...Yogesfary Thirumoorthy (ZP01520) Question 1 Definition of Litigation: A civil action brought before a court of law in which a plaintiff, a party who claims to have received damages from a defendant's actions, seeks a legal or equitable remedy. Definition of Mediation: A facilitative process for resolving disputes quickly and cheaply. Mediation aims to regulate the procedures and principles for resolving conflicts without recourse to courts; the goal is to arrive at a solution simply and easily Contrasting principles between litigation and mediation as per below table and will be explained in details as stated in Alternative Dispute Resolution in Industrial Disputes by Kamal Halili Hassan [2006] 5 MLJ xiii. NO | Litigation | Mediation | 1 | Interests accommodation | Rights enforcement | 2 | Value claiming | Value creating | 3 | Coercive & Binding | Voluntary & consensual | 4 | Due process of law | Procedural flexibility | 5 | Privity of involvement | Widely participatory | 6 | Formality | In formality | 7 | Norm imposing | Norm creating | 8 | Consistency and precedetial | Situation & Individualized | 9 | Act-centered | Person-centred | 10 | Fact-oriented | Relationship-oriented | 11 | Past focus | Future focus | 12 | Professionalised | Peer-based | 13 | Public & accountability | Private & Confidential | 14 | Adversarial | Collaborative | 1. Interest accommodation & Rights enforcement Mediation process has limited right of appeal...
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...GM1114 Relationship Management 2015 Course outline The course is divided into four modules Module 1 - RM Concepts, Module 2 - RM Applications in Consumer and Business Markets, Module 3 - RM Tools, Techniques and Technologies, and Module 4 - RM Implementation Module 1: Sessions 1-4 The Concept of Relationship Management Text: Chapters 1-4 This module focuses on the conceptual and theoretical foundations of RM. A number of theoretical perspectives developed in economics, law and social psychology are being applied in RM. These include transactions cost analysis, agency theory, relational contracting, social exchange theory, network theory, and inter-organizational exchange behavior. Resource allocation and resource dependency perspectives and classical psychological and consumer behavior theories have also been used to explain why organizations and consumers engage in relational behavior. An overview of these theories will help develop insights on RM from multiple perspectives. Session 1 : CRM : The Strategic Imperatives Reading – Chapter 1 Session 2: Conceptual Foundations of CRM Reading – Chapter 2 Session 3: Building Customer Relationships Reading – Chapter 3 Session 4: Economics of CRM Reading – Chapter 4 Additional Recommended Readings Module 1 Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., & Ilić, A. (2011). Customer Engagement: Conceptual Domain, Fundamental Propositions, and Implications for Research. Journal of Service Research, 14(3), 252271. Egol...
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...Multimedia University Bachelor of Accounting / Advanced Taxation BAC 4644 / Tutorial 1 Dr. Nakha Ratnam Somasundaram Sales tax and service tax Question 1 What do you understand by sales tax? Answer 1 It is form of indirect tax imposed on consumers and collected by enterprises. It is accounted by the enterprises to the Royal Malaysian Customs and Excise Department. Question 2 What is the scope of charge of the sales tax under the Sales tax Act of 1972 (as amended)? Answer 2 Section 6 imposes the tax. Under that section, sales tax shall be charged and levied on all taxable goods: a) Manufactured in Malaysia or acquired under the provisions of section 9 by a taxable person and sold used or disposed of by him, otherwise than by sale or disposal to a licenses manufacturer authorized by the Director General to acquire such goods without payment of tax b) Imported into Malaysia by any person for home consumption It is a single stage tax. A single stage tax means it is imposed only once. And it is imposed upon acquiring manufactured products from manufacturers or by Customs when the goods are imported from outside Malaysia into Malaysia. At the manufacturing stage, the tax is imposed at the output level. The taxes are collected and paid over to the Customs by the manufacture. In the case of import the importer would pay the tax to the Customs. However a manufacturer acquiring a product form another manufacturer for additional processing would...
