...Medical Practices: Polypharmacy Polypharmacy is a phenomena referred to as the intake of multiple medication by a patient, due to multiple medical conditions by a patient. It also is used for the pill burden that a patient has under such circumstances, majorly a problem for elderly people. Sometimes the combination they take may result in a side effect, because of a drug to drug reaction rather than curing. Moreover, due to similar names of the medicines such mishaps could result too. It especially turns into a menace when people self medicate, not knowing about the lethal combinations that may come forward. It is therefore advisable that the doctor should be sought to monitor the prescription. If the patient is feeling that he or she is taking a handful of medicines even that should be brought to limelight. Physicians have their ways to cut down on the number of pills that are being taken at a time, addressing to the problem of polypharmacy. Another important agenda related to polypharmacy that needs to be dealt with is the names of the medication names. Similar name of the medicines is also a cause of undesirable polypharmacy results. To cater to such problems any unusual pattern should not be overlooked i.e. inability to sleep, feeling depressed or any collapses. An indicator of prescription being mishandled and an urgent help is required to avoid any major harmful outcomes. (Fulton, 2005) The purpose of this study is to eradicate medical practices that are dangerous for...
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...STUDY OF DRUG UTILIZATION AND DRUG INTERACTION PROFILE OF ANTIBIOTICS PRESCRIBED TO PATIENTS AT ORTHOPEDIC HOSPITAL, NADIAD. ID NO. 13MPHCP002 ABSTRACT The study was aimed to determine prescribing pattern and drug interaction of antibiotic at private hospital using WHO recommended indicators. . A cross-sectional study was conducted for a 6 months to evaluate drug utilization pattern and drug interaction of antibiotic prescribed at orthopedic unit at private hospital, Nadiad. The drug utilization and drug interactions was studied on a total of 200 prescriptions. The average number of prescribed were found 5.15 per prescription. The maximum number of patients were treated with single antibiotic. In our study we observed that the more no of patients between the age group 61-70 year. In our study 22% drugs were prescribed by generic names and 78% were drugs prescribed by their brand names. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic group was beta lactam drug. Accident were most common clinical situation where antibiotics were...
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...or services for the aging population and address how individual patients, the community and society as a whole can address such challenges. Healthcare Challenges Demographics on aging clearly indicate that long-term care will remain a critical issue in our society. In 2020, the number of older Americans in need of long-term care service will jump to 12 million. The aging population is growing larger and living longer, a phenomenon felt around the world. As they face scarce health resources, nations must develop policies associated with the provision of care and the quality of the dying process. Never before in human history has our planet contained so many older people or such a large percentage of them. This has not always been the case, as late as 1930, America’s older population numbered less than 7 million, only 5.4% of the population. Today, one out of every 9 Americans is “old,” another former youth turns 50 every 8 seconds. Those age 65 and older now exceed 35 million, a number poised to explode. January 2011 ushered in the first of approximately 77 million Baby Boomers; both from 1946 through 1964 are surging toward the retirement. Another challenge that policymakers and...
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...University of Phoenix Material Pharmacology Case Study Analysis Worksheet Read the University of Phoenix Material: Pharmacology Case Study. Write a 350 word response to each of the following questions. The use of your textbooks or scholarly sources is recommended. Format any references consistent with APA guidelines. 1. What are two interventions that would help this couple take the correct medications at the correct times and on the correct days? An intervention that would help the couple with medications is one of the grown children can move closer to their parents. The child can monitor the couple more to ensure medication is taken correctly and at the right times. Another intervention to assist the couple is to have the medication measured out for the entire week. The family can do that. The insulin can be premeasured in the syringes and labeled with the time it is to be taken. The pills can be put in a medicine container or egg box that is labeled for the different days of the week. The process would start over on Sunday. Having a medication calendar can assist the family in taking the right amounts. The family can have a bell that goes off during the day when it is time to take medicines. Education is the key for the family to know and understand the importance of medication management. The grandchild and other children should learn about all the medication both parents take and what time it is taken. The process needs to be a team's effort, not just the elderly...
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...Richard Russo’s memoir, Elsewhere, provides a son’s narration of a lifetime of adventures and tribulations with his mother, Jean. The piece also provides an ideal case study of development, experiences, challenges, and transitions across the adult phases of the human lifespan, thereby allowing for an application and analysis of adult psychology theories and concepts that are commonly presented in more objective and less narrative works. First, attention will be paid to the roles and relationships that Richard and Jean Russo establish throughout their lives. Then, cognitive aging and decline will be discussed in relation to Jean’s physical and mental health and her dementia. Richard’s role as Jean’s primary caregiver will be studied through...
