...This article is about the corporation. For the search engine, see Google Search. For other uses, see Google (disambiguation). Google Inc. | | Type | Public (NASDAQ: GOOG, FWB: GGQ1) | Industry | Internet, Computer software | Founded | Menlo Park, California (September 4, 1998 (1998-09-04))[1][2] | Founder(s) | Sergey M. Brin Lawrence E. Page | Headquarters | 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California, United States | Area served | Worldwide | Key people | Eric Schmidt (Chairman and CEO) Lawrence E. Page (Co-Founder and President, Products) Sergey M. Brin (Co-Founder and President, Technology) | Products | See list of Google products. | Revenue | US$23.651 billion (2009)[3][4] | Operating income | US$8.312 billion (2009)[3][4] | Profit | US$6.520 billion (2009)[3][4] | Total assets | US$40.497 billion (2009)[3][4] | Total equity | US$36.004 billion (2009)[4] | Employees | 24,400 (2010)[5] | Subsidiaries | YouTube, DoubleClick, On2 Technologies, GrandCentral, Picnik, Aardvark, AdMob | Website | Google.com | Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products,[6] and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program.[3][7] The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, often dubbed the "Google Guys",[8][9][10] while the two were attending...
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...Development theories and their effect on Adult life Name Institution Introduction A lot of approaches have been taken so as to explain how we as human beings develop from children to adults. Many different scientists have over the years come up with certain theories within the psychological discipline to illustrate how the different stages of childhood shape a person’s adult nature. It has been proven that the environment of the various development levels of a child have a significant effect on how the child relates later as an adult, or rather the different character traits that are exhibited later in adulthood. Areas inclusive of biological, cognitive, emotion and social processes have been studied so as to come up with the different developmental processes. Two of some of the most noted developmental psychologists are Sigmund Freud and Urie Bronfenbrenner (Salkind, 2006).Sigmund Freud came up with the very controversial theory known as the Psychosexual Development Theory. He believed that there are five stages involved in the formation of someone’s personality. For one, there is the oral/dependency stage: This stage takes place in the first 18 months of an infant’s life. The child mainly uses their mouth in exploring the environment around them. Pleasure is derived from breastfeeding or feeding from a bottle and also suckling a pacifier. If too little...
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...This essay requires a basic fundamental understanding of Freudian theories and their contributions to psychological therapies. The theory of psychosexual development is contentious and the aims of this essay is explore what legacy Freud has given to modern therapy and whether it is at all helpful in the understanding of client presenting issues. Sigmund (Sigismund) Freud was born to a large Jewish Family on May 6th1856 in Pribor in The Czech Republic – formally Freiberg, Moravia, the family settled in Vienna where he studied medicine and practised as a neurologist. During work with Josef Breuer in 1892 and later with Jean Charcot in Paris he was taken by the ability to recall painful experiences under hypnosis. He founded that the mind was a complex energy system and that there is more to psychology than what is immediately available to the conscious mind, surmising that by gaining insight into unconscious thoughts and motivations, a client could be cured of his neurosis; at the time his ideas were seen as shocking, - and albeit controversial, are now accepted as commonplace, with modifications and variants, in therapy today. Freud was certainly not the originator of the concept of the unconscious; this was largely developed by the man Freud regarded as “the Great Fechner”, Gustav Fechner (1801-1887)- bestowing his work with prodigious enthusiasm, Freud declared that he had “followed that thinker on many important points” (Freud, 1925) Link S. (unknown). The Freud Encyclopaedia...
