...Journal of Electronic Imaging 13(1), 146 – 165 (January 2004). Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation Mehmet Sezgin ¨ ˙ Tubıtak Marmara Research Center Information Technologies Research Institute Gebze, Kocaeli Turkey E-mail: sezgin@btae.mam.gov.tr ¨ Bulent Sankur ˇ ¸ Bogazici University Electric-Electronic Engineering Department Bebek, ˙stanbul I Turkey Abstract. We conduct an exhaustive survey of image thresholding methods, categorize them, express their formulas under a uniform notation, and finally carry their performance comparison. The thresholding methods are categorized according to the information they are exploiting, such as histogram shape, measurement space clustering, entropy, object attributes, spatial correlation, and local gray-level surface. 40 selected thresholding methods from various categories are compared in the context of nondestructive testing applications as well as for document images. The comparison is based on the combined performance measures. We identify the thresholding algorithms that perform uniformly better over nondestructive testing and document image applications. © 2004 SPIE and IS&T. [DOI: 10.1117/1.1631316] 1 Introduction In many applications of image processing, the gray levels of pixels belonging to the object are substantially different from the gray levels of the pixels belonging to the background. Thresholding then becomes a simple but effective tool to separate objects from the background...
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...CASE STUDY ANALYSIS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS Define the Type of Organisation and the Industry it operates in? ABL Limited is a beverage and snack company operating in the Australian Non-Alcoholic beverage market. ABL has a decentralized organizational structure and is listed on the ASX. ABL is looking at expanding into the Australian bottled water manufacturing industry. The major segments of the Austalian bottled water manufacturing industry are still water 74% and sparkling water 24% value 963m litres in 2011 Value Chain Analysis Water Treatment Bottling & Packaging Distribution Retailer Supply Labeling 55% 26.8% Wages 12.1% Depreciation 4.1% Utilities and Rent 1.8% Segments Analysis: The Life cycle Stage of the Industry The Australian bottled water industry is in a growth phase. The industry has evolved since 1990 out of the soft drink manufacturing industry and is achieving a high rate of growth as seen in table 4 where Bottled water is expected to grow from 13.3% of Non-Alcoholic beverages to 17.4%. Consumption per capita of water is also expected to grow in the future as well as revenue from sales of still and sparkling water. A recent report by the Global Earth Policy Institute concluded that global consumption of bottled water rose by 56.8% to 164 billion litres from 2007 to 2011. Growth phase is further evident by a net profit rate of 16.3% which is high. . Industries Future Growth ...
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...UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B. TECH DEGREE COURSE 2008 SCHEME ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING I to VIII SEMESTER SCHEME AND SYLLABUS BOARD OF STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B.Tech Degree Course – 2008 Scheme REGULATIONS 1. Conditions for Admission Candidates for admission to the B.Tech degree course shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or 12th Standard V.H.S.E., C.B.S.E., I.S.C. or any examination accepted by the university as equivalent thereto obtaining not less than 50% in Mathematics and 50% in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry/ Bio- technology/ Computer Science/ Biology put together, or a diploma in Engineering awarded by the Board of Technical Education, Kerala or an examination recognized as equivalent thereto after undergoing an institutional course of at least three years securing a minimum of 50 % marks in the final diploma examination subject to the usual concessions allowed for backward classes and other communities as specified from time to time. 2. Duration of the course i) The course for the B.Tech Degree shall extend over a period of four academic years comprising of eight semesters. The first and second semester shall be combined and each semester from third semester onwards shall cover the groups of subjects as given in the curriculum and scheme of examination ii) Each semester shall ordinarily comprise of not less than 400 working periods each of 60 minutes...
