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Case Study : John & Marsha on Portfolio Selection

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บทสรุปผู้บริหาร
จากกรณีศึกษา John ต้องทำการตัดสินใจว่า ในพอร์ตการลงทุนที่เขาบริหารจัดการอยู่นั้น ควรซื้อหุ้น PioneerGypsumหรือGlobal Miningในสัดส่วนเท่าไหร่ จึงจะสามารถได้ผลตอบแทนที่สูงบนพื้นฐานความเสี่ยงที่เหมาะสม ซึ่งแต่เดิม John ไม่ได้ทำการกระจายการลงทุน (Diversified) โดยทำการวิเคราะห์จากการคำนวณหา Expected Return, Risk Premium และคำนวณ Standard Deviationเพื่อนำไปคำนวณหา Sharpe Ratio ที่มีอัตราส่วนที่สูงที่สุด ซึ่งอธิบายถึงผลตอบแทนที่ถูกปรับด้วยความเสี่ยง ที่ดีที่สุด
เมื่อได้ทำการวิเคราะห์และคำนวณ Sharpe Ratio แล้ว พบว่า หุ้นที่เหมาะสมที่จะทำการลงทุนเพิ่ม ได้แก่ Pioneer Gypsum โดยลงทุนในสัดส่วน 4% จึงทำให้การลงทุนในตลาดเป็น 96% เนื่องจากเป็นสัดส่วนที่ทำให้ Sharpe Ratio มีค่าสูงที่สุด คือ 0.4702 ซึ่งถือได้ว่าเป็นการกระจายการลงทุนที่ทำให้ความเสี่ยงลดลง ซึ่งสอดคล้องกับทฤษฎี Modern Portfolio Theory ของ Harry M. Markowitz (1952) ที่กล่าวไว้ว่า “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket”
สรุปรายละเอียดของ Mini-Case : John & Marsha on Portfolio Selection
John ทำหน้าที่บริหาร Portfolio ซึ่งมีมูลค่า 125 ล้านดอลลาร์ของนักลงทุนอยู่ เขาปรึกษากับ Marsha เกี่ยวกับปัญหาของการบริหารจัดการหุ้นใน Portfolio ของเขา โดย John คิดว่าที่ผ่านมาผลตอบแทนจาก portfolio ที่เขาดูแลอยู่นั้นมักจะใกล้เคียงกับอัตราผลตอบแทนของตลาดและอิงจากกราฟ S&P 500 market index ที่จัดทำขึ้น เขาจึงรู้สึกว่าการบริหารของเขาอ้างอิงแต่กับตัวเลขของตลาดมากเกินไป เขาอยากจะบริหารจัดการ portfolio เสียใหม่ให้มีความเป็นตัวของตัวเองมากขึ้น และได้รับผลตอบแทนที่สูงขึ้นกว่าอัตราผลตอบแทนของตลาด เพื่อทำให้การทำงานของเขามีประโยชน์ต่อลูกค้ามากขึ้น
โดยเขาเลือกบริษัทที่ราคาตลาดของหุ้นต่ำกว่ามูลค่าที่ประเมินได้ (Undervalued) และที่ราคาตลาดของหุ้นสูงกว่ามูลค่าหุ้นที่ประเมินได้ (Overvalued) ามาส่วนหนึ่ง โดยบริษัทที่เขาคาดว่าน่าจะมีมูลค่า Undervalued และสมควรซื้อมากคือบริษัท Pioneer Gypsum และหุ้นของ Global mining นั้น Overvalued จึงไม่สมควรซื้อโดยข้อมูลต่างๆของทั้ง2บริษัทที่เขาหามาได้มีค่าตามตารางนี้ | Pioneer Gypsum |

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