selection of women has resulted in ethical reasoning that is similar to that of their male counterparts. This is important given the large number of women that have entered the accounting profession over the past few years. Based on the results reported in the cognitive and ethical reasoning literature the research explores two hypotheses as follows: 1. There is no significant difference between the P-scores of male and female staff accountants. 2. The dominant cognitive style among staff accountants is ST. The study employs the Myers/Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a well-known measure for assessing cognitive styles and the Defining Issues Test (DIT) for assessing ethical reasoning of newly recruited auditors from Big-Five firms. Based on MBTI adapted from Fisher and Ott and descriptions of the cognitive styles, the authors deduce a third hypothesis that order for P-scores is SF, ST, NF and NT (lowest to highest). ...
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...Merck- River Blindness Case Analysis Section 1: Introduction and situational analysis: Merck is an American-based international pharmaceutical company with a history that spans almost 350 years. The company focuses on innovative research and consumer education. (Demand Media, 1999-2011 ) In 1950, George W. Merck, then the chairman of the company said, “We try never to forget that medicine is for people. It is not for the profits. The profits follow, and if we have remembered that, they have never failed to appear. The better we have remembered that, the larger they have been.” This philosophy was at the core of Merck and Co.’s values system. (Kreitner, 2010) In 1978, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that over 300,000 people were blind and another 18 million were affected with a disease called onchocerciasis, better known as river blindness. River blindness was caused by parasitic worms that was spread by small black flies the breed in and lived around fast moving rivers mostly in developing countries in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. The parasitic larvae were transferred to humans when bitten by the small black flies, at which time the parasitic larvae would infect the host. The worms would begin to reproduce producing millions of microscopic baby worms into the person’s body. This would eventually lead to gross deformity, severe itching that in some cases cause people to commit suicide and eventually blindness. At the time, the disease had...
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...Final Paper on Donald Sterling Ethics MGT511X 6/8/14 Caitlin Filteau Case Background Donald Sterling came into the ethical spotlight in April 2014, with a voice recording of him talking to his then mistress, “It bothers me a lot that you want to broadcast that you’re associating with black people. Do you have to?” “You can sleep with [black people]. You can bring them in, you can do whatever you want. The little I ask you is not to promote it on that … and not to bring them to my games.”Don’t put him [Johnson] on an Instagram for the world to have to see so they have to call me. And don’t bring him to my games.”(nba.com) Since then Mr. Sterling has been banned from the league for life and he was fined $2.5 million dollars. He has no authority over the Clippers and can’t attend any NBA game. NBA commissioner Adam Silver also stated that he would move to force Sterling to sell the Clippers. He stated he would do this based on “willful violation of the rules”, and it would require the consent of three-quarters of the other NBA owners. (Wikipedia.org) On May 26th Sterling made a statement denying all of the charges against him and he refused to sell the Clippers. Donald Sterling’s wife, Shelly, reached a deal to sell the Clippers to Steve Ballmer for $2 Billion dollars on May 29th. Shelly Sterling agreed not to sue the NBA and to assure the league against other suits possibly brought on by her husband. The next day her husband sued the NBA for $1 billion dollars stating...
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...become one of the largest establishments in its field. By gaining this large establishment and the global market place, ToolsCorp can overcome their competitors in sales to dominate the market. Mission Statement The nine components of a mission statement are customers, products / services, markets, technology, concern for survival, growth, and profitability, philosophy, self-concept, concern for public image, and concern for employees. These nine components look at who the firm’s customers are; what the firm’s major products or services are; geographically speaking, where the firm competes; is the firm technologically current; is the firm committed to growth and financial soundness; what the basic beliefs, values, aspirations, and ethical priorities of the firm are; what the firm’s distinctive competence or major competitive advantage is; is the firm responsive to social, community, and environmental concerns; and are employees a valuable asset of the firm (David, 2013). ToolsCorp’s high quality product earned the reputation as a reliable and trusted brand was...
