...Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways, which causes attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Asthma is such a common disease. There is no cure for asthma, but most people can control the condition and lead normal, active lives. Different things set off asthma attacks in different people. Smoke from cigarettes or a fire, air pollution, cold air, pollen, animals, house dust, molds, strong smells such as perfume or bus exhaust, wood dust, exercise, industrial chemicals all can trigger an attack. The symptoms of an asthmatic person are cough, sometime a cough that won`t go away is the only symptom of asthma. Asthma symptoms often happen at nigh and in the morning, but they can happen any time. They get worse when you are around your asthma triggers. “During sleep, the airways tend to narrow, which may cause increased airflow resistance. Shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity, Pulling in of the skin between the ribs when breathing intercostal retractions, Wheezing, Usually begins suddenly, Comes in episodes, May go away on its own, May be worse at night or in early morning, Gets worse when breathing in cold air, Gets worse with exercise, Gets worse with heartburn reflux, Gets better when using drugs that open the airways bronchodilators. Asthma affects people differently. Each individual is unique in their degree of reactivity to environmental triggers. This naturally influences the type and dose of medication prescribed...
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...Regulatory Issues in Health Care Fremgen (2009) defines medical laws or actions set by the federal government and the court system that have binding legal force that address legal rights and obligations affecting patients and protecting the individual rights of patients and health care employees. 50 state have statutes for medical practice acts which apply to precisely to the way that medicine is practiced in a particular state. Laws begin as act acts which define the meaning of “practice of medicine” and set the requirements and procedures for licensure. Medical practice acts also establish what can be considered as unprofessional conduct in particular states. Examples of unprofessional conduct include practicing medicine without a license, practicing healthcare or the inability to practice health care while under addiction or mental illness, felony convictions, insufficient record keeping, employing unlicensed persons to practice medicine, and prescribing drugs in excessive amounts. We currently live in a litigious society. Medical providers must balance providing quality and keeping abreast with current health care regulations to protect themselves from health care law suits (Fremgen, 2009). Laws are enforceable rules set by a government authority. An article related to a regulatory issue in health care will be analyzed to reflect how laws affect the regulatory process in health care. The Four Categories of Law Laws fall into different categories which include constitutional...
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...Health Laws and Regulations Melissa Rodriguez HCS/545 September 7, 2014 Louise Underdahl Introduction Laws and regulation in today’s health care is vast. The health and well-being of our society depends upon these laws and regulations. To try to understand and keep up with all of the laws and regulations would by a full time job. The information available is very vast and the types of laws and regulations can vary depending on what type of health care facility or physicians practice that are being addressed. The government whether it is local federal or state are where these laws and regulation are made and implemented. There are also private sectors and organizations who help to develop regulations. To try and understand what the laws or regulations are about or who or what they might be meant for, there needs to be an understanding of what the agencies are that regulate them. When we look at the federal jurisdiction there are some that once said many people are familiar with such as Center for Medicare and Medicaid, CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the FDA(Food and Drug Administration). The state level agencies would consist of the following, welfare department, insurance, and the health department. The private sector brings organizations in which play important roles when it comes to health care laws and regulations. The following are part of the private sector organizations NCQA (National Committee of Quality Assurance) and JCHAO (Joint...
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...FACHE Health Care Policy, Law, and Ethics (HAS 515) September 6, 2013 Introduction Fraud is defined as wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain. The term is usually associated with financial institutions or perhaps other types of businesses, but it’s not a term that is automatically associated with the health care field. Or at least some of us didn’t think so. However, the sad truth is that health care fraud costs the country an estimated $80 billion a year. It is a rising threat, with national health care spending rising to $2.7 trillion and expenses continuing to outpace inflation. The saddest element of this situation is that recent cases have shown that medical professionals are more willing to risk patient harm in pursuit of successfully executing their schemes. Health Care fraud is in the jurisdiction of the FBI. They are the primary agency responsible for investigating these types of cases, and also for exposing them. They are responsible for the federal and private insurance programs. As the Chief Medical Officer of a large Obstetrics Health Care Center, I am sadden and extremely angry to learn that these types of fraudulent activities are associated with my facility. As I investigate and learn more about the situation, I will also be exploring other topics as listed below. 1. Evaluate how the Healthcare Qui Tam affects health care organizations. 2. Provide four (4) examples of Qui Tam cases that exist...
