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Case Citibank

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HECHOS ________________________________________________________

• First Seegers (FS) iba a evaluar el rendimiento y decidir las primas de los directores de las oficinas de California.

• James McGaran (JM) – director de una de las oficinas más importantes – antendiendo a criterios de resultados financieros estaba “sobre par” con prima máxima pero con el nuevo sistema de evaluación, el indicador “satisfacción del cliente” había conseguido un “bajo par”.

• Lisa Jonson (LJ): Jefa de zona que supervisaba a JM.

• Oficina del distrito financiero.

o La más importante: 15 personas, ingresos 6 m. $, benficios: 4,3 m. $.

o Base de clientes muy diversa.

o Competencia intensa.

o JM en Citibank desde 1985 (1992: dirigir oficina) con resultados financieros impresionantes.

o Indicadores no financieros: puntuaciones distintas a las financieras.

• El nuevo cuadro de evaluación.

o La estrategia de Citibank en Califronia era establecer una posición rentable en el segmento alto de mercado: atención personal cuidada y amplia selección de productos.

o Los indicadores financieros habían dominado la evaluación del rendimiento pero pensaban que eran insuficientes para comunicar la estrategia de alta calidad de servicio del banco.

o Nuevos indicadores que reflejaban las dimensiones competitivas más importantes de la estrategia del banco:

▪ Financieros. Ingresos totales y margen de beneficio.

▪ Implantación de la estrategia. Seguimiento de ingresos de diferentes segmentos. JM se centraba en los ingresos de la banca comercial- familias, negocios y profesionales.

▪ Satisfacción del cliente. FS lo consideraba crítico.

▪ Control de procesos de control interno. Valoraciones no cuantificables que determinaba subjetivamente el jefe del director de la oficina. Compromiso.

o Cada indicador se evaluaba “bajo par”; “par”; “sobre par”

o El jefe del director daba una puntuación global en cada uno de los seis componentes del cuadro, y asignaba una puntuación general al director de la oficina.

• Rendimientos e incentivos.

o Proceso de fijación de objetivos: Octubre FS y jefes de zona. Negociación Jefes Zona con Directores oficina. (Objetivos directores de oficina era iguales o superiores al jefe de zona).

o Objetivos de satisfacción de cliente y control: comunes a todas las oficinas.

o Ealuación trimestral.

o Evaluación del rendimiento al cierre del ejercicio: equipo encabezado por FS.

o Había una prima para os directores de oficina que dependía de su puntuación final en el cuadro de evaluación. (Evaluación “bajo par” no comportaba prima; “par” hasta 15% sueldo base y “sobre par” prima hasta 30%)

• Resultados de la oficina del distrito financiero.

o Resultado financieros impresionantes – 20% por encima de objetivo.

o Puntuaciones en implantación de estrategia entre “par” y “sobre par”

o Satisfacción del cliente “bajo par”.

o James podría conseguir como máximo “par”

o Su oficina era la mayor y la más difícil pro su clientela exigente y dura competencia.

o James trabajó mucho último trimestre para mejorar su puntuación.

o Si el equipo de evaluación del rendimiento otorgaba a James un “sobre par”, la gente podría pensar que la división no tomaba en serio sus indicadores no financieros.

o James era un punto de referencia para otros muchos directores.

¿Qué recomendarías hacer en la evaluación de James si fueras Lisa Johnson?, ¿Y si fueras Frits Seegers?

En mi opinión y si fuera Lisa Johnson creo que recomendaría posicionar “sobre par” la evaluación de James por varios motivos:

• Al ser un sistema nuevo de evaluación del desempeño, se puede entender que la inercia del sistema anterior no ha dejado ver la importancia de todos los indicadores y no solo de aquellos con los que más acostumbrados estaban orientados a conseguir como los resultados financieros.

• El hecho de que en todas las oficinas el indicador de satisfacción al cliente fuera común a todas las oficinas no podía considerarse justo porque en cada caso la tipología de clientes era distinta. En concreto en la oficina de James, eran muy exigentes.

• Aun así, tan pronto han sido conscientes de a marcha del indicador han intentado rectificar con éxito. La tendencia es positiva.

• Afecta a los resultados personales de la propia Lisa..

• El resto de indicadores son excelentes.

