...Gonsoulin, S., Zablocki, M., & Leone, P. E. (2012). Safe Schools, Staff Development, and the School-to-Prison Pipeline. Teacher Education and Special Education,35(4), 309-319. doi:10.1177/0888406412453470 This article discusses the best practices in school staff development in an attempt to change school management and discipline practices. It explains that changing school culture and replacing it with systems that supports youth development and minimizing punitive, ineffective responses to behavior problems in challenging, but not impossible. Also, the article touches base on areas discussing: The importance of providing effective staff development, professional learning communities, the Denver plan: a model for three-tiered staff development,...
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...youth to prison” (p. 9). This report shows that little is being left to provide treatment, prevention, and education; which is one of the main issues why the cycle of recidivism and unemployment doesn’t end. In a 2008 report, the Pew Center found that between 1987 and 2007 funding for higher education grew roughly 21 percent while funding’s for correction grew 127 percent. This report is a clear indicator that when prison spending increases education funding’s diminishes and schools become under-resourced; leading to staff being let go, reduction of programs and shortages in school supplies to provide a welcoming learning environment. Sylvia Saunders wrote an article where she provided statements from people, such as the President of the Yonkers...
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...Race and Social Justice: Land of the Slaves Racism is common. It depicts how people think they are superior to others. Black people have experienced racism or discrimination from white people. Racism in America is like a form of xenophobia. White people harass the people who are not so powerful or who they just don't like. Discrimination is the leading cause of violence in America. It is a strange phenomenon that we are continually scrambling to make sense of. It is evident in our judicial system, schools, and it powers our politics. There are cases of discrimination in our schools, justice system, and prisons. The three articles discuss the causes, effects, and solutions to these problems. Mary Ellen Flannery, in " The School-to-Prison Pipeline:...
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...Discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin is morally wrong and a violation of the principle of equality. Even though it is not yet uhuru when it comes to racism in the social fabric of American life, but significant progress has been made towards eradicating the scourge, especially in criminal justice system. This is more evident in the robust and greater scrutiny of the criminal justice practitioners. That racism exist in the US criminal system may be politically controversial, but I think the facts speak for itself. There is racial information availability for each step of the criminal justice system, from the use of drugs, police stop, arrests, getting out on bail, legal representation, jury selection, trial, sentencing, prison, parole, freedom and juvenile offender rehabilitation....
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...Pipelines OZ Location classification I thought I might start a serious of posts on location classification, since it’s an important concept in AS 2885 and some aspects of it cause confusion. To start with the basics, location classification is a way of categorising land uses to reflect the threats to and from the pipeline. Where there are lots of people there is not only likely to be an increased level of activity that might result in pipeline damage, but the consequences of a serious pipeline failure will probably also be greater. So in more populated areas we need more stringent protection against pipeline failure. The primary purpose of the AS 2885 location classes is to draw attention to the greater risk level in more populated areas so that the pipeline can be designed (or managed) appropriately. The standard doesn’t actually have many fixed rules that vary between location classes. The most important set of rules are in Section 4.7, Special Provisions for High Consequence Areas. Apart from that it has some fairly common-sense requirements for things like depth of cover and sign spacing, although even those often make little distinction between R1 and R2, or between T1 and T2. My view is that the most important function of location classification is to help focus the safety management study on the areas where the likelihood and/or consequences of a failure may be greatest. For that reason I don’t care much about getting the location classification exactly right...
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...Crime statistics and incarceration rates reveal that young African American men are prosecuted and imprisoned at higher rates than their Non-Hispanic White counterparts. Although the total number of incarcerations by race does not vary significantly, the age of prisoners by race is meaningful. In December 2011, the U.S. Department of Justice statistics for sentenced male prisoners under state and federal jurisdiction totaled 1,537,415. Broken down by race, African American lacks totaled 555,300 prisoners with Whites totaling 465,100 and Hispanics 331,500. As the assignment scenario noted, in 2003 there was disparity between the incarceration rates for males aged 25-29 among races. As of 2011, rates for the same age group do not show as wide of a gap. In 2011, White males ages 25 to 29 comprised 14.4 percent of incarcerated males compared to 16.5 percent African American lacks and 18.8 percent Hispanics. The statistics from the U.S. Department of Justice for 2011 show that, “More than half (52%) of white male prisoners were age 39 or younger, compared to 63% of black and 68% of Hispanic male prisoners.” There remains disparity when age is factored into the incarceration rates with eleven percent more Blacks and sixteen percent more Hispanics incarcerated than Whites for those 39 and younger. In addition, one must consider that African Americans have higher rates of arrest, conviction, and incarceration when they total a minority number in the population. When evaluating...