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...PRACTICE QUESTIONS QUESTION 1: Consider a government that is contemplating introducing a gasoline tax to reduce gasoline consumption together with a (lump-sum) rebate to consumers to alleviate the negative e ect of the gasoline tax on their well-being. Use an indi erence curve map for two goods (gasoline and other goods) to show (a) the equilibrium if the rebate is based on the nal (post-tax) consumption of gasoline, (b) the equilibrium if the rebate is based on the original (pre-tax) consumption of gasoline, (c) that the government pays out more than it receives in tax revenues if the rebate is based on the original consumption of gasoline, and (d) that consumers are better o than before the tax if the rebate is based on the original consumption of gasoline. QUESTION 2: Consider an individual who consumes only two goods, x1 and x2 , and assume that the utility this individual receives from these goods (u) is given by: u = xa xb , where a > 0 and 1 2 b > 0. The individual's income is m = 100, and the prices of the two goods are p1 and p2 . (a) Derive the ordinary demand functions for both x1 and x2 . (b) Assume that a = b = 0:5 and p2 = 1 and consider an increase in p1 from 1 to 2. (i) Compute the compensating variation. (ii) Compute the equivalent variation. (c) Assume that a = b = 0:25 and p2 = 1 and consider a decrease in p1 from 2 to 1. (i) Compute the compensating variation. (ii) Compute the equivalent variation. QUESTION 3: Consider an individual...
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...Bernhofen, Rod Falvey, David Greenaway and Udo Kreickemeier. We are grateful to Daniel Bernhofen, Monika Mrázová and Tony Venables for helpful discussions. Dermot Leahy acknowledges the support of the Science Foundation Ireland Research Frontiers Programme (Grant MAT 017). y Department of Economics, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; tel.: +353 (0) 1-708 3786; e-mail: dermot.leahy@nuim.ie. z Address for Correspondence: Department of Economics, University of Oxford, Manor Road Building, Oxford, OX1 3UQ, U.K.; tel.: +44 (0)1865-271085; e-mail: peter.neary@economics.ox.ac.uk. 1 Introduction Oligopoly means competition among the few, and the study of markets with a relatively small number of large …rms is an...
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...MGT3110 Business and Society MODULE HANDBOOK 2013-2014 Module Leader (London): Dr. Andrea Werner Module Tutor (Dubai): Mr. Kieran Ross Middlesex University Dubai Business School Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION AND MODULE SUMMARY.............................................................3 Module aims .................................................................................................................3 Contacts .......................................................................................................................3 Module Website on MyUniHub .....................................................................................3 Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................4 Assessment Scheme ...................................................................................................4 Employability Skills.......................................................................................................4 Code of Conduct ..........................................................................................................5 2. LEARNING MATERIALS ............................................................................................6 3. TIMETABLE AND TEACHING PROGRAMME ...........................................................8 Lecture and Seminar Schedule.................................................................................... 8 Lectures...
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.... . . . Ricardo Caballero Ford International Professor of Economics Thesis Supervisor Accepted by. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Temin Elisha Gray II Professor of Economics Chairperson, Department Committee on Graduate Studies Essays in Banking and Risk Management by James Ian Vickery Submitted to the Department of Economics on August 15 2004, in partial fulllment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics Abstract This thesis consists of three essays at the intersection of banking, corporate nance and macroeconomics. Unifying the essays are two themes: rstly a focus on how rms (Chapter 1 and Chapter 2) and individuals (Chapter 3) insure against, and react to, sources of macroeconomic risk; secondly the role of nancial institutions in the transmission of macroeconomic shocks. Turning to specics, Chapter 1 is a theoretical and empirical examination...
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...1a) What is the purpose of an exclusion clause in an agreement? An exclusion clause is basically a section in the contract that limits or excludes or appears to limit or exclude any form of liability for breach of contract. Many contracting parties will use this technique to avoid liability for breach of contract. An exclusion clause may go as far as to completely exclude any liability or may just limit the amount or form of liability to certain amount. Exclusion clauses most commonly appear in standard form contracts. In contracts were the terms are already set, and they form a kind of 'take it or leave it' contract, where there is no negotiation of the terms. Whereas in the contract above is to put Petaling Jaya Forwarding Sdn. Bhd. Fully and solely liable should any damage or loss happen to the vessel “Hang Tuah” thus making it not seaworthy. If the said condition happen during transportation or during handling by Petaling Jaya Forwarding Sdn. Bhd., The owners “ West Port Shipyard Sdn Bhd” will be claiming for it from Petaling Jaya Forwarding. 1b) Is it necessary that an exclusion clause must be one of the terms of an agreement In these events, an exclusions clause is a must. The exclusion clause is used to protect the owner of the vessel should any loss or damage to the vessel occurred during handling by Petaling Forwarding. Petaling Forwarding will have to pay or bear the cost for making good of the vessel. The existence of...
