...The purpose of this paper, prepared by Jessica Chan under the supervision of Robert F. Bruner is about analyzing the companies Coca Cola and Pepsi after Pepsi has announced a merger with Quaker Oats Company with a deal at around $14 billion. With this deal Pepsi would have access to 83.6% of the sport drink market and around 33% of the U.S. noncarbonated-beverage market, followed by Coke with 21%. The paper wants to answer the questions how the latest announcement of Pepsi has an effect on the two companies´ prospects for value creation by showing the company background of both companies, giving a briefly industry overview of the beverage market and competitive events and establishing a financial comparison, especially with ratio and economic profit analysis. In the world Coca Cola and Pepsi have towered as the two leading brands of beverages. In the year 2000, Coca Cola was the largest manufacturer, distributor, marketer of soft-drink concentrates and syrups in the world and its market value reached $110.01 billion. On the other side Pepsi was a $20 billion worth company in 2000, acting in the snack food, soft drink and noncarbonated beverage market. Both companies have reached worldwide expansion of their markets, which include a large product range of beverages, apparel and paraphernalia with their respective logos. Both have grown into longstanding global and social industry leaders. Coca Cola´s annual sales were $20.5 billion which were earned also through a variety of...
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...arguments for approval of the project. On the other hand, the current market for commercial airplanes was depressed because of terrorism risks, war, and SARS, a contagious illness that resulted in global travel warnings. Boeing’s board of directors would need to weigh those considerations before granting final approval to proceed with the project. The task for students is to evaluate the 7E7 project against a financial standard, the investors’ required returns. The case gives internal rates of return (IRR) for the 7E7 project under base-case and alternative forecasts. The students must estimate a weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) for Boeing’s commercial-aircraft business segment in order to evaluate the IRRs. As a result of that analysis, the students identify the key value drivers and distinguish, on a qualitative basis, the key gambles that Boeing is making. The general objective of this case is to exercise students’ skills in estimating a weighted-average cost of capital and cost of equity. The need for students to estimate a segment WACC draws out their abilities to critique different estimates of beta and to manipulate the levered-beta formulas. Boeing competes in both the commercial aircraft and the defense business. Thus, deriving the appropriate benchmark WACC for the 7E7 project requires isolating the commercial aircraft component from Boeing’s overall corporate WACC. In doing so,...
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...arguments for approval of the project. On the other hand, the current market for commercial airplanes was depressed because of terrorism risks, war, and SARS, a contagious illness that resulted in global travel warnings. Boeing’s board of directors would need to weigh those considerations before granting final approval to proceed with the project. The task for students is to evaluate the 7E7 project against a financial standard, the investors’ required returns. The case gives internal rates of return (IRR) for the 7E7 project under base-case and alternative forecasts. The students must estimate a weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) for Boeing’s commercial-aircraft business segment in order to evaluate the IRRs. As a result of that analysis, the students identify the key value drivers and distinguish, on a qualitative basis, the key gambles that Boeing is making. The general objective of this case is to exercise students’ skills in estimating a weighted-average cost of capital and cost of equity. The need for students to estimate a segment WACC draws out their abilities to critique different estimates of beta and to manipulate the levered-beta formulas. Boeing competes in both the commercial aircraft and the defense business. Thus, deriving the appropriate benchmark WACC for the 7E7 project requires isolating the commercial aircraft component from Boeing’s overall corporate WACC. In doing so, students...
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...COMMUNICATED LATER. 2 FT-101C MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES Course Objective The objective of this course is to help the students gain understanding of the functions and responsibilities of the manager, provide them tools and techniques to be used in the performance of the managerial job, and enable them to analyze and understand the environment of the organization. Examination The faculty member will award internal marks out of 20 (8 for Tests and 12 for class participation). The semester examination carrying 80 marks will have two sections A and B. Section A worth 60 marks will have 6 theory questions out of which students will be required to attempt any four questions. Section B carrying 20 marks will contain one or more cases. Cases prescribed below are only for classroom discussion and internal evaluation and not for end semester examinations Course contents 1. Concept of Management Functions and Responsibilities of Managers, Fayol's Principles of Management, Management Thought The Classical School, the Human Relations School, Systems Theory, Contingency Management, Developing Excellent Managers. Cross cultural issues in management. Case:Shui Fabrics. 2....