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...CONTEMPORARY AUDITING REAL ISSUES & CASES MICHAEL C. KNAPP SEVENTH EDITION MAKE IT YOURS! SELECT JUST THE CASES YOU NEED Through Cengage Learning’s Make It Yours, you can — simply, quickly, and affordably — create a quality auditing text that is tailored to your course. • Pick your coverage and only pay for the cases you use. • Add cases from a prior edition of Knapp’s Contemporary Auditing. • Add your course materials and assignments. • Pick your own unique cover design. We recognize that not every program covers the same cases and topics in your auditing course. Chris Knapp wrote his case book for people to use either as a core e book or as a supplement to an existing book. If you would like to use a custom auditing case book or supplement the South-Western accounting book you are currently using, simply check the cases you want to include, indicate if there are other course materials you would like to add, and click submit. A Cengage Learning representative will contact you to review and confirm your order. G E T S T A R T E D Visit www.custom.cengage.com/makeityours/knapp7e to make your selections and provide details on anything else you would like to include. Prefer to use pen and paper? No problem. Fill out questions 1-4 and fax this form to 1.800.270.3310. A Custom Solutions editor will contact you within 2-3 business days to discuss the options you have selected. 1. Which of the following cases would you like to include? Section...
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...1.0 Introduction This case study analysis focuses on misplacement of cultural imperatives bymounting unethical advertisement campaign by two Indian package mass consumptioncompanies - Hindustan Lever Ltd and CavinKare Ltd. The development of revolutionary skinlightening technology brand; Fair & lovely by Hindustan Lever Ltd opened up a new chapter onapplication of unethical promotional strategy to generate large volume of sale and maintainmarket leadership position in India skin care industry. Hindustan Lever Ltd (HLL) holds 90%market share of the skin care industry but when CavinKare Ltd (CKL) lunched its Faireverproduct within two years CavinKare Ltd was able to gain 15% of the market.Hindustan Lever Ltd exploited the cultural preference of light skin complexion todark skin color in India and lunched an unethical promotional campaign that portrayed light skinsuperiority and gender inequality. The advertisement campaign created a strategic weakness forHLL which CavinKare Ltd capitalized on to lunch a counter attack by developing anadvertisement that is culturally more appealing to a wider segment of the Indian society. Catora,Gilly & Graham (2011) pointed out that “many countries, the international marketer faces the dilemma of responding to sundry situations where local law does not exist, where local practicesappear to condone a certain behavior, or where a company willing to do what is necessary isfavored over a company that refuses to engage in certain practice”...
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...ACS Code of Ethics Case Studies & Related Clauses to the Code of Conduct Australian Computer Society July 2012 Title ACS Code of Ethics Case Studies & Related Clauses to the Code of Conduct Authors Committee on Computer Ethics Mike Bowern Version History Date Document Version Revision History (reason for change) Author /Reviser July 2012 2.0 ACS Branding Sarah Li Approvals Date approved Version Approved By Date in force Date of Next Review To be confirmed 17 July 2012 2.0 Ruth Graham 17 July 2012 Custodian title & e-mail address: Responsible Business Group: Distribution: ruth.graham@acs.org.au Professional Standards, Learning & Development General (no restriction on distribution) Content Security: Unclassified Australian Computer Society | ACS Code of Ethics Case Studies & Related Clauses to the Code of Conduct | July 2012 Page 2 ACS CODE OF ETHICS CASE STUDIES & RELATED CLAUSES TO THE CODE OF CONDUCT This document provides a range of case studies with references to relevant clauses of the ACS Code of Ethics. These Codes consists of a series of clauses which gradually expand on aspects of ethical behaviour relevant to professional people in the ICT industry. Clause 2.0 describes the Code of Ethics, summarised as six values: The Primacy of the Public Interest; The Enhancement of the Quality of Life; Honesty; Competence; Professional Development; and Professionalism. Clauses 2.1 through to 2.7 cover the ACS Code...
