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Case Study 8 Godfrey

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Case study 8.1 Pengungkapan tanggungjawab lingkungan Di seluruh dunia, perusahaan dituntut untuk memenuhi tingkat yang lebih tinggi dari pengungkapan tanggungjawab lingkungan ... Di amerikaserikat, misalnya, as standar akuntansi keuangan papan (fasb) menerbitkan ketentuan pada tahun 2002 untuk akuntansi untuk kewajiban lingkungan pada aset yang pension dari layanan. Penyisihan akuntansi untuk kewajiban penghentian pengoperasian asset perusahaan yang diperlukan untuk memesan kewajiban lingkungan yang terkait dengan pension akhirnya asset jika nilai pasar wajar dapat ditaksir secara wajar.

Maksud dari putusan itu pengungkapan, tapi sifat bersyarat memperkirakan nilai pasar wajar yang disebabkan perusahaan untuk mengambil posisi bahwa mereka bias menunda kewajiban mereka tanpa batas dengan 'mothballing' property terkontaminasi. Perusahaan secara efektif menunda pengakuan kewajiban lingkungan mereka tanpa adanya tertunda atau litigasi diantisipasi.

Awal tahun ini, fasb menjelaskan niatnya dengan memberikan interpretasi yang mengatakan perusahaan memiliki kewajiban hokum untuk cadangan untuk kewajiban lingkungan dan lainnya yang berhubungan dengan pension akhirnya fasilitas manufaktur atau bagian dari fasilitas, bahkan ketika waktu atau metode penyelesaian yang pasti. Antara contoh yang diberikan oleh fasb:
- pabrik asbes yang terkontaminasi tidak dapat hanya 'mothballed' tanpa cadangan cukup untuk menutup biaya akhirnya menghapu sasbes.
-reserves harus ditetapkan hari ini untuk pembuangan akhir masih-di-gunakan, kreosot-direndam tiang listrik

Sebagai hasil dari apa yang mungkin tampak seperti teknis re-interpretasi kecil, perusahaan mungkin harus mengakui segera jutaan dolar dalam kewajiban dalam laporan laba rugi mereka untuk mematuhi perubahan ini.

Di eropa, regulator juga melakukan upaya untuk mempromosikan keterbukaan, pada tahun 2001, komisi eropa promulgaledketat, bimbingan non-biding untuk mengungkapkan biaya lingkungan dankewajiban, dan berbagai negara di eropa telah mengeluarkan persyaratan tambahan yang terkait dengan pengungkapan lingkungan. Pada tahun 2002, lembaga kanada akuntan carteran diterbitkan bimbingan sukarela yang menekankan pentingnya mengungkapkan semua risiko material, termasuk kewajiban lingkungan, dalam laporan tahunan perusahaan.

Beberapa lembaga keuangan juga telah berjanji untuk mematuhi prinsip-prinsip inisiatif internasional seperti prinsip khatulistiwa, yang factor pertimbangan lingkungan dan social kedalam menilai risiko proyek. Juga, sekelompok dana pensiun, yayasan, investor eropa dan harta negara bagian as telah mendukung upaya pbb untuk mempromosikan tingkat minimum pengungkapan pada isu-isu lingkungan, social dan tata kelola.

Pengakuan kewajiban lingkungan juga segera muncul masalah untuk perusahaan di asia. Sementara isu-isu lingkungan mungkin telah mengambil kursi kembali kecepat ekonomi, pembangunan selama 20 tahun terakhir, bahwa situasi dapat berubah sebagai undang-undang dan peraturan mengejar ketinggalan dengan perkembangan.
Tanggungjawab untuk mengungkapkan tanggungjawab lingkungan masa depan jelas merupakan masalah yang berkembang untuk perusahaan di seluruh dunia. Namun, secara akurat memperkirakan biaya pembersihan bukanlah tugas yang mudah karena kontaminan yang tidak diketahui, kewajiban warisan yang berhubungan dengan property sebelumnya dioperasikan, perubahan peraturan atau klaim yang tak terduga terkait dengan kerusakan sumber daya alam.

Pertanyaan
1. Artikel menyatakan bahwa standar as setter fasb mengharuskan perusahaan untuk mencatat ketentuan dalam kaitannya dengan biaya lingkungan pension aset ('untuk memesan kewajiban lingkungan') jika nilai wajar dapat ditaksir secara wajar. Bagaimana menurut anda perusahaan akan pergi tentang memperkirakan ketentuan tersebut?
2. Apa aspek persyaratan yang digunakan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan as untuk menunda pengakuan kewajiban?
3.jauh bagaimana pengakuan kewajiban dalam kaitannya dengan kegiatan restorasi masa depan mempengaruhi (a) laba bersih pada tahun ini dan tahun-tahun mendatang
(b) arus kas pada saat ini dan masa yang akan datang?
4. Artikel mengacu pada perubahan dalam persyaratan pengungkapan yang berkaitan dengan kewajiban lingkungan di banyak negara diseluruh dunia. Betapa pentingnya adalah bahwa perusahaan mengakui kewajiban? Sejauh mana pengungkapan tentang kewajiban yang cukup?

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