...African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5(4), pp. 1266-1276, 18 February, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM ISSN 1993-8233 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Challenges and opportunities of Tanzanian SMEs in adapting supply chain management Sama Hamisi Procurement and Supplies Department, College of Business Education, Dodoma Campus, Dodoma, P. O. Box 2077, Tanzania. E-mail: samakicheche@yahoo.com. Tel: +255 755 292 850. Fax: +255 026 232 2121. Accepted 19 November, 2010 Around the globe, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have acquired a significant and pivotal position in the entire economic development process. Over the years, this sector had played a critical role in developing Tanzanian economy through creation of employment opportunities, income generation, equitable distribution of income whence contributing towards poverty alleviation. However, this sector suffers a number of challenges in domestic and global market competition, though, varieties of opportunities in adapting supply chain management exists. In today’s context of fast changing and dynamic economy and dominance of global supply chain systems, the SMEs in Tanzania, besides facing traditional hardships in finance, they misalliance the phenomenon of supply chain management thus fails to find proper place in the domestic and global supply chain leaving TNCs and MNCs to have a greater dominance. As Tanzania’s economic policy is about-turn...
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...1. Evaluation of the External Environment a. Introduction i. Apple Computers originated in Cupertino, California by three friends, Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, and Ronald Wayne. Wozniak was the computer nerd of the three and had been working on a computer design and once Jobs convinced him of finishing his model and selling it to the public the beginning of Apple computers was underway. On January 3, 1977 the hard work of the three friends became Apple Computer, Inc. Soon after Wayne sold his share back to Jobs and Wozniak. The two Steve’s continued on to create one of the most successful companies that would in future years be known for their computers, music devices, cell phones, and software worldwide. Apple took off after Wozniak’s Apple I adding numerous versions of the Apple, the Macintosh line, the iPod, iPhone, and iTunes products, and numerous other computer/software products to the Apple Computer, Inc. family. Apple has made its mark on the technology industry by continuing to be successful innovators that lead their numerous product markets. b. Identification of the Current Corporate Level Long-Term Strategies and Tactics ii. Apple has two major long-term strategies and tactics that they focus on. The first being strategic alliances that they have with IBM, Microsoft, and AT&T. The alliances they formed with IBM and Microsoft have enabled Apple to further their computer growth and guarantee software that is available and...
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...ics, which in turn has led to dramatic increases in wages for individuals with these skills.13 Employers that adopt new technology for any aspect of their operations will also have to consider how to tap into labor markets that have these new skills. Labor Unions Labor unions are legally protected entities that organize employees and bargain with management to establish terms and conditions of employment via a labor contract. About 12% of the labor force is unionized, with 7.4% unionization in the private sector and 36% in the public sector.14 Trends suggest a continued decline in private sector unionization as well as an increasing level of public sector unionization.15 Labor and management are required to bargain in good faith to try to reach agreement on the contract. Many staffing issues may be bargained, including staffing levels, location of facilities, overtime and work schedules, job descriptions and classifications, seniority provisions, promotions and transfers, layoffs and terminations, hiring pools, KSAO requirements, grievance procedures, alternative dispute resolution procedures, employment discrimination protection, and, very important, pay and benefits. Virtually all aspects of the staffing process are thus affected by negotiations and the resultant labor agreement. Labor unions thus have direct and powerful impacts on staffing and other HR systems. Even in nonunion situations the union influence can be felt through "spillover effects" in which management...
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...Quantitative Business Valuation Other Titles in the Irwin Library of Investment and Finance Convertible Securities by John P. Calamos Pricing and Managing Exotic and Hybrid Options by Vineer Bhansali Risk Management and Financial Derivatives by Satyajit Das Valuing Intangible Assets by Robert F. Reilly and Robert P. Schweihs Managing Financial Risk by Charles W. Smithson High-Yield Bonds by Theodore Barnhill, William Maxwell, and Mark Shenkman Valuing Small Business and Professional Practices, 3rd edition by Shannon Pratt, Robert F. Reilly, and Robert P. Schweihs Implementing Credit Derivatives by Israel Nelken The Handbook of Credit Derivatives by Jack Clark Francis, Joyce Frost, and J. Gregg Whittaker The Handbook of Advanced Business Valuation by Robert F. Reilly and Robert P. Schweihs Global Investment Risk Management by Ezra Zask Active Portfolio Management 2nd edition by Richard Grinold and Ronald Kahn The Hedge Fund Handbook by Stefano Lavinio Pricing, Hedging, and Trading Exotic Options by Israel Nelken Equity Management by Bruce Jacobs and Kenneth Levy Asset Allocation, 3rd edition by Roger Gibson Valuing a Business, 4th edition by Shannon P. Pratt, Robert F. Reilly, and Robert Schweihs The Relative Strength Index Advantage by Andrew Cardwell and John Hayden Quantitative Business Valuation A Mathematical Approach for Today’s Professional JAY B. ABRAMS, ASA, CPA, MBA McGRAW-HILL New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogota ´ Caracas Lisbon London...
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