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...required the id's impulses to be controlled and resolved by the ego. However if the impulses were not satisfactorily resolved then the lingering unconscious conflicts could lead to psychological problems in later life. In the Oral Stage (birth to 18 months) the child is focused on the mouth as a way of seeking pleasure because of its requirement for nursing. If the child's weaning is traumatic, in later life any unresolved conflicts may manifest as a preoccupation with oral activities such as smoking, drinking, eating or bite his or her nails or chew pencils and pens. The Anal Stage (18 months to three years) is a time in which pleasure is based on eliminating and retaining bowel movements and gaining control over them. In terms of conflicts during this stage, the end result can be an obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control (anal retentive) or they may become messy and disorganized slobs (anal expulsive). During the Phallic Stage (ages three to six) the attention witches to the genitals as boys and girls learn that they are differences between the genders and become aware of the similarities and differences between them and their parents. Freud believed that during this stage boys develop unconscious sexual desires for their mothers and come to see their fathers as rivals for her attention and affection. He also believed that boys develop a fear that their father will punish them for these feelings, such as by castrating them. This group of feelings is known as...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Denisha Hernandez PSY/250 Mr. Previc The stages of Freud’s theory and personalities is the oral stage where the child wants that type of comfort by wanting their mother’s breast or bottle to sooth their selves from whatever type of distress they went through which would be considered as regression. I would agree with Freud that the oral stage is accurate. When I was young I would suck my thumb to make my problem go away. The anal stage would be the related with regression as well. The anal stage is potty training stage. Where accidents may occur and children or in some cases adult have this happen to them. The other stage is the phallic stage where you are aware of the male and female. Learning that a female have these body parts and that males have these body parts this is also compared to rationalization. The other stage would be latency which is the observable stage and that is related to repression. Be observant is a very skilled manner that has been brought on Freud’s theories. Without being observant things really would not make any sense and situations would just collapse to pieces. The last stage on Freud’s list is the genital stage where it is the peak of puberty and in sexual interest which is also part of the sublimation defense mechanisms having urges of sexual needs and knowing what are the sexual interest for the male and female. One of the defense mechanisms I can relate to is denial. In my early to late childhood I was in denial...
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...Introduction The goal of the life span perspective of development is to understand how and why all different kinds of people, everywhere, and of every age, change over time (Berger, 2011). Developmental psychologists study the constant changes we experience throughout life, including physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development. Psychologists also study how we are affected by, react to, and process the world around us (Stone, 2011). The first aspect of developmental science is to understand how and why people change. Another aspect of developmental science is to identify universal similarities and differences among people, and then use that information to unify humanity as well as distinguish us as individuals (Berger, 2011). The most important aspect of developmental science is to understand that people change over time. According to Berger (2001), “Change is systematic, ongoing, and dynamic throughout the entire life span.” Explain the life span perspective of development. According to Paul and Margret Baltes, life-span perspective views human development as multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic. Development is considered multidirectional because change occurs in all directions, in every part of life. Human characteristics can increase, decrease, or remain the same (Berger, 2011). Development is also multicontextual. It can occur in many different physical and social environments. We develop, regardless of where we are...
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...Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue? (Word count 2,749 excluding bibliography, references) Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual development is based on the idea that parents play a pivotal role in the sexual and aggressive drives that form in the early years of their child’s development. Freud (Freud & Philips 2006) proposed that psychological development in childhood takes place in a series of fixed stages - psychosexual stages. Each stage represents the fixation on a different area of the body and as a person grows physically, certain areas of their body become important as sources of potential frustration, pleasure or both. Freud referred to the instinct or drive which resulted in these fixations as the ‘libido’ and the areas of the body as the ‘erogenous zones’. Freud believed that life was built around a series of tensions and pleasures; believing also that all tension was due to the build-up of this libido, or sexual energy and that all pleasure came from its release (McLeod 2008). In describing human personality development as psychosexual Freud meant to convey that what develops is the way in which sexual energy accumulates and is released as we mature biologically. McLeod further explains that Freud used the term 'sexual' in a very general way to mean “all pleasurable actions and thoughts”. I believe this is a crucial point in helping understand what Freud was saying;...
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...Theory Freud didn't exactly invent the idea of the conscious versus unconscious mind, but he certainly was responsible for making it popular. The conscious mind is what you are aware of at any particular moment, your present perceptions, memories, thoughts, fantasies, feelings, what have you. Working closely with the conscious mind is what Freud called the preconscious, what we might today call "available memory:" anything that can easily be made conscious, the memories you are not at the moment thinking about but can readily bring to mind. Freud suggested that these are the smallest parts! The largest part by far is the unconscious. It includes all the things that are not easily available to awareness, including many things that have their origins there, such as our drives or instincts, and things that are put there because we can't bear to look at them, such as the memories and emotions associated with trauma. According to Freud, the unconscious is the source of our motivations, whether they are simple desires for food or sex, neurotic compulsions, or the motives of an artist or scientist. And yet, we are often driven to deny or resist becoming conscious of these motives, and they are often available to us only in disguised form. We will come back to this. The Libido, or Psychic Energy, in Freud David B. Stevenson '96, Brown University Freud conceived of the mind as having only a fixed amount of psychic energy, or libido. Though the word libido has...