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...I. IDENTIFICATION Title of Case: A Case Study of the Rocketing Price of Onions in Malaysia Author(s): Prof. Dr. Syed Omar Syed Agil ; Nurul Iman Suhaimi ; Mirza Fareed Beg Universiti Tun Abdul Razak Institution: V. SYPNOPSIS OF CASE This case is about the impact of skyrocketing price of onions on consumer and food business operators. It described decisions being made by consumers and business operators with the change in prices of onions. The case also briefly highlights the role of government and the situation in which it can intervene in price control. VII. TEACHING OBJECTIVES OF THE CASE AND/OR KEY ISSUES 1. Students learn about the laws of demand and supply and apply factors that can cause demand and supply to shift. 2. `Students learn to use the concept of elasticity of demand to explain the consumer behavior in response to changes in the price of goods. 3. As a quantitative tool for decision making on prices, quantity and revenues. Students learn the applications of relationship between elasticity of demand and total revenues of a firm. 4. Students learn how to apply demand and supply to analyze the impact of changes in market conditions such as price and quantity. 1 ======================================================================= ROCKETING PRICE OF ONIONS ================================================================= PROLOGUE Weng Li and his colleagues usually hung out at Restoran Ali Kaya for lunch. They enjoyed he food there very...
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...Jovie Alvarez ID No. 3109617 Diploma of Marketing (BSB51207) Competencies: BSBMKG514A – Implement and Monitor Marketing Activities BSBMKG515A – Conduct a Marketing Audit Case Study 1: Chapter 3 – Portfolio Models (review questions 1-3, page 64) The ABC Cheese Factory – Case Questions (page 65) BSBMKG514A – Implement and Monitor Marketing Activities BSBMKG515A – Conduct a Marketing Audit 1 Jovie Alvarez ID No. 3109617 Chapter 3 – Portfolio Models (review questions 1-3, page 64) 1. What is a portfolio model and how is it used? Is a visual tool for diverse companies to review: – – – all businesses together; where growth is expected (resources needed); and returns generated (cash produced). It provides the decision maker with a starting point for decisions regarding: – – – strategic business units (SBU) retention or deletion general strategic direction (growth, maintenance, deletion) for each SBU resource allocation/redistribution decisions. 2. Using the BCG model: a. Draw and label all parts of the model HIGH 20% STARS QUESTION MARKS MARKET GROWTH (position in the product category life cyle) MED. 10% CASH COWS LOW 0% 10X 1.0X DOGS 0.1X RELATIVE MARKET SHARE (SBU’s market share compared to the largest competitor in the same market) BSBMKG514A – Implement and Monitor Marketing Activities BSBMKG515A – Conduct a Marketing Audit 2 Jovie Alvarez ID No. 3109617 b. Explain each quadrant...
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...AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES Programme : B.ACC Level of study : 2 Time : 2:30pm – 5:30pm Date : 9.11.2009 Duration : 3 hours Section(s) : 1-2 Course Code : ACC 2501 Course Title : Company Accounting (This Question Paper Consists of 9 Printed Pages With 4 Questions) DO NOT OPEN UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO INSTRUCTION(S) TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. Answer ALL Questions Workings must be shown clearly ANY FORM OF CHEATING OR ATTEMPT TO CHEAT IS A SERIOUS OFFENCE WHICH MAY LEAD TO DISMISSAL APPROVED BY: Question 1 The following are the summarized accounts and financial information in respect of Ameen Berhad. Income Statement for the Year Ended 31 December 2007 RM Revenue: Net sales Dividend income Interest income Total revenue and gains Costs and expenses: Cost of sales Operating expenses (including depreciation) Interest expense Income Taxes RM 7,678,000 120,000 102,000 7,900,000 4,582,000 1,479,000 260,000 520,000 Total cost, expenses and losses Net Income (6,841,000) 1,059,000 Additional information on the balances for non-current assets, non-current liabilities and equity: 31 Dec. 2007 RM 2,344,000 31 Dec. 2006 RM 1,788,000 690,000 Nil Ordinary shares of 50 sen each (Note 7) 1,400,000 1,000,000 Reserves (Note 8) 1,271,000 262,000 Nil 400,000 439,000 400,000 Property, plant and equipment (Note 6) Investment 10% Convertible Debentures...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Main Issues ….3 3.0 Analysis of Revenue, Fixed Costs, Variable Costs and Income Statement before adjusted 5 3.1 Revenue 5 3.2 Fixed Costs 6 3.3 Variable Costs 7 3.4 Income Statement 9 4.0 Case Questions and Answers 11 4.1 How lucrative is the petrol station business? 11 4.2 Since the margin on fuel business is very low (6%) compared to convenience store (20%), do you agree that the convenience store subsidizing the fuel business?.........................................................................................................13 4.3 If the government raised the RON95 price to RM2.10, do you anticipate the profitability of the business will be eroded? 15 4.4 If a credit card sale is reduced from 40% to 20%, what is the effect on overall profitability? ……16 4.5 What is the appropriate basis to allocate the cashier cost between the four products RON95, RON97, Diesel and SelesaMart................................................22. 4.6 Is utility cost fixed or variable? What difference does it make to the breakeven point of RON95 if it is classified as (i) fixed cost, and (ii) variable cost? 23 5.0 Conclusion 25 1. INTRODUCTION GEZ Bhd which is a major oil company in Malaysia has been developed and operated the petrol stations under three basic concepts, which are namely Company Owned Station (COS), Partially Company Owned Station (PCOS) and Dealer Built...