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...Law and Ethics in Health Care Laws and ethical principles are essential for protecting the mankind, and they play a crucial role in the practice of health care. Laws and ethics play a vital role in cases such as organ donation, human genetics, and HIV/AIDS and confidentiality. The health care issue I selected for discussion is HIV/AIDS. In the case of HIV/AIDS patients, there is always ethical conflict of protecting the confidentiality of patient and disclosing the information to others about the risks of the disease. Salient Ethical and Legal Concerns Associated with HIV/AIDS As described by Pozgar (2013) one of the legal issues is the association between blood transfusion and HIV. Law suits often arise when a person with AIDA claims that he or she contracted the disease due to the administration of contaminated blood (Pozgar, 2013). Lawsuits commonly arise when there is transfusion of mismatched blood, improper screening, and improper storage procedures (Pozgar, 2013). Since May 1985, all blood donated in the United States are screened for HIV antibodies and even then patient’s may claim that they contracted the disease due to transfusion. Another legal and ethical issue is whether to allow the AIDS infected surgeons to perform surgeries. Pozgar (2013) described that the transmission of the virus from an infected surgeon to a patient is unlikely, but there is still a possibility. There is an ethical dilemma whether to allow these surgeons to perform surgeries...
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...Legal and Ethical Issues for Health Professionals Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Legal and Ethical Issues for Health Professionals Public Law and Private Law The law is a set of rules and regulations that are formulated by an authority and are applicable to a given community. According to Pozgar (2012), “the law is rooted in tradition, culture, customs, and beliefs” (p. 180). The primary difference between these two laws is based on who the act affects. If the action affects the society as a whole, then it is a public law but if the act only affects an individual or groups of persons, then it is a private law. Various Sources of Common Law Common law is regulated by customs and existing general principles (Shalhope, 2004). Common law can be derived from previous judicial decisions, statutory law, and administrative law (Pozgar, 2012). The common law that applies to the U.S. has its source in England. The law originated from the King’s court during the early middle ages. The common law has its root in the moral law. The U.S. has most of its common laws originate from the Ten Commandments. Res Judicata and Stare Decisis The Res Judicata principle states that once you file a case, you can not file a subsequent case (Morton, 2014). In the case where a plaintiff prosecutes a defendant for negligence and ends up getting a fair judgment may be barred by the principle from suing the same defendant for another action. According to Pozgar (2012), the Stare Decisis...
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...Assignment # 1- Law and Health Care Keisha Love Health Care Policy, Law and Ethics HSA515 Dr. Melody Princes-Kelley Thousand Oaks Campus January 23, 2012 1. Identify and explain the four elements of proof necessary for a plaintiff to prove a negligence case. A plaintiff suing for medical malpractice has the burden of proof to show the four elements necessary to prove negligence. The standard four-element account of negligence is duty of care, breach of duty, injury, and proximate cause. A person accused of malpractice can defend him or herself by showing that one of these elements is missing and/or by establishing an affirmative defense. “The existence of a duty of care exists because of the contractual relationship between the patient and the doctor, hospital, or other health care provider. When the physician-patient relationship is established, the physician has a duty to possess the medical knowledge required of a reasonably competent medical practitioner (health care provider) engaged in the same specialty. And possess the skills required of a reasonably competent health care practitioner engaged in the same specialty. Also exercise the care in the application of that knowledge and skill to be expected of a reasonably competent health care practitioner...