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...AFTER READING THIS CHAPTER, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1 Differentiate between invention, innovation, and technological diffusion. 2 Explain how entrepreneurs and other innovators further technological advance. 3 Summarize how a firm determines its optimal amount of research and development (R&D). 4 Relate why firms can benefit from their innovation even though rivals have an incentive to imitate it. 5 Discuss the role of market structure in promoting technological advance. 6 Show how technological advance enhances productive efficiency and allocative efficiency. 11 WEB www.mcconnell19e.com 11W-1 Technology, R&D, and Efficiency • “Just do it!” In 1968 two entrepreneurs from Oregon developed a lightweight sport shoe and formed a new company called Nike, incorporating a “swoosh” logo (designed by a graduate student for $35). Today, Nike sells $18 billion worth of goods annually. • “Leap Ahead.” In 1967 neither Intel nor its product existed. Today it is the world’s largest producer of microprocessors for personal computers, with about $35 billion of annual sales. • “Save money, live better.” Expanding from a single store in 1962 to about 7000 stores worldwide today, Walmart’s annual revenue ($400 billion) exceeds that of General Motors or IBM. Nike, Intel, and Walmart owe much of their success to technological advance, broadly defined as new and better goods and services or new and better ways of producing or distributing them. Nike Bonus Web Chapter and Intel pioneered...
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...Aswath Damodaran INVESTMENT VALUATION: SECOND EDITION Chapter 1: Introduction to Valuation Chapter 2: Approaches to Valuation Chapter 3: Understanding Financial Statements Chapter 4: The Basics of Risk Chapter 5: Option Pricing Theory and Models Chapter 6: Market Efficiency: Theory and Models Chapter 7: Riskless Rates and Risk Premiums Chapter 8: Estimating Risk Parameters and Costs of Financing Chapter 9: Measuring Earnings Chapter 10: From Earnings to Cash Flows Chapter 11: Estimating Growth Chapter 12: Closure in Valuation: Estimating Terminal Value Chapter 13: Dividend Discount Models Chapter 14: Free Cashflow to Equity Models Chapter 15: Firm Valuation: Cost of Capital and APV Approaches Chapter 16: Estimating Equity Value Per Share Chapter 17: Fundamental Principles of Relative Valuation Chapter 18: Earnings Multiples Chapter 19: Book Value Multiples Chapter 20: Revenue and Sector-Specific Multiples 3 16 37 81 121 152 211 246 311 341 373 425 450 487 533 593 637 659 718 760 Chapter 21: Valuing Financial Service Firms Chapter 22: Valuing Firms with Negative Earnings Chapter 23: Valuing Young and Start-up Firms Chapter 24: Valuing Private Firms Chapter 25: Acquisitions and Takeovers Chapter 26: Valuing Real Estate Chapter 27: Valuing Other Assets Chapter 28: The Option to Delay and Valuation Implications Chapter 29: The Option to Expand and Abandon: Valuation Implications Chapter 30: Valuing Equity in Distressed Firms Chapter 31: Value Enhancement: A Discounted Cashflow...
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...PART II INSTRUCTOR’S NOTES ON TEXT CASES CASE GUIDE CHAPTER CASE | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 1–1 Starbucks – Going Global Fast | X | X | | X | X | | | | | | X | X | | | | | | | | 1–2 Nestlé – The Infant Formula Incident | | X | X | X | X | | | X | | | X | X | | | | | | | | 1–3 Coke and Pepsi Learn to Compete in India | | | | X | X | X | | | | | X | X | | | | | | | | 1-4 Marketing Microwave Ovens to a New Market Segment | | | | X | X | | | | | | X | X | | | | | | X | | 2–1 The Not-So-Wonderful World of EuroDisney | | | | X | | X | X | X | | | X | | | | | | | X | | 2-2 Cultural Norms, Fair and Lovely, and Advertising | | | | X | X | | | X | | | X | X | | | | | | | | 2–3 Starnes-Brenner Machine Tool Company – To Bribe or Not to Bribe | | | | | X | | X | | | | | | | | | | X | | | 2-4 Ethics and Airbus* | | | | X | X | X | X | | | | | | X | | | | | | | 2–5 Coping with Corruption in Trading with China | | | | | X | X | X | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2–6 When International Buyers and Sellers Disagree | | | | | | | X | | | | | | | | X | | | | | 2-7 McDonald’s and Obesity | ...