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...First, acquiring English was tough. Secondly, first day of school classroom introductions were embarrassing, because I feared classmates would assume I was undocumented if disclosed I was Mexican. Thirdly, I vividly recall a insensitive educator, who I confided in about my migratory status, making threatening statements about my deportation being a phone call away if he or she pleased. Lastly, understanding my immigration status signified high expectations to pursue a college education, and outstanding grades in order to become a scholarships recipient as an alternative to financial...
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...The Detection of Gravitational Waves, How Close Are We? Since the realization that the general theory of relativity predicts gravitational waves, there have been attempts to actually detect these waves. Indirect observations have been made that support their existence but no direct measurement. This paper gives a brief explanation of gravitational waves and discusses the current condition of the experimental search for gravitational waves. It deals with the newest techniques that will enable their detection. The focus of the paper is on three experimental groups: LIGO, VIRGO, and LISA. From our research of these groups we believe that the detection of gravitational waves will occur within the next decade. Gravitational waves: Understanding and Detection Gravitational waves carry information about catastrophic events in the universe. We give a brief description of gravitational waves with an overview of the current projects underway to detect them. We begin by discussing the theoretical prediction of gravitational waves from Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. We listseveral possible sources of these waves and describe how they produce gravitational waves. We also discussthe characteristic signals each source sendsto Earth. We outline advantages and challenges for several detection methods now being...
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...tolerated and who is being affected by it? Were you aware of it? Source 1A & B Personally, I think any form of human trafficking and slavery no matter how minimal it is, is a serious offense against humanity and the greater good of the world in general. In Florida alone in the past years has seen thousands of people working in Florida tomato fields against their will. Additionally, in South Haven, Michigan State, companies such as Adkin Blue Ribbon Packing Company have children as young as five years old working in their blueberry fields (Patel, Hill, Eslocker, & Ross, 2009). Chemicals and pesticides used in these fields are toxic to the workers causing serious respiratory and carcinogenic diseases. Unfortunately, most of these cases go unreported. However, over the years after outcries by human activists and other human rights organizations who are against this kind of labor force, law enforcement officials have worked tirelessly over the last couple of years to free thousands of ‘slaves’ and prosecute those involved in this outrageous crime against humanity. Some of those who found themselves in these unkind working conditions had come seeking better lives for themselves and their families while others were ‘sold’ into slavery. Ironically, most Americans know and ponder over child labor as a problem everywhere else except in America, and shamelessly I fall into that category. How much of a problem is sex trafficking in Charlotte, North Carolina and does this surprise...
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...LESSEN THE IMPACT OF DIVORCE Michael Jennings DeVry University Lessen the Impact of Divorce Charlie is 9 years old and lives in a single parent home where the parent works to support the family, where not much time is spent with Charlie, who must figure certain things out on his own. Where does Charlie go after school? If no one is home having Charlie home alone is not a very good option. If siblings or friends are there but, no adult is present during the after school hours, home is still not a very good option. The term “latch-key” kid is one who has their own key to their home and is expected to be home with minimal supervision. Once a child reaches a certain responsible age, being a latch-key kid often makes sense. Charlie must get home safe from school, stay out of trouble, and complete his homework, with little to no adult supervision. After-school activities should be available to Charlie because he may not be responsible enough or his parents may not trust him to be home alone yet. Everyone is affected by the consequences of parental divorce, especially the children involved. In any society, the children are the future. In the United States alone, 40 to 50% of first marriages end in divorce, according to the American Psychological Association. As citizens of the United States, we are all stakeholders of our future and should care about the well-being of all our children, especially those of disadvantaged environments such as parental divorce. Additional resources...
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...educational system. During the twentieth century public schools for white and colored children were segregated but “equal”. In 1954, the Supreme Court held one of the biggest cases known as Brown vs. The Board of Education. This case proved that segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court made one of the biggest decisions that became known in the twentieth century to remove the Separate But Equal law that...