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...Assignment 1: Law and Healthcare HSA515 Health Care Policy, Law and Ethics January 22, 2012 Identify and explain the four elements of proof necessary for a plaintiff to prove a negligence case The first element that a plaintiff must prove is that the defendant owed him or her legal duty of care. Generally, this duty of care is a legal notion that states that people owe anyone around them or anyone who could be around them a duty to not place them in situations of undue risk of harm. Proving this element will largely depend on the facts of the situation. After the plaintiff has proved that a legal duty of care existed, he or she must then prove that this duty was breached. Generally, courts will use the standard of a ‘reasonable person’ when it comes to this question. Specifically, this means that the judge or jury must view the facts of the situation and decide what a reasonable person would have done in a similar situation. If this reasonable person would have acted differently than the defendant, it’s likely that it will be found that the duty was breached. Causation is the most complicated element of negligence. It means that the plaintiff must prove that the defendant either directly or indirectly caused the injuries and damages suffered by the plaintiff because of the breach of the duty of care. This element has confused even the most respected legal minds over time, and its proof should not be taken lightly. Last, a plaintiff in a negligence case must prove...
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...reference to vicarious liability and health and safety implications of his employees (3c) 7 5 Distinguish strict liability from general tortuous liability with reference to Prime Computers (3 d) 10 6 Explain and apply the various elements of the tort of negligence and analyse the practical applications of breach of duty and remoteness in the given situation (4 a, b) 11 7 Conclusion 15 8 Reference 16 Introduction As a legal executive in a firm of solicitors, some clients have approached and seeking advice on several claims and legal disputes, which have recently arisen to them. I am required to write a report for the following contents: 1. General tortuous liability in comparison to contractual liability. 2. Vicarious liability and health and safety issues. 3. Strict liability in comparison with general tortuous liability. 4. The various elements of the tort of negligence. Describe the nature of general tortuous liability comparing and contrasting to contractual liability (3a) A tort is a legal wrong, and the principle is the law gives various rights to person, such as right of a person in possession of land to occupy it without interference or invasion by trespassers. When such a right is infringed the wrongdoer is liable in tort. The law of tort is concerned really with a person’s responsibility to others. It applies to both individuals and companies. (Common Law, Introduction to Types of Torts, p....
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...Dealing with Fraud By: Kevin McCarthy To: Dr. Michelle Rose HSA 515 Health Care Policy, Law, and Ethics December 13, 2012 Abstract As the Chief Nursing Officer, I am responsible for one of the state’s largest Obstetric Health Care Centers. I have received word of some fraudulent behaviors in the center. I will evaluate how the Healthcare Qui Tam affects health care organizations. I will provide four (4) examples of Qui Tam cases that exist in a variety of health care organizations. I will devise a procedure for admission into a health care facility that upholds the law about the required number of Medicare and Medicaid referrals. I will recommend a corporate integrity program that will mitigate incidents of fraud and assess how the recommendation will impact issues of reproduction and birth. I will devise a plan to protect patient information that complies with all necessary laws. Evaluate how the Healthcare Qui Tam affects health care organizations Qui tam is shorthand for a Latin phrase that means “he who sues for the king as well as for himself.” In a qui tam case, the whistle – blower (aka relator) files the suit as a kind of “private attorney general” on behalf of the government. The government can choose to take over the prosecution, but if it declines to do so the relator can proceed alone (Showalter). Any person with information about health care fraud can be a qui tam plaintiff. Person is defined as “any natural person, partnership, corporation, association...
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...Week Two Wrap Up – The Fabric of Healthcare Law By Mary Nell Cummings In week two we discussed how legislation and other laws affect healthcare delivery. While there is no need to understand any law in detail at this point in the course, it is important to understand the source of law. Also, it is important to understand how law affects your organization, as well as how your organization complies with legal requirements. Finally, your understanding of the sources of law, and the process of regulation will help you to make good decisions as a health care administrator. The Sources of Law Many people believe that all law comes from the Congress or from state legislatures. They believe that law is synonymous with “statute” which is a particular kind of law – drafted, debated, and voted on by a group of legislators. This is of course, not correct. There are many other sources of law. There is the federal constitution, and the constitution of each state. There is law made through regulatory agencies (administrative law) and there is law made by judicial decision (common law). This combination of approaches and interests leads to the rich fabric that is simply described as healthcare law. Common Law Contract Law: Contract law is at the heart of healthcare delivery. Insurance companies enter into contracts with patients, providers, facilities, and governments (state and federal). Doctors and hospitals enter into contracts with one another. Unions and employers enter into contracts with...