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...HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author Manuscript JAMA Intern Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 October 01. Published in final edited form as: JAMA Intern Med. 2014 October ; 174(10): 1668–1673. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.4005. Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Analgesic Overdose Mortality in the United States, 1999–2010 Author Manuscript Marcus A. Bachhuber, MD, Brendan Saloner, PhD, Chinazo O. Cunningham, MD, MS, and Colleen L. Barry, PhD, MPP Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Bachhuber); Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Bachhuber); Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Bachhuber, Saloner, Barry); Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Saloner); Division of General Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Cunningham); Department of Health Policy and Management, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (Barry) Abstract Author Manuscript IMPORTANCE—Opioid analgesic overdose mortality continues to rise in the United States, driven by increases in prescribing for chronic pain. Because chronic pain is a major indication for medical cannabis, laws that establish access to medical cannabis may change overdose...
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...Running Head: Older Adults 1 Essential Care of Frail Older Adults Mary Anne V Wheeler Lane Community College Abstract This paper explores the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s map for the patient process of essential care for the elderly. It summarizes the IHI map and then discusses the specific goals of The Joint Commission (TJC) and how they relate to the IHI map. The paper then continues on to discuss how the standards of TJC are put into effect at McKenzie Willamette hospital to provide the essential care for the older patient. Essential Care of Frail Older Adults Overview On the improvement map from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s (IHI) website, the patient process “Essential Care for Frail Older Adults” is outlined. IHI states that the purpose of this process is to “Ensure coordinated, reliable, and safe care for frail older patients as they enter the hospital.” As the title of the map indicates this patient process is related to the care of our older adult patients. The IHI website indicates that it would be moderately challenging to implement this patient process for the following reason “Either it involves multiple units or disciplines OR requires a substantial shift in culture an/or operations, but not both of these.” This patient process will need to be implemented in any medical facility that may treat the frail older adult including medical, surgical and emergency departments of hospitals along with nursing...
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...SULFONAMIDES Abstract Sulfonamides are among one of the oldest drugs to be used as antibiotics. They were invented in 1930's. Nowadays doctors prefer to prescribe them as the traditional drug of choice for urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases. Currently, the new development of antibiotics to combat illnesses caused by bacterial resistant strains and have limited the usefulness of Sulfa medications. Objectives Upon successful completion of this presentation you should be able to: • Understand and communicate your knowledge of Sulfonamides mode of action and bacterial resistance • Identify and understand the contra indications, common signs and symptoms of allergic reactions to Sulfonamides. • Identify 3 common trade names for sulfonamides and select indication for use between different patient population. Type and class of Pathogen Sulfonamides have been in use since the 1930's , these drugs are effective against both gram- negative and gram - positive bacteria. Sulfonamides are know as broad spectrum antimicrobial drugs; they are effective against a wide variety of microorganisms most Enterobacteriaceae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Nisseria, Haemophilus influenzae,, Norcardia, E.Coli , P. mirabilis some staphylococci, and many streptococci (with exception of Enterococcus faecalis). They are used for...
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... The old analogy of take two pills and call your doctor in the morning is becoming the norm in today’s society. This Reflective Paper will provide a multi-systemic approach which addresses the following topics: (1) the genetic link to ADHD, (2) population trends of psychotropic use, (3) concerns for the safety and efficacy of children have risen due to the lack of studies. The Genetic Link to ADHD Several decades of study has shown Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to be a neurobiological disorder. Research has shown other contributing causes of ADHD can be caused by environmental (home, school etc.), brain dysfunction and toxins found in food additives, yet strong supporting data can be found in genetic studies too. Researchers have concluded the phenotypic display of ADHD is attributed by the abnormal amounts of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and dopamine which controls, sleep, learning, mood and attention (Faraone, & Asherson, P, 2005). Link between ADHD 3 Studies show that on the average, 25% of all families who have a member diagnosed with ADHD are usually...
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...STUDY GUIDE for C475 Care of Older Adult Objective Assessment Exam questions are taken from the Learning Objectives under the 9 Competencies: #1 Competency 742.1.1: Compassionate and Respectful Care of Older Adults The graduate integrates principles of compassion and respect for patients and their families into the planning and delivery of care to a diverse population of older adults and into advocacy for vulnerable older adults. This topic addresses the following learning objectives: * Recognize the impact of attitudes, values, and expectations about aging. * Describe how the RN’s personal beliefs and values may impact the care of older adults. * Articulate the concept of individualized care as the standard of practice with older adults, considering the right care, at the right time, in the right place and by the right provider of care. * Define Baby Boomers (those born from 1946–1964) reach retirement age (as of 2011) A large group of people born between 1946 and 1964, in the time after the Second World War. * What are the five racial groups listed in your text? African American, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander/Asian, Hispanic, White * How would you perform discharge teaching to an Hispanic patient Teach the family as well because more than likely, pt is going home and family is his/her primary caregivers. * Apply effective and respectful communication strategies in the care of older adults and their...