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...This article was downloaded by: [UNISA University South Africa] On: 13 February 2012, At: 22:32 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Technology Analysis & Strategic Management Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ctas20 Building Innovation Networks: Issues of Strategy and Expertise Lisa Harris, Anne-Marie Coles & Keith Dickson Available online: 25 Aug 2010 To cite this article: Lisa Harris, Anne-Marie Coles & Keith Dickson (2000): Building Innovation Networks: Issues of Strategy and Expertise, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 12:2, 229-241 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713698468 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/ terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be...
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...Financial Economics 60 (2001) 187}243 The theory and practice of corporate "nance: evidence from the "eld John R. Graham , Campbell R. Harvey * Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02912, USA Received 2 August 1999; received in revised form 10 December 1999 Abstract We survey 392 CFOs about the cost of capital, capital budgeting, and capital structure. Large "rms rely heavily on present value techniques and the capital asset pricing model, while small "rms are relatively likely to use the payback criterion. A surprising number of "rms use "rm risk rather than project risk in evaluating new investments. Firms are concerned about "nancial #exibility and credit ratings when issuing debt, and earnings We thank Franklin Allen for his detailed comments on the survey instrument and the overall project. We appreciate the input of Chris Allen, J.B. Heaton, Craig Lewis, Cli! Smith, Jeremy Stein, Robert Taggart, and Sheridan Titman on the survey questions and design. We received expert survey advice from Lisa Abendroth, John Lynch, and Greg Stewart. We thank Carol Bass, Frank Ryan, and Fuqua MBA students for help in gathering the data, and Kathy Benton, Steve Fink, Anne Higgs, Ken Rona, and Ge Zhang for computer assistance. The paper has bene"ted from comments made by an anonymous referee, the editor (Bill Schwert), as well as Michael Bradley, Alon Brav, Susan Chaplinsky, Magnus Dahlquist, Gene Fama...
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...Economics 60 (2001) 187}243 The theory and practice of corporate "nance: evidence from the "eldଝ John R. Graham , Campbell R. Harvey * Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02912, USA Received 2 August 1999; received in revised form 10 December 1999 Abstract We survey 392 CFOs about the cost of capital, capital budgeting, and capital structure. Large "rms rely heavily on present value techniques and the capital asset pricing model, while small "rms are relatively likely to use the payback criterion. A surprising number of "rms use "rm risk rather than project risk in evaluating new investments. Firms are concerned about "nancial #exibility and credit ratings when issuing debt, and earnings ଝ We thank Franklin Allen for his detailed comments on the survey instrument and the overall project. We appreciate the input of Chris Allen, J.B. Heaton, Craig Lewis, Cli! Smith, Jeremy Stein, Robert Taggart, and Sheridan Titman on the survey questions and design. We received expert survey advice from Lisa Abendroth, John Lynch, and Greg Stewart. We thank Carol Bass, Frank Ryan, and Fuqua MBA students for help in gathering the data, and Kathy Benton, Steve Fink, Anne Higgs, Ken Rona, and Ge Zhang for computer assistance. The paper has bene"ted from comments made by an anonymous referee, the editor (Bill Schwert), as well as Michael Bradley, Alon Brav, Susan Chaplinsky, Magnus Dahlquist...
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