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...American Sociological Association’s Research and Development Department surveyed a sample of close to 1,800 seniors to find out their satisfaction with the sociology major and their future plans for work, graduate school, or both. Early in 2007 we resurveyed the class of 2005 to find out what they were doing with their bachelor’s degree since graduation.1 This Data Brief, the first in a series of downloadable publications from the second wave of the survey, provides information on the post-graduate activities of graduates, the kinds of jobs they held as of December 2006, their satisfaction with these jobs, and the changes in their overall satisfaction with the sociology major. Figure 1 compares the 2005 responses of senior majors as to their future plans with their 2007 reports as to what they actually were doing. The figure shows that in 2005, 40 percent of respondents planned to work and not attend graduate school after they obtained their _________________________________________________ 1The response rate for the second wave of the survey was 44 percent or 778 graduates. FIGURE 1: MORE SOCIOLOGY BACHELOR’S RECEPIENTS ARE WORKING, PLANS FOR THE FUTURE AT TIME 1 VS. STATUS AT TIME 2 (in Percents) 42.1 Job Only 60.3 22.2 Grad School Only 13.1 26.9 Both 22.0 Wave 1 Wave 2 8.8 Neither 4.7 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Source: ASA Research and Development Department, What Can I Do With a Bachelor's Degree in Sociology...
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...Mohammed Alabdulwahid Reg Johanson English 103-04 Ode to the joy of yes moments The struggle to create awareness Tears for the sake of joy There have been many negative issues covered in our class throughout this semester. Issues have ranged from social injustices, colonialism, and women’s rights. Some included personal tragedies concerning women of Aboriginal descent living in British Columbia. It has been quite emotional at times to actually read about the struggles that have taken place right here in British Columbia regarding immigrants and Aboriginal people. We even got to meet the author of Mercenary English, Mercedes Eng, in person to make the words of her story really come to life. However, not all of the books we have studied convey negative outlooks of certain problems being faced. There have been positive social changes, personal victories and many moments that make the reader believe things can be made right if an effort is put into it. This research essay will focus on the positive view portrayed in three books studied this semester which include: Mercenary English, Active Geographies-Women and Struggles on the Left Coast and the Unnatural and Accidental Women. The positive themes discussed will display triumphs on a personal level, meaningful change on a social stage and a look at how social activism deeply connects people together. Firstly, Mercenary English has a very unique way of showing social injustice, believed to be carried out in the eyes of its...
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...an act of omission or commission of an offense where perpetrators risk facing state prosecution and legal punishment. Therefore, the sociological study of deviance looks at various social laws, their influence on the individual and societal behavior, and potential punishments for lawbreakers. Indeed, Kubrin, Stucky, & Krohn, (2009) note that sociology appreciates the fact that social norms vary in description across societies. This implies that an action that is deviant to one community may be morally acceptable to another. Moreover, sociology recognizes that while societies play a more important role than individuals do in creating and imposing norms and rules. This means that views on deviant acts existing in individuals more likely relate to their society’s responses to the behavior (Kubrin, Stucky, & Krohn, 2009). Norms are rules and expectations by which members of society are conventionally guided. Deviance is a failure to conform to these norms. Social norms differ from culture to culture. For example, a deviant act can be committed in one society that breaks a social norm there, but may be normal for another society. Over the years, sociologists have come up with numerous theories and concepts that help explain the causes, effects, and solutions to deviance. For instance, originally studied at the Chicago School, the social disorganization theory owes its application to deviance as a social issue to Roger Miller and Larry Gainer. The theory identifies social...
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...Standardized Testing: An Ineffective Way to Measure Students’ Intelligence High-stakes testing turns many classrooms and schools into prep centers rather than offering rich, engaging, well-rounded instruction. Rote and narrow instruction bores and alienates students, making them tune out and feel they are little more than their scores (FairTest, 2004). High schools exit exams (FairTest, 2008) push many thousands of students out of school. As a result of these factors, urban graduation rates have decreased. Some students see no realistic option other than dropping out; some are deliberately pushed out or fail the tests. Either way, these young people are much more likely to end up in trouble or in prison. ("How Testing Feeds the School-to-Prison Pipeline") According to Peter D. Hart, a research associate for the Association of American Colleges and Universities, standardized tests unfairly measure students’ intelligence and academic performance. Therefore, the tests must be changed drastically or abandoned completely. Educators and parents have vocalized their view on the rising number of standardized tests the government has implemented in efforts to improve education in American schools. In light of the No Child Left Behind legislation under President George W. Bush, the government administers more and more tests to children, predominantly in lower grade levels ("Standardized Testing"). Along with No Child Left Behind, opponents have shown their disapproval of these...
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