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...STUDY GUIDE for C475 Care of Older Adult Objective Assessment Exam questions are taken from the Learning Objectives under the 9 Competencies: #1 Competency 742.1.1: Compassionate and Respectful Care of Older Adults The graduate integrates principles of compassion and respect for patients and their families into the planning and delivery of care to a diverse population of older adults and into advocacy for vulnerable older adults. This topic addresses the following learning objectives: * Recognize the impact of attitudes, values, and expectations about aging. * Describe how the RN’s personal beliefs and values may impact the care of older adults. * Articulate the concept of individualized care as the standard of practice with older adults, considering the right care, at the right time, in the right place and by the right provider of care. * Define Baby Boomers * What are the five racial groups listed in your text? * How would you perform discharge teaching to an Hispanic patient * Apply effective and respectful communication strategies in the care of older adults and their families. * List some of the changes of aging that could affect therapeutic communication * Note the ways to communicate or assist a patient with disabilities such as hearing deficits, vision impairments, or aphasia and dysarthria. Be familiar with the types of hearing devices. How should you address the older adult during therapeutic communication? ...
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...| Information based decision making | Unit 5002V1 | | | 4/1/2015 | Task 1 (600-700 words): A.C.1.1 – Examine the nature of data and information Data comprises of factual information. Data are the facts from which information is derived. Data is not necessarily informative on its own but needs to be structured, interpreted, analysed and contextualised. Once data undergoes this process, it transforms in to information. Information should be accessible and understood by the reader without needing to be interpreted or manipulated in any way. Knowledge is the framework for understanding information and using it to inform judgements, opinions, predictions and decisions – a pyramidal relationship (See diagram 1) Diagram 1: There are 2 types of knowledge: 1) Explicit knowledge (“know that”) – derived from facts, easily communicated via hard data and facts and 2) Tacit knowledge (“know how”) – more of a personal framework informed by beliefs, schemata, mental frameworks, difficult to verbalise or write down, more based on process rather than factual content. In the field of knowledge management, tacit knowledge is individual specific and can be acquired without language through observation and practice. This type of knowledge is acquired through experience, and therefore from a knowledge management perspective, shared experiences are a key platform to share tacit knowledge. A clinical example: The Trust has a standard assessment proforma for new patients...
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...construct and organize knowledge • ability to integrate and synthesize knowledge • ability to apply quantitative and qualitative concepts Proficiency • ability to solve practical problems • ability to collaborate with multiple disciplines • ability to communicate effectively • ability to practice competently and skillfully in a changing health-care environment Culture Care Values • ability to preserve/maintain cultural identities • ability to accommodate/negotiate diverse life ways • ability to re-pattern/restructure health-care delivery methods • ability to apply ethical and legal principles to health care The Associate of Science in Nursing Program (ASN) is a two-year program of study combining didactic and clinical nursing courses as well as general education courses. The Program prepares beginning nurses who function as providers and leaders of direct and indirect nursing care for diverse individuals, families, and groups. The ASN graduates function as collaborative members within the discipline of nursing and the health care team. The ASN graduates use basic knowledge of therapeutic nursing interventions, communication, culture, critical thinking,...
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...potential as human beings and cannot contribute fully to the development of their own countries. Nutrition is the provision of adequate energy and nutrients (in terms of amount and mix and timelines) to the cells for them to perform their physiological function of (growth, reproduction, defence, repair e.t.c). The World Health Organization defines malnutrition as "the cellular imbalance between supply of nutrients & energy and the body's demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions”. Malnutrition comprises both; Under nutrition and Over nutrition The World Health Organization (WHO) says that malnutrition is by far the largest contributor to child mortality globally, currently present in 45 percent of all cases. Underweight births and inter-uterine growth restrictions are responsible for about 2.2 million child deaths annually in the world. Deficiencies in vitamin A or zinc cause 1 million deaths each year. WHO adds that malnutrition during childhood usually results in worse health and lower educational achievements during adulthood. Malnourished...
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...Geriatrics Geriatrics Jennifer P. Dugan, Pharm.D., BCPS Clinical Assistant Professor University of Colorado Colorado, Denver Updates in Therapeutics: The Pharmacotherapy Preparatory Review and Recertification Course 31 Geriatrics Learning Objectives: The following case pertains to questions 2 and 3. J.T. is an 82-year-old community-dwelling woman with a history of stage III Parkinson disease, hypertension, and urinary incontinence (UI). She is receiving carbidopa/levodopa, pramipexole, selegiline, tolterodine, diazepam, metoprolol, and hydrochlorothiazide. When she comes to your pharmacy to get her prescriptions, she walks slowly with a cane, and she is stooped over. 1. Identify age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes in older people. 2. Evaluate the pharmacotherapy regimens of older people to support the maintenance of optimal physical and mental function. 3. Identify inappropriate medication prescribing in older people. 4. Recommend appropriate pharmacotherapy for patients with dementia. 5. Evaluate the risks and benefits of the use of antipsychotics (APs) (including atypical APs) in older patients with dementia. 6. Recommend appropriate interventions for patients suffering from behavioral symptoms related to dementia. 7. Identify the types of urinary incontinence and recommend appropriate treatments. 8. Given a patient’s American Urology Association Symptom Index for benign prostatic hyperplasia, recommend...
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