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...Emergence of Chicago 3) The World in 1910 • Doing Business in 1910 Example 1.2: Responding to the Business Environment: The Case of American Whaling • Business Conditions in 1910: A "Modern" Infrastructure Example 1.3: Evolution of the Steel Industry 4) The World Today • Doing Business Today • The Infrastructure Today Example 1.4: Economic Gyrations and Traffic Gridlock in Thailand 5) Three Different Worlds: Consistent Principles, Changing Conditions, and Adaptive Strategies Example 1.5: Infrastructure and Emerging Markets: The Russian Privatization Program Example 1.6: Building National Infrastructure: The Transcontinental Railroad 6) Chapter Summary 7) Questions Chapter Summary This chapter analyses the business environment in three different time periods: 1840, 1910 and the present. It looks at the business infrastructure, market conditions, the size and scope of a firm’s activities and a firm’s response to changes. This historical perspective shows that all successful businesses have used similar principles to adapt to widely varying business conditions in order to succeed. Businesses in the period before 1840 were small and operated in localized markets. The size of a business was restricted by the lack of production technology, professional managers, capital and large-scale distribution networks. The limited transportation and communication infrastructures made it risky for businesses to expand...
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...Part 1: Defining Marketing and the Marketing Process (Chapters 1–2) Part 2: Understanding the Marketplace and Consumers (Chapters 3–6) Part 3: Designing a Customer-Driven Strategy and Mix (Chapters 7–17) Part 4: Extending Marketing (Chapters 18–20) After examining customerdriven marketing strategy, we now take a deeper look at the marketing mix: the tactical tools that marketers use to implement their strategies and deliver superior customer value. In this and the next chapter, we’ll study how companies develop and manage products and brands. Then, in the chapters that follow, we’ll look at pricing, distribution, and marketing communication tools. The product is usually the first and most basic marketing consideration. We start with a seemingly simple question: What is a product? As it turns out, the answer is not so simple. Chapter Preview 8 Products, Services, Building and Brands Customer Value Before starting into the chapter, let’s look at an interesting brand story. Marketing is all about building brands that connect deeply with customers. So, when you think about top brands, which ones pop up first? Perhaps traditional megabrands such as Coca-Cola, Nike, or McDonald’s come to mind. Or maybe a trendy tech brand such as Google or Facebook. But if we asked you to focus on sports entertainment, you’d probably name ESPN. When it comes to your life and sports, ESPN probably has it covered. W The ESPN Brand: Every Sport Possible—Now Television: From its original...
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...ALSO BY MALCOLM GLADWELL The Tipping Point To my parents, Joyce and Graham Gladwell Introduction The Statue That Didn’t Look Right In September of 1983, an art dealer by the name of Gianfranco Becchina approached the J. Paul Getty Museum in California. He had in his possession, he said, a marble statue dating from the sixth century BC. It was what is known as a kouros—a sculpture of a nude male youth standing with his left leg forward and his arms at his sides. There are only about two hundred kouroi in existence, and most have been recovered badly damaged or in fragments from grave sites or archeological digs. But this one was almost perfectly preserved. It stood close to seven feet tall. It had a kind of light-colored glow that set it apart from other ancient works. It was an extraordinary find. Becchina’s asking price was just under $10 million. The Getty moved cautiously. It took the kouros on loan and began a thorough investigation. Was the statue consistent with other known kouroi? The answer appeared to be yes. The style of the sculpture seemed reminiscent of the Anavyssos kouros in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, meaning that it seemed to fit with a particular time and place. Where and when had the statue been found? No one knew precisely, but Becchina gave the Getty’s legal department a sheaf of documents relating to its more recent history. The kouros, the records stated, had been in the private collection of a Swiss physician named Lauffenberger...
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...S O N SOUTH-W ES TE THO M RN MBA series in ’s Eco n o mi cs Managerial Economics A Problem Solving Approach Luke M. Froeb Vanderbilt University Brian T. McCann Purdue University Australia Brazil Canada Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States Managerial Economics: A Problem-Solving Approach Luke M. Froeb VP/Editorial Director: Jack W. Calhoun Editor-in-Chief: Alex von Rosenberg Sr. Acquisitions Editor: Mike Worls Sr. Content Project Manager: Cliff Kallemeyn Brian T. McCann Art Director: Michelle Kunkler Sr. First Print Buyer: Sandee Milewski Printer: West Group Eagan, MN Marketing Manager: Jennifer Garamy Marketing Coordinator: Courtney Wolstoncroft Technology Project Manager: Dana Cowden COPYRIGHT ª 2008 Thomson South-Western, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and SouthWestern are trademarks used herein under license. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 09 08 07 06 ISBN-13: 978-0-324-35981-7 ISBN-10: 0-324-35981-0 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights...
