...The 21st Century Jet The Boeing 777 Multimedia Case Study Shad H Shokralla Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley December 18, 1995 Research Advisor: Professor Alice M. Agogino Berkeley Expert Systems Technology Laboratory On-line Version URL: main.html Abstract Multimedia case studies have been shown to be an effective way of documenting and teaching best design practices. This is a case study of the changes that the Boeing Commercial Aircraft Company made in the way they design and build airplanes. The 777 is the first jet that Boeing has created using this methodology. The changes were very dramatic and encompassed many areas, including technical, organizational and administrative changes. Boeing is touting the 777 as more than just a product, but as a new process. Although the technical innovations were numerous, what made the 777 project unique were the other changes Boeing instituted for this design/build effort. It was the first 100% digitally designed and pre-assembled airplane made by Boeing. Concurrent engineering, the concept of “Working Together”, was an integral part of the new philosophy and nearly 240 Design/Build teams were used through-out the process. The teams included design, manufacturing, customer and supplier personnel from the start. Designing and building a new...
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...MITCHELL Airbus vs. Boeing (A) Should Airbus go ahead and develop its own version of a super jumbo (the A3XX)? Should Boeing develop a larger version of the 747? What would Boeing and Airbus gain by teaming up? What could they lose? The answers to these questions would determine the future of both companies for many years to come. The Commercial Airline Industry Do The global aviation industry was sized at approximately $100 billion as of 1992. The single largest segment was the manufacture and sale of large commercial aircraft, which totaled $38.5 billion in 1991.1 The sale of large commercial aircraft was expected to grow to $40 billion by the end of 1992. The worldwide commercial aircraft fleet was made up of nearly 8,000 passenger and 1,200 cargo planes spread out over 450 airlines and operators. Large commercial aircraft were defined as airplanes with 100 or more seats. Large aircraft made up 90% of the fleet, while smaller airplanes accounted for the remaining 10%.2 The VLCT was defined as a plane over 400 seats or with the ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Professor Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Erich Alexander Voigt (Tiggeman Associates), and Research Associate Jordan Mitchell prepared this case. This case was developed from published sources. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary...
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...Technology in Society 31 (2009) 342–349 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Technology in Society journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/techsoc The politics of airplane production: The emergence of two technological frames in the competition between Boeing and Airbus Alexander Z. Ibsen* University of Arizona, Department of Sociology, P.O. Box 210027, Tucson, AZ 85721-0027,United States a b s t r a c t Keywords: Airplanes Boeing Airbus Two-party democracy Frames Technological philosophy Economic models of technological innovation, as well as modern sociological approaches to the study of organizations, predict that two-actor markets will eventually evolve into one dominant technological logic. Why is it, then, that the only two global manufacturers of large commercial airplanes have developed diametrically opposed technological philosophies? Based on secondary historical sources, this article employs a theory of twoparty democracies from political science and the theory of sociotechnical frames to explain why Boeing pilots are allowed ultimate command of their aircraft whereas Airbus confers this authority to the flight computer. Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction For anyone who has ever flown on a large airplane owned by an airline based in an affluent country, the chances are almost exactly 50% that the plane will be made by Boeing Commercial Airplanes, and 50% that it will be made by Airbus S.A.S. At the same time, it is 100%...
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...Company announced plans to build a new “super-efficient” commercial jet called the “7E7” or “Dreamliner.” This was a “bet the farm” gamble by Boeing, similar in magnitude to its earlier introductions of the 747 and 777 airliners. The technological superiority of the new airframe, as well as the fact that it would penetrate a rapidly growing market segment, were arguments for approval of the project. On the other hand, the current market for commercial airplanes was depressed because of terrorism risks, war, and SARS, a contagious illness that resulted in global travel warnings. Boeing’s board of directors would need to weigh those considerations before granting final approval to proceed with the project. The task for students is to evaluate the 7E7 project against a financial standard, the investors’ required returns. The case gives internal rates of return (IRR) for the 7E7 project under base-case and alternative forecasts. The students must estimate a weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) for Boeing’s commercial-aircraft business segment in order to evaluate the IRRs. As a result of that analysis, the students identify the key value drivers and distinguish, on a qualitative basis, the key gambles that Boeing is making. The general objective of this case is to exercise students’ skills in estimating a weighted-average cost of capital and cost of equity. The need for students to estimate a segment WACC draws out their abilities to critique different estimates of...