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...ACN Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia Ethics Training for Public Officials A study prepared by the OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ACN) and SIGMA, a joint EU-OECD initiative, principally financed by the EU, in co-operation with the OECD Public Sector Integrity Network March 2013 ACN Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia ETHICS TRAINING FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS A study prepared by the OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ACN) and SIGMA, a joint EU-OECD initiative, principally financed by the EU, in co-operation with the OECD Public Sector Integrity Network This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the OECD and its Member countries or of the beneficiary countries participating in the SIGMA Programme. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern and Central Europe The Anti-Corruption Network (ACN) is a regional outreach programme of the OECD Working Group on Bribery. The ACN is open to countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The main counterparts are...
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...Social responsibility and managerial ethics You may be wondering, “Why should I care about corporate social responsibility or managerial ethics or whether or not my employees have health care benefits? Aren’t these the types of issues philosophers worry about?” To answer this question, you only need to pick up a recent newspaper or business magazine. Everything from Wall Street trading scandals to accounting frauds at AIG, Lehman Brothers, Enron, Parmalat, Satyam, WorldCom, Tyco, and Global Crossing to corporate cover-ups and massive oil spills from British Petroleum’s offshore drilling rig explosion in the Gulf of Mexico seem to be in the press daily. For example, Citicorp lost billions in market value when it was revealed that a group of traders in the firm’s London office had manipulated the bond market: A small set of traders disrupted the European bond market by placing 188 sell orders simultaneously (approximately $20 billion worth of bonds) on August 2, 2004 in about 18 seconds. This drove the price of bonds, in general, down dramatically. The prices continued to drop even after the Citibank traders stopped selling. Just a few minutes later, the same traders then bought the bonds back at much cheaper prices than they had been sold. This new buying triggered buying by other traders, and prices rose. In the process, Citibank traders made about $20 million in profits in under five minutes. Although the employees did not do anything illegal, their behavior...
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...------------------------------------------------- ‘‘A comparative analysis on the marketing strategies of Samsung for Android and of Apple for iOS in UK market and their customer response’’ Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.2 Research aims 2 1.3 Research objectives 3 2. Literature review 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Mobile phone operating system 3 2.3 Global introduction of smartphone 3 2.4 Various operating systems 4 2.5 Overview of the android’s framework 4 2.6 Overview of iOS and it marketing strategy 4 2.7 Comparative analysis of the two 5 3. Research methodology 6 3.1 Methodology 6 3.1 Type of investigation 6 3.2 Data collection method 6 3.3 Sampling method 7 3.4 Accessibility issues 7 3.5 Ethical issues 7 3.6 Timetable 8 4 Anticipated findings 9 5. Conclusions 9 References 10 1 Introduction Various companies use different types of marketing techniques over the few decades. To get competitive advantage over the competitors, developed variations of marketing techniques are quieting helpful to the companies. This is referred as market innovation (Verlog, 2007). Companies have to face with different factors in this modern world of business. New legislations developed marketing tools and corporate social responsibilities are among the newer one. Business has to deal with two basic demands which are to earn profit and to maintain a sustain profit ( Verlog, 2007). Though there are many developed application software were used in past by several cell...
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...their profits to share with investors or used for whatever the owner wants. Discussed here will be Goodwill and Walgreens, to show the differences between an not-for-profit and for profit companies. By presenting a case study on the two companies, will help the reader to have a clear understanding of the information that is addressed. This paper analyzes personal and organizational ethics and values between not-for-profit and for-profit organizations. The purpose of this paper is to identify key problems related to business ethics in these two organizations and how they use different ways to solve those problems. Introduction: The purpose of this case study is to provide knowledge of a analysis of personal and organizational ethics and values between not-for-profit and for-profit organizations. Goodwill Industries and Walgreens will be the not-for-profit and for-profit organizations that will be analyzed in this paper. The paper will be broke down into four parts. The first and second part is an analysis of Goodwill Industries and Walgreens including the ethical dilemma that it faced, the way they responded to this ethical dilemma and outline of the legal, social, or political outcomes as a result of those actions. The third part is a personal reflection of the ethical actions that were taken by both of these organizations. The last part a is the critique of the actions of these organizations based on two philosophical theories....
