Invisible Afflictions of Correctional Facilities
There is a growing consensus that solitary confinement develops a host of psychological stresses to manifest physical ailments in the form of indigestion, constipation, ulcers, stomachaches, headaches, hypertension, or asthma (Sindee, 2016, p. 177). The ‘bad-news list’ (BNL) gives such exposure to marked convicts that earn a standing to be assaulted upon first glimpse. Several grounds range from unsuccessful chances to repay a drug debt, spilling the beans on another inmate, and so on. Its emotional impression brings a perpetual fear of assault resulting in the sense of helplessness to depression by correctional officers or other inmates’ actions of pressure or manipulation. These, “people have