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...Company announced plans to build a new “super-efficient” commercial jet called the “7E7” or “Dreamliner.” This was a “bet the farm” gamble by Boeing, similar in magnitude to its earlier introductions of the 747 and 777 airliners. The technological superiority of the new airframe, as well as the fact that it would penetrate a rapidly growing market segment, were arguments for approval of the project. On the other hand, the current market for commercial airplanes was depressed because of terrorism risks, war, and SARS, a contagious illness that resulted in global travel warnings. Boeing’s board of directors would need to weigh those considerations before granting final approval to proceed with the project. The task for students is to evaluate the 7E7 project against a financial standard, the investors’ required returns. The case gives internal rates of return (IRR) for the 7E7 project under base-case and alternative forecasts. The students must estimate a weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) for Boeing’s commercial-aircraft business segment in order to evaluate the IRRs. As a result of that analysis, the students identify the key value drivers and distinguish, on a qualitative basis, the key gambles that Boeing is making. The general objective of this case is to exercise students’ skills in estimating a weighted-average cost of capital and cost of equity. The need for students to estimate a segment WACC draws out their abilities to critique different estimates of...
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...The Pennsylvania State University Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering IE466: Concurrent Engineering Individual Homework #1 – Boeing 787: The Dreamliner Boeing 787: The Dreamliner Case Study (download from Angel) During the past decade, Boeing watched as their competitor, Airbus, launched several new and very successful aircraft. In 2004, Airbus surpassed Boeing in commercial airplanes delivered and future orders placed. This is the first time that Boeing has ever lost its leading market share. The 787 is the first new airplane that Boeing has introduced to the market in a decade. This case study examines how the 787 is strategically transforming Boeing’s approach to aircraft design and development, and Boeing itself. Questions for Boeing 787 Dreamliner Case Study 1. Is the 787 appropriately positioned in the marketplace with a high likelihood of success? Why or why not? The Boeing 787 is in fact positioned in the marketplace with a high likelihood of success. The 787 has a good design, and the aircraft is designed in a way that is tailored to its customer. Composed of a new material composite, the aircraft has a lighter weight and higher fuel efficiency than any other aircraft. The aircraft also made sure the composite materials are non-corroding so that the aircraft lasts longer. It has a unique feature both for cargo and passengers. The seats/cabins are bigger, and new technology is installed for the...
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...9-201-028 REV: APRIL 26, 2004 BENJAMIN ESTY Airbus A3XX: Developing the World's Largest Commercial Jet (A) Aviation is a great business to be in, provided you have limitless money at your disposal, limitless confidence in your ability to get everything right the 1 first time, and limitless resolve and iron nerve. EADS (Airbus) is betting the company on this aircraft. 2 On June 23, 2000, Airbus Industrie’s Supervisory Board approved an Authorization to Offer (ATO) the A3XX, a proposed super jumbo jet that would seat from 550 to 990 passengers, have a list price of $216 million, and cost $13 billion to develop. Before the Board would commit to industrial launch, the point at which significant expenditures would begin, it hoped to secure orders for 50 jets from as many as five major airlines. While Airbus had been courting potential customers for many years—in fact, development had been underway since 1990—the ATO gave the sales force permission to begin taking firm orders for the plane with delivery starting in 2006. Airbus management announced the first orders for the A3XX at the bi-annual Air Show in Farnborough, England, in July 2000. Noël Forgeard, Airbus’ CEO, reported that Air France, Emirates Airlines, and International Lease Finance Corporation had agreed to order ten, seven, and five jets, 3 respectively, and that there were another 30 orders lined up. The initial orders were a positive, though not unexpected, sign. The real question, however...