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...A MongoDB White Paper Performance Best Practices for MongoDB MongoDB 3.2 December 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Pluggable Storage Engines 1 Hardware 2 Application Patterns 4 Schema Design & Indexes 5 Disk I/O 6 Considerations for Amazon EC2 7 Considerations for Benchmarks 7 We Can Help 9 Resources 9 Introduction MongoDB is a high-performance, scalable database designed for a broad array of modern applications. It is used by organizations of all sizes to power on-line, operational applications where low latency, high throughput and continuous availability are critical requirements of the system. For a discussion on the architecture of MongoDB and some of its underlying assumptions, see the MongoDB Architecture Guide. For a discussion on operating a MongoDB system, see the MongoDB Operations Best Practices. This guide outlines considerations for achieving performance at scale in a MongoDB system across a number of key dimensions, including hardware, application MongoDB Pluggable Storage Engines patterns, schema design and indexing, disk I/O, Amazon EC2, and designing for benchmarks. While this guide is broad in scope, it is not exhaustive. Following the recommendations in this guide will reduce the likelihood of encountering common performance limitations, but it does not guarantee good performance in your application. MongoDB 3.0 exposed a new storage engine API, enabling...
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...Contents Introduction Chapter 2 Problem statement 2 Motivation 2 Research question 2 Interpretation 3 Scope 3 Methodology 4 Project type 4 Models and theories 4 Structure 4 Data collection 4 Criticisms of data 4 Introduction 5 Social media platforms suitable for B2B 6 Benchmark 11 Conclusion 12 Key success factors that affect the social media marketing 13 Industries that can benefit from using social media marketing 15 Parts of the value chain in which SMM could be used 15 Social media in R&D 17 Social media in Marketing and sales 17 Social media customer support and service 19 Costs involved in engaging in social media marketing 20 Measuring the outcome of social media marketing 20 Social media and the future 23 Appendix 24 Linked IN 24 Twitter 28 FaceBook 32 Youtube 34 Blogs 37 Forums 39 Literature list 41 Introduction Chapter Problem statement Motivation Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate with each other. People who previously just was content consumers, now has the possibility of being content producers. New social media brands keep popping up, and people are starting to interact more and more. What is interesting is to see how social media and B2B companies are using social media, why they are using it, and what they are gaining from it. With the introduction of social media, a new marketing term arose: social media marketing. This brings up an interesting discussion, saying that...
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...Powered by S&P Capital IQ INDUSTRY SURVEYS Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals April 2015 ANGELO ZINO, CFA Equity Analyst www.spcapitaliq.com 2 April 2015 INDUSTRY SURVEYS Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals PERFORMANCE Sector Overview Industry Overview Revenues Expenses Profits & Margins Valuation Capital Markets INDUSTRY PROFILE Trends INQUIRIES & CLIENT SUPPORT 800.523.4534 clientsupport@standardandpoors.com SALES 877.219.1247 wealth@spcapitaliq.com Key Ratios And Statistics CONTACTS How The Industry Operates How To Analyze This Industry Glossary Industry References Comparative Company Analysis MEDIA Michael Privitera 212.438.6679 michael.privitera@spcapitaliq.com S&P CAPITAL IQ 55 Water Street New York, NY 10041 All of the views expressed in these research reports accurately reflect the research analyst’s personal views regarding any and all of the subject securitiesor issuers. No part of the analyst’s compensation was, is, or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this research report. For important regulatory information, go to www.standardandpoors.com and click on Regulatory Affairs and Disclaimers. Copyright © 2015 Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a part of McGraw-Hill Financial. All rights reserved. 3 April 2015 INDUSTRY SURVEYS Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals ...
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...Oracle® Trading Community Architecture Reference Guide Release 12.1 Part No. E13569-04 August 2010 Oracle Trading Community Architecture Reference Guide, Release 12.1 Part No. E13569-04 Copyright © 2003, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Ashita Mathur Contributor: Ajai Singh, Amy Wu, Anish Stephen Avinash Jha, Harikrishnan Radhakrishnan, Leela Krishna, Nishant Singhai, Ramanasudhir Gokavarapu, Shankar Bharadwaj Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this software or related documentation is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S...
