...Counseling African Americans A multicultural competent counselor is, someone who’s able to work efficiently with groups of students from culturally distinct groups (Thomas & Vines, 2008). Furthermore, culture competency plays a key role in how counselors diagnose and treat their patients from any background or culture. The (Surgeon General, 2001) broadly defines culture as a common heritage or set beliefs, norms and values. Culture applies to all groups of people but unfortunately; there are major mental health disparities amongst minority individuals compared to white individuals. According to the Surgeon General (2001), ethnic minorities have less access to mental health services than their white counterparts. Additionally, minorities are...
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...The result of their study showed that African American and Hispanics believed that alcohol, drugs, or chemicals never cause birth defects (with a mean of 2.95 and 2.36 to each ethnic group respectively). For the Caucasians, they relate birth defects more on the use or exposure to drugs or alcohol while pregnant, breathing or in contact with chemicals, and inheriting chromosomes from parents. For the African American women, behavior during the pregnancy period will greatly affect occurrence of birth defects. They believe that birth defects happen if during pregnancy, the pregnant woman worry about loved one with a disorder, eats the wrong food, watches horror movies, looks at animals, think bad thoughts, worry or felt scared, or, exposed to lunar eclipse. Furthermore, they relate birth defects on casting an evil eye or a spell to a pregnant woman, or god is punishing the parents for the sins they committed. Also, movement of wind or cold air through the pregnant woman’s body, disharmony of the fetus, and handling scissors during pregnancy are other health beliefs they also relate. However, the study showed that African Americans and Hispanics both agree that intercourse during pregnancy is attributed to birth defects, as well (Cohen et.al,...
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...events have become a focus of the mental health counseling profession? In addition to social support, research shows that many people suffer severe trauma from a natural disaster that require will require mental health care. After a natural disaster, individuals may suffer from anxiety, anger, sleeplessness, hopelessness, and depression. As an example, Aten, Topping, Denney & Hosey (2011) conducted a study at a local church, and examined the psychological effects of Hurricane Katrina on the lives of African Americans. They found that many of the participants reported that they felt overwhelmed by the mental health problems that their congregation and community members were bringing to them for help. The majority of participants reported a need and readiness for education and training, targeting disaster mental health-related issues. However, in most cases mental health counselors are not adequately trained to handle such events; for the most part most counselors go to workshops to better equipment themselves for such cases. In most situations victims continue to live with these burdens and never seek help; for the most part it is all summed up by “pride”. Society prides them and seeks cover from behavior health because of the stigma that is put out from others. Whatever the case may be the growing number of needed crisis counselors is astonishing, but through Walden which offers a specialization in trauma and crisis counseling in turn could help any counselor; whether it is...
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...Capella University Course- HS 854- Child and Adolescent Counseling Topic: Project Case Study - Shayla Abstract This case study is about a 4 yr old African American boy whose parent is going through a contentious divorce. Shayla is a fraternal twin whose aggressive behavior in school has attracted the attention of teachers and parents to seek counseling. Using two theories (Developmental and Cognitive) to address client’s need, Shayla has been diagnosed with depression and anxiety disorder. The etiology of client’s behavior was determined including the strength and weakness of therapeutic approach. Shayla family unit was consider owing to the fact that her mother is African American and wanted to marry a Latino American. Due to the dynamic of Shayla’s family composition different family systems such as (systemic, traditional and strategic) were consider for proper adjustment. Proper diagnosis were assessed, reviewed and evaluated for mental health treatment team professionals to follow. There are ethical and legal guidelines associated with treatment such confidentiality, informed consent and right to privacy. Table of Content Project topic --------------------------- page 1 Abstract ----------------------------------page 2 Table of content -------------------------page 3 Theories...
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...A reparation for women could take shape in form of the HR 40 bill that was exploring reparations for African Americans. In would study colonial rape and its effects that still remain, as well as possible reparations. The study would show colonial society allowing the complete exploitation of women and the cultural conditioning made a majority of America place the blame on the women. Further study would assert that despite women being more in control of their bodies and marital rape has been outlawed since the nineteen-eighties (CITE). The report rate of sexual assault is still low and stems from the same reasons from the past. In two-thousand-fifth-teen, a poll was taken that over hundred rapes, only thirty-two are reported. Out of those thirty-two,...
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...disturbances, pain, cognitive problems and emotional changes( Naismith, Trinkau, and Cross, 2006) In 1999 empirical studies began to report an increase in the number of African Americans diagnosed with MS which were documented in the recent studies( Holland, Gray, and Pierce, 2011; National MS Society, 2015). This issue is important because of the aggressive advancement, which occurs for African Americans diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to Caucasians. The results of the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) found significantly more lesions associated with the aggressive form of the illness in the brains of African Americans compared to Caucasians ( Howard et al., 2012). What are African Americans with MS experiences with social workers since being diagnosed? What are the social worker's perceptions of how African Americans with MS cope...