Si fuera Frits Seegers, creo que el planteamiento es distinto ya que su forma de proceder sin duda puede generar un precedente en el sistema y sobre todo puede traer como consecuencia la no credibilidad del sistema donde, a pesar de todo el control y seguimiento, al final se puede modificar una evaluación. Con esta decisión se corre el riesgo de desmotiva a James y habría que pensar en un nuevo posicionamiento o revisión del sistema de cara al nuevo año.

¿Te parece la satisfacción del cliente” un indicador apropiado para interpretar la calidad del trabajo de un Director de Oficina? ¿Y del caso de James?

Al ser un indicador donde no solo influye el trabajo desarrollado por James y su equipo sino también el de la parte de la central que presta soporte a dicha oficina, creo que no es del todo justo que este indicador sea determinante para interpretar la calidad del trabajo de un Director de Oficina. Quizá habría que orientarlo al cliente que efectivamente tiene un contacto directo con la propia oficina.

Por otro lado y tal y como he comentado antes, el hecho de que en todas las oficinas el indicador de satisfacción al cliente fuera común a todas las oficinas no podía considerarse justo porque en cada caso la tipología de clientes era distinta. En concreto en la oficina de James, eran muy exigentes. Es necesario un mayor análisis y detalle de este indicador.

¿Cuál es el objetivo de negocio de Citibank? ¿Y cómo trata de operativizarlos Frits Seegers?

La estrategia de Citibank en Califronia era establecer una posición rentable en el segmento alto de mercado: atención personal cuidada y amplia selección de productos. Citibank tenía como mercado objetivo los segmentos del mercado californiano especializados, con alto valor añadido. Su posicionamiento tenía como objetivo ser rentable en el segmento alto del mercado. Los clientes buscaban servicios muy especializados, con gran variedad de soluciones de alto valor añadido y con un trato personal cuidado.

Los indicadores financieros habían dominado la evaluación del rendimiento pero pensaban que eran insuficientes para comunicar la estrategia de alta calidad de servicio del banco. Para operativizar el objetivo de negocio se acude al establecimiento de un sitema de gestión del desempeño basado en unos indicadores que reflejaban las dimensiones competitivas más importantes de la estrategia del banco:

o Financieros. Ingresos totales y margen de beneficio.

o Implantación de la estrategia. Seguimiento de ingresos de diferentes segmentos. JM se centraba en los ingresos de la banca comercial- familias, negocios y profesionales.

o Satisfacción del cliente. FS lo consideraba crítico.

o Control de procesos de control interno. Valoraciones no cuantificables que determinaba subjetivamente el jefe del director de la oficina. Compromiso.

¿Cómo moverse entre la eficacia de esa implantación del nuevo indicador y la justicia del trato equitativo a James? ¿Qué dirán? Y ¿Qué dirá el…?

En muchas ocasiones cuando eres consciente de que has cometido un error, existe la tendencia de solventar la situación con algo que creemos justo pero que no deja de ser otro error y acabamos cometiendo por tanto dos errores.

En este caso es difícil rectificar ya que el mencionado criterio está puesto de forma homogénea en todas las oficinas y por tanto puede haber habido Directores de otras oficina que hayan centrado sus esfuerzos en este indicador por los motivos que sea.

Sobre ¿Qué dirán? Y ¿qué dirá el?, creo que en cualquier caso hay que se honestos con todo el personal afectado. Si se rectifica, hay que argumentarlo y ofrecer alguna compensación a los afectados. Si no se rectifica, hay que comunicarlo al afectado y tratar de explicar las medidas a adoptar en un futuro con el fin de motivar.

¿Cómo se comunica lo que sea a James McGaran? ¿A alguien más…?

Sea la que sea la decisión, hay que ser transparente en todo momento.

Si se le comunica que se entiende que ha habido un error pero que a pesar de eso no se modifica el sistema por coherencia con la decisión tomada en su día, hay que intentar hacer ver que se van a adoptar las medidas para solucionar el error de tal forma que puedan servir de motivación a James. En cualquier caso siempre en presencia de Lisa.

Si se le quiere comunicar que tendrá un “sobre par”, habrá que explicar claramente lo excepcional de la evaluación efectuada y la influencia que ha tenido en todo ello la valoración de Lisa. Por otro lado, sería bueno informar también de las medidas a adoptar para solventar el error y no perder así credibilidad en el sistema.

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