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...A CONTEMPORARY AUDITING REAL ISSUES AND CASES Seventh Edition Michael C. Knapp University of Oklahoma ; \ 1% SOUTH-WESTERN CENGAGE Learning- Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States CONTENTS SECTION 1 Comprehensive Cases 1 Case 1.1 Enron Corporation 3 Arthur Edward Andersen established a simple motto that he required his subordinates and clients to invoke: "Think straight, talk straight." For decades, that motto sewed Arthur Andersen & Co. well. Unfortunately, the firm's association with one client, Enron Corporation, abruptly ended Andersen's long and proud history in the public accounting profession. K Y TOPICS: history of the public accounting profession in the United States, scope of E professional services provided to audit clients, auditor independence, and retention of audit workpapers. ; Case 1.2 Just for FEET, Inc. 23 In the fall of 1999, just a few months after reporting a record profit for fiscal 1998, Just for Feet collapsed and filed for bankruptcy. Subsequent investigations by law enforcement authorities revealed a massive accounting fraud that had grossly misrepresented the company's reported operating results. Key features of the fraud were improper accounting for "vendor allowances" and intentional understatements of the company's inventory valuation allowance. K Y TOPICS: applying analytical procedures, identifying inherent risk and control risk E factors, need for auditors to monitor...
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...Frameworks of analysis for marketing Possible frameworks 1.2 Power-based analysis 1.3 Is marketing inherently evil? 2 Specific issues in marketing ethics 2.1 Market research 2.2 Market audience 2.3 Pricing ethics 2.4 Ethics in advertising and promotion 2.4.1 Content 2.4.2 Delivery channels 2.4.3 Deceptive Advertising and Ethics 2.5 The use of ethics as a marketing tactic 2.6 Neuromarketing ethics 2.7 Marketing strategy 2.8 Further issues in marketing ethics 3 Regulation and enforcement 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External links Fundamental issues in the ethics of marketing[edit] Frameworks of analysis for marketing Possible frameworks[edit] Value-oriented framework, analyzing ethical problems on the basis of the values which they infringe (e.g. honesty, autonomy, privacy, transparency). An example of such an approach is the AMA Statement of Ethics.[1] Stakeholder-oriented framework, analyzing ethical problems on the basis of whom they affect (e.g. consumers, competitors, society as a whole). Process-oriented framework, analyzing ethical problems in terms of the categories used by marketing specialists (e.g. research, price, promotion, placement). None of these frameworks allows, by itself, a convenient and complete categorization of the great variety of issues in marketing ethics Power-based analysis[edit] Contrary to popular impressions, not all marketing is adversarial, and not all marketing is stacked in favour of the marketer. In marketing...
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...Business Ethics Concepts & Cases Manuel G. Velasquez ABSTRACT Summary of the main points of the first two chapters in the book. The remaining chapters are application of the concepts summarized as relating to political forms of government and market systems. These further chapters are less relevant to the DBA class that this summary was prepared for. Chapter 1 – Ethics & Business Ethics is the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group. It is the study of morality. Morality are the standards that an individual or group has about what is right and wrong, or good and evil. Moral norms can usually be expressed as general rules or statements, such as “Always tell the truth”. Moral values can usually be expressed as statements describing objects or features of objects that have worth, such as “Honesty is good” and “Injustice is bad”. Five characteristics can help pin down the nature of moral standards. 1. Moral standards deal with matters that we think can seriously injure or seriously benefit human beings. 2. Moral standards are not established or changed by the decisions of particular legislative bodies. 3. We feel that moral standards should be preferred to other values including (especially?) self-interest. 4. Moral standards are based on impartial considerations. – that is, a point of view that does not evaluate standards according to whether they advance the interests of a particular individual or group, but one that goes...
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