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...Running head: MARKETING MANAGEMENT GROUP PROJECT Nest Learning Thermostat Liberty University BUSI 520-B06 October 2012 MMGP: Background Information Thermostats detect and control temperature changes for the purpose of maintaining the temperature in an enclosed area and generating electrical signals when the temperature exceeds or falls below the desired value (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012). The U.S. Department of Energy and the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab research, proves that the energy bill for a single family home is estimated at $2,200 annually in which heating and cooling accounts for half of the bill. In an effort to cut energy consumption costs, programmable thermostats were developed in the 1970’s. Since their development, thermostats have proven to be complicated to use and program (Close-Up Media, 2011). Nest Laboratories, a company based in Palo Alto, California founded by Tony Faddell and Matt Rogers, with the backing of several investors such as, Generation Investment Management, Google Ventures, Intertrust, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Lightspeed Venture Partners, and Shasta Ventures, set out to apply advancements in technology to reinvent the thermostat. The team at Nest addressed the programming problem through a combination of sensors, algorithms, machine learning, and cloud computing (Close-up Media, 2011). They came up with a thermostat capable of learning a household’s daily schedule, and personal heating and cooling...
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...THE INTELLIGENT INVESTOR A BOOK OF PRACTICAL COUNSEL REVISED EDITION B E NJAM I N G RAHAM Updated with New Commentary by Jason Zweig To E.M.G. Through chances various, through all vicissitudes, we make our way. . . . Aeneid Contents Epigraph iii Preface to the Fourth Edition, by Warren E. Buffett viii A Note About Benjamin Graham, by Jason Zweig x Introduction: What This Book Expects to Accomplish COMMENTARY ON THE INTRODUCTION 1. 1 12 35 The Investor and Inflation 47 COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 2 3. 18 COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 1 2. Investment versus Speculation: Results to Be Expected by the Intelligent Investor 58 65 COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 3 4. A Century of Stock-Market History: The Level of Stock Prices in Early 1972 80 General Portfolio Policy: The Defensive Investor 88 COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 4 5. 101 124 Portfolio Policy for the Enterprising Investor: Negative Approach 133 COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 6 7. 112 COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 5 6. The Defensive Investor and Common Stocks 145 iv 155 COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 7 8. Portfolio Policy for the Enterprising Investor: The Positive Side 179 The Investor and Market Fluctuations 188 v Contents COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 8 9. Investing in Investment Funds COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 9 213 226 242 10. The Investor and His Advisers 257 COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 10 272 11. Security...
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...Deep Learning more at http://ml.memect.com Contents 1 Artificial neural network 1 1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2.1 Improvements since 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3.1 Network function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3.2 Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3.3 Learning paradigms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3.4 Learning algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Employing artificial neural networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5.1 Real-life applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5.2 Neural networks and neuroscience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.6 Neural network software ...
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...The Big Book of Huddle Energizers Ideas to enliven your huddle Contributed by employees of Citibank Singapore Table of Contents Service Value # 1 – Make Each Interaction Personal ................................................. 6 Energizer: Hebrew Numerology ................................................................................... 6 Energizer: Brain Teaser ............................................................................................... 9 Energizer: Human Treasure Hunt............................................................................... 10 Energizer: Secret Hat Trick ........................................................................................ 11 Energizer: Accentuate the Positive............................................................................. 11 Energizer: Name Game.............................................................................................. 11 Energizer: Heart to Heart ........................................................................................... 11 Energizer: Guess my Body Language ........................................................................ 11 Energizer: How to Say Hello in Different Languages ................................................. 12 Energizer: Good Morning Game ................................................................................ 12 Service Value # 2 – Maintain A Professional Image ...................................................