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...unveil plans for yet another new aircraft even before the double decker A380 takes its first test flight early next year. Studies on a new plane could start within weeks, Forgeard said, with industrial agreements signed by early 2006. "Airbus is bubbling over with new projects," he said. Forgeard's comments followed weeks of rumors that Airbus is set to revamp its A330, a midsize widebody jet, to counter Boeing Co.'s (BA ) superefficient 7E7 Dreamliner, a brand new 215-seater that's scheduled to get airborne in 2008. Boeing is banking on the 7E7, its first new model since the Boeing 777's launch in 1990, to help regain the lead from Airbus in the global commercial-jet duopoly. A revamped A330 would probably use lighter-weight composite materials and next-generation engines developed by Rolls-Royce PLC (RYCEY ) and General Electric Co. (GE ) for the 7E7. Most analysts reckon such a plane could get onto the market before the 7E7's scheduled debut. And the startup would probably cost no more than $2 billion, which Airbus could pay out of cash flow even as it wraps up the $13 billion A380 project. But will this idea ever fly? A reworked A330 might cost a little less than the 7E7's $120 million list price, but almost certainly couldn't match the fuel savings and operating efficiencies that are the Boeing plane's key selling points. Airbus could still opt to develop a new aircraft, but it wouldn't be ready for the market until at least three years after the 7E7 makes its debut. ...
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...Boeing and Capitalism in the United States of America Abstract This study investigates American capitalism in a historic perspective. The paper then proceeds to examine the issue on a meso-level with its relation to the company Boeing. Finally it discusses the various entrepreneurial decisions and their impact on the success and failures of the corporation. The approach has been reading relevant historical books, finding articles on the Internet and interpreting different views and opinions such as the theories of Schumpeter and Fligstein. The research shows that the American capitalism has changed towards a greater use of intervention that differs from the very laissez fare conditions that were dominating in the beginning of American capitalism, though it is still not comparable with the European conditions. The company Boeing is being subsidized by the government, which can be characterized as crony capitalism, since the cooperation between these organizations helped Boeing develop a monopoly in the market of aircraft manufacturing. The entrepreneurial decisions in corporate strategy and structure have led Boeing to both peaks and disappointments. Table of Contents Introduction 3 Phases of American capitalism 3 Characteristics of the American capitalism 4 The Corporation and the State 5 Globalization 6 The 1992 EU-US Agreement 7 The technological development 8 Analysis of the abovementioned development and its reflection on American capitalism 9 ...
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...COLLABORATION THE NECESSARY EVIL AT THE WORK PLACE School of Management Leadership and Organizational Behavior Abstract The purpose of this research is to showcase the necessity of collaboration at the work place. The nature of collaboration needed among different components of the work place, leading to high job satisfactions and increased productivity. I will also go into details on the other benefits that can be realized when these work units collaborate among each other. The company I will specifically be dealing with in this research is Boeing and how collaboration has worked into its ultimate success throughout the years. The Organization Organization: Boeing Location: Seattle Washington; headquarters in Chicago with presence in several countries around the world. Economic sector: Aerospace Industry. Services Offered: Manufacturing of commercial jetliners, Design, assemble and support defense systems, Satellites and launch vehicles among other services. Number of employees: over 170,000 employees in the United States alone. Website: http://www.boeing.com Background Boeing is a large company of more than 170,000 fulltime and part-time contingent employees. The company is located in Seattle Washington but its headquarters are in Chicago with other locations in the United States and a plethora of others all over the world. With such a large base of employees, the company’s strategy has to be well planned and coordinated to ensure delivery of customer’s...
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...Business Case Analysis Wael M. Zaoud MGT 521 May 28, 2012 Clance Doelling MBA, BSME Business Case Analysis Executive Summary The third week assignment examines The Boeing Company (BA) strategic initiatives taken in relative to the organization and operation adaptation to the developing competitive environment. Boeing operates as a global company and facing tough competition recently from Airbus, Lockheed Martin, EADS, Northrop Grumman, etc. Politics, finance, economy, and resources (to name a few) impact the global market in which Boeing operates. As a result, Boeing needs to constantly evaluate its global strategy and the tactics it uses to capture the market and maintain growth. Economic Trends Recent global events, including regional political turmoil, natural disasters, and debt crises, have affected global economic growth. While global growth is expected to recover, the risk of persistent high oil prices and debt contagion could have lasting effects on the economy (The Boeing Company, n.d.). Economic growth also could be affected by slowing trade liberalization in some regions. Reduced liberalization could prolong the recovery period, affecting the demand for air travel and new airplanes. Though recent data indicates that the global economy continues to recover, the pace of the recovery in 2011 has moderated compared to 2010. High oil prices, natural disasters (Japan earthquake) and resulting consequences in a politically unrest Middle East area pose as primary...