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...82476 c02.3d GGS 3/17/09 15:15 r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r rr ECONOMIES AND SCOPE OF SCALE 2 r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r rr F ew concepts in microeconomics, if any, are more fundamental to business strategy than economies of scale and the closely related economies of scope. Economies of scale allow some firms to achieve a cost advantage over their rivals. Economies of scale are a key determinant of market structure and entry. Even the internal organization of a firm can be affected by the importance of realizing scale economies. We mostly think about economies of scale as a key determinant of a firm’s horizontal boundaries, which identify the quantities and varieties of products and services that it produces. The extent of horizontal boundaries varies across industries, along with the importance of scale economies. In some industries, such as microprocessors and airframe manufacturing, economies of scale are huge and a few large firms dominate. In other industries, such as apparel design and management consulting, scale economies are minimal and small firms are the norm. Some industries, such as beer and computer software, have large market leaders (Anheuser-Busch, Microsoft), yet small firms (Boston Beer Company, Blizzard Entertainment) fill niches where scale economies are less important. An understanding of the sources of economies of scale and scope is clearly critical for formulating and...
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...A UTH-WE ST MBA series N's CEN G SO ER GE in E conomics Managerial Economics A Problem Solving Approach SECOND EDITION LUKE M. FROEB Vanderbilt University BRIAN T. MC CANN Vanderbilt University Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach, Second Edition Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann Vice President of Editorial, Business: Jack W. Calhoun Vice President/Editor-in-Chief: Joe Sabatino Acquisitions Editor: Michael Worls Developmental Editor: Jean Buttrom Associate Marketing Manager: Betty Jung Content Project Manager: Lindsay Bethoney Media Editor: Deepak Kumar © 2010, 2008 South-Western, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—except as may be permitted by the license terms herein. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be emailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Print Buyer: Sandee Milewski Production Service:...
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...sharma CONTRIBUTED PAPERS A41, Thursday, December 28, 4:00-5:30 P.M. Session: Case Studies - I Session Chair: Prashant Kulkarni Institute of Finance and International Ma 418 Global Marketing and Challenges for Future: Franchising in Banks K. Ravichandran, Gandhigram Rural University, drkravichandran@yahoo.co.in R. Muruganandham, Sudharsana Raamanujan, R, P. Nandakumar, M. Sasi Siddharth Thiagarajar College of Engineering, vr_muruganandham@hotmail.com, siddharth_mss@sify.com raamanujan@gmail.com, nandacivil@gmail.com The global economic scenario is undergoing a major innovative metamorphosis at a rate never experienced before. All organizations have their brands to face the global marketing challenges to secure a role of leader in this state of economic revolution. Our paper identifies the current marketing challenges and global economic threats for service industries. Besides our paper also explores the management strategies to overcome these challenges in the liberalized economy. The banking service is considered, where the franchising marketing strategies, introduction of new products and delightful customer service by new private sector banks and foreign banks pose a serious threat to the existence and survival of public sector banks profitwise. Hence our paper deeply discusses the benefits of e-banking with a view to minimize transaction cost cum operating expenses thereby increasing the overall net profit to enable for successful...
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...Using gretl for Principles of Econometrics, 4th Edition Version 1.0411 Lee C. Adkins Professor of Economics Oklahoma State University April 7, 2014 1 Visit http://www.LearnEconometrics.com/gretl.html for the latest version of this book. Also, check the errata (page 459) for changes since the last update. License Using gretl for Principles of Econometrics, 4th edition. Copyright c 2011 Lee C. Adkins. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation (see Appendix F for details). i Preface The previous edition of this manual was about using the software package called gretl to do various econometric tasks required in a typical two course undergraduate or masters level econometrics sequence. This version tries to do the same, but several enhancements have been made that will interest those teaching more advanced courses. I have come to appreciate the power and usefulness of gretl’s powerful scripting language, now called hansl. Hansl is powerful enough to do some serious computing, but simple enough for novices to learn. In this version of the book, you will find more information about writing functions and using loops to obtain basic results. The programs have been generalized in many instances so that they could be adapted for other uses if desired. As I learn more about hansl specifically...
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