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...The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Introduction, Commentaries, and Translation What are the Yoga Sutras and who is Patanjali? Over fifty different English translations of the Yoga Sutras are extant, standing as a human testament to how Universal Truth is celebrated in terms of a rich diversity. Rather than the common and external type of knowledge (emanating from book knowledge), the following translation and commentary are a result of an intimate familiarity and direct experience both with an authentic yogic tradition and with western culture, psychology, and language that has been refined, tested in fire, and integrated for over thirty five years of intense practice (sadhana). This work is dedicated toward revealing the universal message of authentic yoga that the sage, Patanjali, first wrote down approximately 2000 years ago. Patanjali is not the inventor of yoga, but rather yoga's most popularly known scribe. What has become known simply as the "Yoga Sutras" (sutra means thread) or almost equally as common, as the "Yoga Darshana" (the vision of Yoga), is actually a compendium of an ancient pre-existing oral yoga tradition consisting of both practical advice and theoretical context. The most accepted format of the Yoga Sutras consists of four chapters (called padas) written in the Sanskrit language approximately 2000 years ago in Northern India while utilizing the terminology of the time, i.e., Samkhya philosophical trappings. The dates ascribed to the Yoga Sutras...
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...1 1 Fundamentals of Semiconductor Electrochemistry and Photoelectrochemistry Krishnan Rajeshwar The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.5 1.6 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.7.5 Introduction and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electron Energy Levels in Semiconductors and Energy Band Model . The Semiconductor–Electrolyte Interface at Equilibrium . . . . . . . . The Equilibration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Depletion Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mapping of the Semiconductor Band-edge Positions Relative to Solution Redox Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface States and Other Complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charge Transfer Processes in the Dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current-potential Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dark Processes Mediated by Surface States or by Space Charge Layer Recombination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rate-limiting Steps in Charge Transfer Processes in the Dark . . . . . Light Absorption by the Semiconductor Electrode and Carrier Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light Absorption...
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...that is not an inherent natural constituent of the food itself, in an amount that poses a reasonable possibility of injury to health, or (2) a substance that is an inherent natural constituent of the food itself; is not the result of environmental, agricultural, industrial, or other contamination; and is present in an amount that ordinarily renders the food injurious to health. The first includes, for example, a toxin produced by a fungus that has contaminated a food, or a pathogenic bacterium or virus, if the amount present in the food may be injurious to health. An example of the second is the tetrodotoxin that occurs naturally in some organs of some types of pufferfish and that ordinarily will make the fish injurious to health. In either case, foods adulterated with these agents are prohibited from being introduced, or offered for introduction, into interstate commerce. Our scientific understanding of pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins is continually advancing....
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...<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html><head><title>Business Policy And Strategic Management - G. V. Satya Sekhar - Google Books</title><script>(function(){(function(){function d(a){this.t={};this.tick=function(a,c,b){b=void 0!=b?b:(new Date).getTime();this.t[a]=[b,c]};this.tick("start",null,a)}var a=new d;window.jstiming={Timer:d,load:a};if(window.performance&&window.performance.timing){var a=window.performance.timing,c=window.jstiming.load,b=a.navigationStart,a=a.responseStart;0<b&&a>=b&&(c.tick("_wtsrt",void 0,b),c.tick("wtsrt_","_wtsrt",a),c.tick("tbsd_","wtsrt_"))}try{a=null,window.chrome&&window.chrome.csi&&(a=Math.floor(window.chrome.csi().pageT), c&&0<b&&(c.tick("_tbnd",void 0,window.chrome.csi().startE),c.tick("tbnd_","_tbnd",b))),null==a&&window.gtbExternal&&(a=window.gtbExternal.pageT()),null==a&&window.external&&(a=window.external.pageT,c&&0<b&&(c.tick("_tbnd",void 0,window.external.startE),c.tick("tbnd_","_tbnd",b))),a&&(window.jstiming.pt=a)}catch(e){}})();})(); </script><script>(function() {var preloadImg = document.createElement('img');preloadImg.src = 'http://books.google.com/books?id=nYNPtZNnx9YC&pg=PR2&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U1vGx3jE1apd2pjAdwnJ_85sunasA&w=685';window['_OC_preload_image_url']...
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