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...erik erikson's psychosocial crisis life cycle model - the eight stages of human development Erikson's model of psychosocial development is a very significant, highly regarded and meaningful concept. Life is a series of lessons and challenges which help us to grow. Erikson's wonderful theory helps to tell us why. The theory is helpful for child development, and adults too. For the 'lite' version, here's a quick diagram and summary. Extra details follow the initial overview. For more information than appears on this page, read Erikson's books; he was an award-winning writer and this review does not convey the richness of Erikson's own explanations. It's also interesting to see how his ideas develop over time, perhaps aided by his own journey through the 'psychosocial crisis' stages model that underpinned his work. Erik Erikson first published his eight stage theory of human development in his 1950 book Childhood and Society. The chapter featuring the model was titled 'The Eight Ages of Man'. He expanded and refined his theory in later books and revisions, notably: Identity and the Life Cycle (1959); Insight and Responsibility (1964); The Life Cycle Completed: A Review (1982, revised 1996 by Joan Erikson); and Vital Involvement in Old Age (1989). Erikson's biography lists more books. Various terms are used to describe Erikson's model, for example Erikson's biopsychosocial or bio-psycho-social theory (bio refers to biological, which in this context means life); Erikson's human...
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...Cognitive Psychology draws the comparison between the human mind and a computer, suggesting that we like the computer process the information we acquire from around us and then react accordingly. Hearnshaw, (1987), claims that Cognitive Psychology is both one of the oldest and also one of the newest parts of Psychology, cited in ?T. Malim?, (1994). Information is collected through our senses i.e. vision, touch, smell etc and then processed through our brain. Cognitive Psychologists largely seek explanations of Cognitive development, memory, attention, artificial intelligence, perception and social cognition. The methods used are usually Laboratory experiments under controlled circumstances i.e. memory tests, and, Case studies. Piaget, (J), (1896-1980), carried out case studies on his own children to study the stages of cognitive development. Piaget concluded that the child was an organism which adapts to the environment, he also studied with the opinion that all children went through the same set stages of development and that there were no individual differences. Piagets? Stages of Development: - The Sensorimotor stage, (0-2): - Early in the sensorimotor stage the child is entirely egocentric, everything is an extension to the self, they can?t distinguish themselves from their environment. The child has no concept of past or future all it is aware of is the here and now. The child relies entirely on it?s senses i.e. sight, hearing, touch. It is believed by Cognitive Psychologists...
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...Chapter 1 SIGMUND FREUD AN INTRODUCTION Sigmund Freud, pioneer of Psychoanalysis, was born on 6th May 1856 in Freiberg to a middle class family. He was born as the eldest child to his father’s second wife. When Freud was four years old, his family shifted and settled in Vienna. Although Freud’s ambition from childhood was a career in law, he decided to enter the field of medicine. In 1873, at the age of seventeen, Freud enrolled in the university as a medical student. During his days in the university, he did his research on the Central Nervous System under the guidance of German physician `Ernst Wilhelm Von Brucke’. Freud received his medical degree in 1881and later in 1883 he began to work in Vienna General Hospital. Freud spent three years working in various departments of the hospital and in 1885 he left his post at the hospital to join the University of Vienna as a lecturer in Neuropathology. Following his appointment as a lecturer, he got the opportunity to work under French neurologist Jean Charcot at Salpetriere, the famous Paris hospital for nervous diseases. So far Freud’s work had been entirely concentrated on physical sciences but Charcot’s work, at that time, concentrated more on hysteria and hypnotism. Freud’s studies under Charcot, which centered largely on hysteria, influenced him greatly in channelising his interests to psychopathology. In 1886, Freud established his private practice in Vienna specializing in nervous diseases...