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... HIV has killed millions of people around the world. African Americans living in the United States represent one of the groups that are adversely affected by HIV. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) refers to a virus that attacks one’s immune system which represents the natural defense system of a human body. When this defense system becomes weak, the body becomes susceptible to various diseases and infections. The virus that attacks the immune system as well as the infection that affects the body as a result of the weak immune system is called HIV. In 2014 alone, 5,128 African American women were diagnosed with HIV compared to 1,483 white women and 1,350 Latino/Hispanic women in the USA (CDC, 2016). This study is going to investigate the problem of HIV among this vulnerable population. The study will also investigate the risk factors of HIV among this population. Finally, the study is going to discuss the nursing implications. Problems, Susceptibility, Exposures and Frequency An earlier report by Global-Campaign in 2006 indicated that of the total population of the United States, African Americans only account for 13 percent. However, African Americans account for more than half of all the new HIV cases in the U.S. especially the women, making them a vulnerable community (Ragsdale-Hearns, 2012). This high frequency rates among them is due to various problems and high exposures to HIV/AIDS. For instance, African American heavily inhabited areas in the USA are known for high...
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...Introduction Smoking is one of the biggest health problems seen throughout the United States. It is estimated that cigarette smoking contributes to around 450,000 deaths every year and cost the U.S. $193 billion annually in direct medical expenses and lost productivity (Porter 2013). Cigarette smoking is an addictive habit and for the majority of smokers is very hard to quit, especially by themselves. It is difficult if one is a non-smoker to grasp and understand the dynamics of the addiction and successful quitting usually requires a significant amount of assistance and support. Nurse practitioners are there to provide professional assistance by helping patients take the appropriate steps and measures to ensure their success in smoking cessation. Difficulty of Smoking Cessation In general, most people who smoke know smoking is bad for their health and can contribute to many other health problems and even death, so why can’t they just quit? If it were that easy there would be significantly less smokers in this country. The problem is not the desire to quit but rather the actual act of stoping smoking for good. The fact of reality is there are plenty of smokers out there who want to quit but just can’t due to the complexity and addictive nature of the habit. The three main components of tobacco smoke include; tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine (McEwen 2014). Most of the health issues that arise from smoking cigarettes are directly linked to tar and carbon monoxide components...
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...Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists American Psychological Association Approved as APA Policy by the APA Council of Representatives, August, 2002 Copyright, American Psychological Association, 2002 Author Note: This document was approved as policy of the American Psychological Association (APA) by the APA Council of Representatives in August, 2002. This document was drafted by a joint Task Force of APA Divisions 17 (Counseling Psychology) and 45 (The Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues). These guidelines have been in the process of development for 22 years, so many individuals and groups require acknowledgement. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for the present document included Nadya Fouad, PhD, Co-Chair, Patricia Arredondo, EdD, Co-Chair, Michael D’Andrea, EdD and Allen Ivey, EdD. These guidelines build on work related to multicultural counseling competencies by Division 17 (Sue et al., 1982) and the Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development (Arredondo et al., 1996; Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). The Task Force acknowledges Allen Ivey, EdD, Thomas Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue, PhD for their leadership related to the work on competencies. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for these guidelines was assisted in reviewing the relevant literature by Rod Goodyear, PhD, Jeffrey S. Mio, PhD, Ruperto (Toti) Perez, PhD, William Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue...
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...INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY With the introduction of the new national policy on education in 1977, guidance and counseling became an important issue in our schools system. Since then, guidance and counseling has been a regular topic in our dailies conferences and seminars. For example, Nnadi (1984). Stressed its importance in our educational system and the priority that should be given to it in out schools because of its usefulness in transition in the various stages of education. Also, Nwabuisi (1984), emphasized on the necessity of proper guidance programme in schools if the current national policy on education is to have the desired impact. Perhaps, Durojaiye's (1972), Stand on the issue of guidance and counseling in our schools was one of the factors that influenced the formulation of the aspect of the new national policy on education that deals with guidance programme in schools today. Taking into consideration, our rapid educational and economic growth, he emphasized on the need for guidance and counseling in our educational policy. In his words; "We can see that the need for guidance and counseling in Nigeria becomes increasingly pressing as economic and educational strides are being made in the country. Each student needs to be helped to strengthen his abilities to make nice choices and to face problems encountered in society. Those who fall by the way side because of physical, intellectual or emotional inadequacy particularly need guidance"(p.72). In...