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... HCS/335 Health Care Ethics and Social Responsibility February 22, 2015 William Bross Administrative Ethics When it comes to administrative ethics in the health care field, this is where ethics issues are being dealt with on a constant basis. The hard part is of keeping the ethical line between what is right and legal is not an easy thing to figure out. In this article, it talks about patients' confidentiality, and in this article it is about critical care providers are often privy to confidential information in the course of the clinic. The dilemma can arise when confidential information is requested by family members or friends of the patient. The Critical care nurses must be aware of the regulations regarding confidentiality, as well as situations where the use and disclosure of protected health information are permitted. (Critical Care Nurse.2012;32[5]:61-65) This is where the critical care nurses must take the Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act (HIPAA) laws on how important they are in the health care field, and to make sure that use the line between what is right with the confidentiality for their patients. When it comes to the health care field there are privacy and confidentiality that needs to be enforced to the areas where it comes patient privacy and confidentiality. However, in this paper the legal and ethical issues that arise from both sides, when each party is bound by separate laws, as well as what happens when these laws overlap the...
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...Texas Administrative Code Title 25. Health Services Part 1. Department of State Health Services Chapter 91. Cancer Subchapter A. Cancer Registry Effective Date: August 14, 2011 §91.1. Purpose. This subchapter implements the Texas Cancer Incidence Reporting Act, Health and Safety Code, Chapter 82. This legislation concerns the reporting of cases of cancer for the recognition, prevention, cure or control of those diseases, and to facilitate participation in the national program of cancer registries established by 42 United States Code, §§280e - 280e-4. Nothing in this subchapter shall preempt the authority of facilities or individuals providing diagnostic or treatment services to patients with cancer to maintain their own cancer registries. §91.2. Definitions. The following words and terms, when used in this subchapter, shall have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. (1) Act--The Texas Cancer Incidence Reporting Act, Texas Health and Safety Code, Chapter 82. (2) Branch--Cancer Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch of the department. (3) Cancer--Includes a large group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells; any condition of tumors having the properties of anaplasia, invasion, and metastasis; a cellular tumor the natural course of which is fatal, including intracranial and central nervous system malignant, borderline, and benign tumors as required by the national program of cancer registries; and malignant...
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...Process The Affordable Care Act ensures your right to appeal health insurance plan decisions which is when you ask that your plan to reconsider its decision to deny payment for a service or treatment. New rules that apply to health plans created after March 23, 2010 spell out how your plan must handle your appeal (usually called an “internal appeal”). If your plan still denies payment after considering your appeal, the law permits you to have an independent review organization decide whether to uphold or overturn the plan’s decision. This final check is often referred to as an “external review.” Many states offer help to consumers with health insurance problems. The Affordable Care Act improves these services with grants that help states start or strengthen Consumer Assistance Programs (CAPs). The states and territories that applied for these grants have received funds provide residents direct help with problems or questions about health coverage. Whether or not your state has a Consumer Assistance Program, you have rights under the health care law, including the right to appeal decisions made by your health insurance provider. If your state does not have a Consumer Assistance Program, some state and federal government offices may still be able to help you determine your rights and solve problems. Florida does not operate a Consumer Assistance Program under the Affordable Care Act. The new consumer protections and benefits of the law still apply to Joe. ...
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...End-of-life care is often associated with a myriad of legal/ethical requirements that medical practitioners have to comply with, failure to which there very grave consequences both to individuals and health care institutions. Advance directives comprises of one’s wish about his or her health care decision in case he or she is incapacitated to an extent that they cannot make their own health decisions. The common functions associated with advanced directives include consent and capacity, artificial feeding, life-sustaining treatment, basic care, withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining treatment, withdrawal of life-prolonging treatment, and euthanasia (assisted dying). Ideally, people usually tell doctors their wishes. However, in cases a person is not in a position to make their own health care decisions another means of communicating his decision are necessary (National Cancer Institute, 2011b). This is where advance directives come in. The two main types of advance directives are durable powers of attorney for health care and the living will. The...
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