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...The Effect of “Front-Loading” Problem-Solving on Product Development Performance Stefan Thomke and Takahiro Fujimoto In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the link between problemsolving capabilities and product development performance. In this article, the authors apply a problem-solving perspective to the management of product development and suggest how shifting the identification and solving of problems—a concept that they define as front-loading—can reduce development time and cost and thus free up resources to be more innovative in the marketplace. The authors develop a framework of front-loading problem-solving and present related examples and case evidence from development practice. These examples include Boeing’s and Chrysler’s experience with the use of “digital mock-ups” to identify interference problems that are very costly to solve if identified further downstream—sometimes as late as during or—after first full-scale assembly. In the article, the authors propose that front-loading can be achieved using a number of different approaches, two of which are discussed in detail: (1) projectto-project knowledge transfer—leverage previous projects by transferring problem and solution-specific information to new projects; and (2) rapid problemsolving—leverage advanced technologies and methods to increase the overall rate at which development problems are identified and solved. Methods for improving project-to-project knowledge transfer include the effective...
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...| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------- Dynamics of Strategy * Evaluation of external business environment of Boeing * A critical assessment of the strategic resource capability (strategic fit) * Provide detailed recommendations after assessment of the feasibility, acceptability and suitability of Boeing * A detailed implementation plan NOTE: SEE APPENDICES FOR DETAILED ANALYSISFor Assignment or Dissertation Help, Please Contact: | Muhammad Sajid Saeed+44 141 4161015Email: tosajidsaeed@hotmail.comSkype ID: tosajidsaeed | | TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 03 2. VISION, MISSION, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES ----------------------------------------------- 03 3. STRATEGIC ANALYSIS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 04 3.1 INTERNAL ANALYSIS -------------------------------------------------------------------- 04 3.1.1 RESOURCE-BASED VIEW ---------------------------------------------------- 04 3.1.2 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS ----------------------------------------------------- 06 3.1.3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS --------------------------------------------------------- 07 3.2 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS -------------------------------------------------------------------- 08 3.2.1 PEST ANALYSIS ---------------------------------------------------------------- 08 3.2.2 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES...
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...be involved in any planning; Ecological processes preserved, one should have the right to have a healthy life; Inter generational equality, what one does today should not affect tomorrow; Fairness and opportunity, one should be entitle to a job anywhere and finally, Ecological Productivity should be preserved, one should not do anything to reduce the variety of natural life. Sustainable Aviation (2011) defines sustainable aviation as a long term approach to dealing with the 5 concepts mentioned in the Brundtland Report and ensuring a more sustainable industry, SA evaluates various sustainability problems the industry faces such as social issues, noise nuisance, air quality, natural resources, etc and it works with UK airlines to try and develop some of the key sustainability issues within the industry. Daley, B. (2010:165) states there are different concepts which elaborate on what sustainability is in the tourism industry and looks different methods which can be carried out for companies to be more sustainable e.g. UN Conference on Ecological sustainable development started in 1972 and was where the concept of sustainable tourism began. Since then, Daley, B. (2010:65) explains...
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...Industry & Competitor Analysis BUS 630 – Spring 2008 Instructor: Email: Office Hrs: Course page: Russell Coff (www.bus.emory.edu/rcoff/) Russ_Coff@bus.emory.edu by appointment www.bus.emory.edu/rcoff/Bus630.html Phone: (404) 727-0526 FAX: (404) 727-6313 Revised 1/22/08 Course Overview and Objectives This course delves deeper into some strategy topics that you may have only touched upon earlier related to how firms gain a competitive advantage over rivals. In addition, since ICA tends to integrate quantitative and qualitative analysis more than other courses, you will have the opportunity to apply knowledge and skills you've gained across the curriculum (e.g., from finance, ISOM, Marketing, O&M, and Strategy). Building Competitive Advantage The broad focus of the course is on building competitive advantage with special emphasis on how firms can gain access to new resources or capabilities that may grant a competitive edge. We explore strategic investments that are required to compete effectively in uncertain and turbulent environments. Managers often throw up their hands and argue that planning isn’t useful when the landscape is shifting rapidly. However, with the right set of tools, strategic management can have an even greater impact in this setting. We place special emphasis on competitive advantages that stem from valuable and hard-toimitate resources or capabilities. Accordingly, we will focus much of our energy on the question of how to build, acquire or ally to gain...
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