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...regards to the development of a human being, and in some cases, adulthood has gotten all of the attention. However there is one perspective that considers all phases of life, known as the life-span perspective, which is universally accepted by most psychologists and implicated into their own respective theories. This perspective was originally introduced by Paul and Margaret Baltes, and was monumental as it considered all phases of life, rather than just childhood or adulthood (Berger 2010). There are five insights which are focused on to describe the context under which development occurs. According to the life-span perspective, development is multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic (Berger 2010). Let’s begin with multidirectional. Multidirectional means that human qualities change in all directions. A more traditional belief was that development took place up until the age of 20, becomes stagnant, and then declines. Life-span research has refuted this claim (Berger 2010). For example, when an elderly person’s spouse passes, the newly single elderly person can either lose motivation to live, or expand their social surroundings. Regardless of the outcome, development occurred even in these elderly years. The belief that development occurs in stages is held by many people and supported by many popular theorists. For example, Freud’s Psychosexual Theory consists of an Oral Stage, an Anal Stage, and a Phallic Stage throughout the first six years...
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...Sexual Revolution Evolution Intimacy is not free in the modern world. Political change, social change, systems of oppression, and globalization all contribute to the shape and to the limit of people’s intimate lives. The oppressive regulation of marriage and sexuality by states and cultures can really affect intimacy and incite sexual revolutions. In feminist studies Professor Leila Rupp’s lecture, Tickell and Peck were cited as defining globalization as a notion based on an increasingly borderless market, where market rules and competitive logics predominate. In another lecture, Rupp stated that sexual revolutions are linked to and caused by: globalization, economic forces, technology and culture. Rupp expresses that many changes in behavior and attitude have been related to these factors. Many sexual revolutions according to Rupp are caused by resistance to oppressive governmental and cultural regulation of sexuality and the diverse ways that people, both individually and collectively, resist regulation and bring about change. People are agents and resist individually and collectively the perils of oppression. Two sexual revolutions addressed were that that took place in the United States in the 1910’s and the 1960’s. Gender roles were extremely limiting and constricting especially from the perspective of many females. Females were limited to household jobs and conservative dress in addition to their overall conservative behavior. On top of women’s restrictions behaviorally...
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...Lifespan perspectives ***** ******** Psy/375 June 25, 2012 ***** ******* Lifespan perspectives Although humans seem very different from one another, each human develops partly like everyone else, yet partly like no one else. Most of the time human’s attention is focused on one another’s unique qualities instead of realizing how similar humans really are. In fact, as humans, almost everyone has traveled some similar path. People such as, President Barack Obama, Joan of Arc, and Marilyn Monroe shared similar paths of life span development. Each one began to walk at approximately age one, began to talk sentences at about age four, as young children they played with toys while imagination worked wonders, and as young adults they would pack these toys up because they were no longer needed. As life goes on every human will experience almost the same developmental patterns from conception until death (Guest, 2011). Life-span perspective is the perspective that human development lasts all though out life. It views development as multicultural, multidirectional, multidisciplinary, plastic and contextual. In this perspective once a human hits their early 20’s, they have not completed development. In fact there are many developmental points in a human’s life after young adult hood that will last until death. This explains how human development is life-long (Guest, 2011). Multicultural can be defined as development that is affected by a person’s culture. Although...
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...I. Has anyone in here ever broken a law? Don't answer that, we have a future cop in here and you'll incriminate yourself. So let's say that, hypothetically, you have a friend that might have broken a few laws. As the moral, upstanding citizen you are, you would never follow suit, right? My group and I are here today to show that you might not be as innocent as you thought – all over the world, including here in Florida, outrageous, archaic, and poorly worded laws still exist, though they may no longer be strictly enforced. Comedic Laws II. Crime Comics – Canada A. C-13, or the “Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act,” against cyber-bullying sneaks in updated wording of Section 163 of Criminal Code 1. Simply modernizing the language of making it illegal to print, sell, or distribute crime comics 2. Canadian Business, Peter Nowak, Dec 6 2013 B. Firefighter Talk – New Orleans, Louisiana 1. Section 74-2 in the Code of Ordinances restricts cursing and reviling firefighters while actively performing their duties 2. Originally the same for police officers with 49-7 until Lewis v. the City of New Orleans in 1974, originally classified as “fighting words” C. Section 54 of Metropolitan Police Act of 1839 1. Prohibition of nuisances by persons in the thoroughfares. ...
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