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...University MGT 510 Executive Summary This proposal addresses the gap in homeownership rates between whites and minorities. According to the United States Census Bureau, 67.9 percent of the population in the United States are homeowners. However, while 71.8% of Whites are homeowners, only 47.3% of African Americans and 48.2% of Hispanics are homeowners. This large gap in homeownership rates can be contributed to discrimination by lenders and minorities’ misconceptions about the lending process. To overcome these issues, lenders need to eliminate discrimination and reach out to minorities. Ultimately, lenders who discriminate are going to hurt their own bottom lines since minorities represent a large market that has the high potential for growth. Introduction: Homeownership is the “American Dream” Housing has often been referred to as the #1 creator of wealth in the United States. It has been called, (1) the leading consumer product, (2) the leading consumer investment, and (3) a leading economic driver. Homeownership, in short, is the “American Dream.” It creates wealth. If you purchase a home today, with appreciation and through upkeep, it will be more valuable in the future. That appreciation provides homeowners with opportunities to create wealth. According to the Perlo (2003), in the latest Survey of Consumer Finances, published by the Federal Reserve Board, the...
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...The American Counseling Association (ACA) has officially approved the multicultural competencies and has put much more emphasis on these competencies. Unlike the ACA, the American Psychological Association (APA), however, has only established non-obligating instructional rules for multicultural competencies (Ridley & Kleiner, 2003). Nonetheless, a noteworthy period of progress came forth with the publication of the “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists” (American Psychological Association [APA], 2003). Supporters of multiculturalism worked together to incorporate and combine multiculturalism into the field of psychology and specific for APA (Arredondo & Perez,...
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...GENETIC COUNSELING IN NURSING AND ETHICS Hyang Ko Azusa Pacific University Abstract The current development of genetic information and technique leaves us assignments. It is included ethical issues, roles of nurses, and the responsibilities in healthcare professionals. In order to understand nurses’ role and responsibilities and to provide genetic counseling, two research article with text books were reviewed. There were conflicts within ethical principles and nurses’ obligation. Each principle is important but one principle is superior to others when healthcare professionals make a decision in a certain context. It is necessary that genetic counseling is provided to patients and their family when healthcare professionals deal with genetic information. The two research articles empathized that experienced nurses are excellent candidates in genetic counseling within healthcare professionals by being educated, trained about genetic information. Genetic Counseling in Nursing and Ethics Definitions of Genetics and Genetic Counseling Officially, the terms of Genetics and genetic counseling is defined by Wekipidia as below: Genetics, a discipline of biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics). Genetic counseling is the process by which patients or relatives, at risk of an inherited disorder, are advised of the consequences and nature of the disorder, the probability of developing or transmitting...
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...Asian American Population Project Name:_Janice Reynolds_Unit 6, Korn_Leslie_ Capella University COUNS 5334 March 14, 2011 Janice Reynolds Abstract This Asian American Population project will critically evaluate the theories, methods and research in cross-cultural awareness that relates to the Asian American Population. This Asian American Population project t will analyzed the influence of culture on attitudes, values, perceptions, human behavior and the interpersonal relations to the Asian American Population. The writer will identify potential problem that Asian Americans encounter in a pluralistic society such as the United States of America. The personal competencies will be identified and analyzed to improve interaction with Asians American within a counseling professional setting. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Title Page 1 2. Abstract 2 3. Introduction 4 4. Define Asian American 5 5. Historical Antecedents 6 6. Potential Problems 7 7. Educational Reflection 8 8. Personal Competencies 8 10. Theories Identity Formation 9 11. Action Plan 10 12. References 11 13. Annotated Bibliography 12 In Espiritu (1992) as the United States becomes an increasingly diverse society, the need for understanding the psychological impact of the immigrant and second-generation experience...
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...Nichelle Langford BSHS/322 Client Rec Paper: Retain, Refer, or Release 1 Dec 11 – 30 Jan 12 Case Study 1 Location: Family Support Services Center Staff member: Tom Martin * Demographics * Age: 32 * Gender: Male * Marital status: Divorced * Race or ethnicity: Caucasian * Years with agency: 4 * Staff member history and current assessment * Employed as an individual counselor for adult clients * Considered an adequate, but not outstanding, counselor * Two previous client complaints that could not be substantiated * A review of Tom’s previous case files shows four female clients who terminated counseling with no explanation * Female client of Tom has informed supervisor that he had made inappropriate sexual comments, bought her presents, had one out-of-office date’, and implied that he could help get custody of her children back from protective service with a favorable treatment report * Tom initially denied these accusations when they were presented to him but does admit that he is attracted to client Recommendation: Release; probation. My recommendation would be to have a full investigation on the claims of the client. There is nothing wrong with being attracted to your client as long as you never voice that attraction or act upon it. While the investigation is open, Mr. Martin should be supervised while with his clients. Strategies: My only strategies for dealing...
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