...Background The following students intend to have a promising research study contributing to the community creating a useful tool. This research project is an addition of what so called Microbial Fuel Cell a newly discovered technology on producing electricity using bacteria. In this Technology if an electrode is placed in waste water, bacteria automatically begin to grow on it. These bacteria are capable of transforming the organic compounds present in the water into electricity. This process purifies the waste water, which in and of itself is a useful application. But researchers from Wageningen UR and Wetsus, a water technology institute, who are working with each other as part of the Microbial Fuel Cell project, are more interested in generating electricity. They are testing organic materials which may act as catalysts on the process. They are also improving the design of the model to enable generating electricity on a larger scale. How a microbial fuel cell works A microbial fuel or biofuel cell requires: * Two electrodes * Bacteria such as those present in waste water or manure * A conducting wire with resistor (such as a light bulb) That’s why the students come up with idea of using this technology on indicating the amount of Dissolved Oxygen present in the water, because we all know that bacteria also consumes Dissolved Oxygen and they are the one affects the quality of water whether it’s safe or not. The researchers wanted to use this idea to innovate...
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...different plant crude extract on Mosquito Larvae by Martinez, Jose Djairus Mari C. Oclarit, Jaymee Navora, Jane Andrea Baquiran, Sushmica Cruz, Krystian Wilson Lee A special problem submitted to Ma’am Teodora Ballancod University of the Philippines Baguio in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Botany 109: Plant Taxonomy Department of Biology October 2011 Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………… 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Statement of Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Statement of Hypothesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Significance of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Scopes and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Review of Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Research Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Discussion...
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...Abstract Purpose One of the best ways to keep a yard clear of biting mosquitoes is to use a mosquito trap. When set up properly, just one or two of these ingenious devices can kill thousands of mosquitoes and all but wipe out a local population. The style of trap varies by brand, but generally they range from indoor units the size of air purifiers to large units that resemble barbecue grills. Some run on electricity, while others are powered by propane tanks. You can easily reduce the number of mosquitoes on your property with a plastic bottle trap that will attract and kill the mosquitoes. The liquid in each trap will last about two weeks, and then, it can be easily replaced. For increased effectiveness, place multiple traps around your house or property. Procedure Used Get a large 2 liter Coke/Pepsi/Fanta, etc plastic soda bottle. This is the kind that takes a couple of hands to hold onto. Empty the bottle by drinking or draining. Take the cap off and throw away. Just below the point where the neck of the bottle straightens out onto the body of the bottle, cut it across. So now you have a funnel and a cylinder. Invert the funnel into the cylinder. It should fit snugly. A piece of tape will seal it, but may not be necessary. Fill about 1/3 of the cylinder part with a mixture of dry yeast, warm water, and honey (or sugar). Use about 1 Tablespoon of yeast (This is about 1 package of yeast bought at the local grocery and often used to make...
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...Case Study: Water Issues in the Southwest 1. Prior appropriation water rights are rights that are created on the appropriation doctrine, which is developed in Western states. These water rights are different from riparian water rights, which is rights for the eastern states. In the western states, water supplies are very limited and the right is also allotted to those who are “first in time if use.” Winters water rights is referred to as “reserved water rights.” The rights states that when an American Indian then states that when an American Indian reservation is established by either a treaty, statute, or executive order implied reservation of water rights is included in said treaty, statute, or executive order. These water rights apply to water sources that are either within he reservation or bordering it. The conflict is the controversy in some areas of water law including quantification and administration of tribal water rights. The Winters take a priority. 2. Southwest tribes have powerful rights to water, at least on paper. Most tribes have a priority water right that dates back to the creation of their reservations. Some tribes have entered into settlements regarding their water rights, but many have not. It is not possible to be ethical and address everyone’s water rights. Whether tribal water rights are settled, adjudicated, or as yet unquantified, global warming’s effects on water will only heighten the tension that exists with regard to access to the west’s...
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...the partial fulfillment of the award of the Diploma of PGDM and this work has not been submitted for similar purpose anywhere else except to IAMR, Ghaziabad, approved by AICTE. Date: Place: (ASHISH KUMAR SAINI) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the Management of HUL at Jaipur for providing me the opportunity to get an exposure of their esteemed unit. I am sincerely thankful to the HR department for coordinating my training and explicitly express my thanks to Mr. Shahnawaz Alam for their continued help and guidance during my stay there. Last but not the least, I express my deep gratitude to my mentor Miss. Subodh Choudhary for sending me to a large integrated water division of Pureit of HUL and giving me a chance to acquire experience of my lifetime. I also express my thanks to parents and all family members and friends who directly or indirectly provided me their moral support....
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...species, because they are sprayed or spread across entire agricultural fields. Runoff can carry pesticides into aquatic environments while wind can carry them to other fields, grazing areas, human settlements and undeveloped areas, potentially affecting other species. Other problems emerge from poor production, transport and storage practices. Over time, repeated application increases pest resistance, while its effects on other species can facilitate the pest's resurgence. Each pesticide or pesticide class comes with a specific set of environmental concerns. Such undesirable effects have led many pesticides to be banned, while regulations have limited and/or reduced the use of others. Over time, pesticides have generally become less persistent and more species-specific, reducing their environmental footprint. In addition the amounts of pesticides applied per hectare have declined, in some cases by 99%. However, the global spread of pesticide use, including the use of older/obsolete pesticides that have been banned in some jurisdictions, has increased overall. Agriculture and the environment The arrival of humans in an area, to live or to conduct agriculture, necessarily has environmental impacts. These range from simple crowding out of wild plants in favor of more desirable cultivars to larger scale impacts such as reducing biodiversity by reducing food availability of native species, which can propagate across food chains. The use of agricultural chemicals such as fertilizer...
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...Tides Raymond A Martin College of Central Florida Abstract There are large, toxic blooms of dinoflagellates that leave a red coloration in the water. This rouge discoloring has become known as a red tide. Red tides have many damaging effects on the coastal environment and the ecosystem of the seas. They occur naturally as far north as southern Alaska to date. This paper will discuss what a red tide is and some of its causes. It will also explore the environmental impacts as well as health risks associated with these large toxic blooms. Next, we’ll look at the economic effect and the sociological impact of a red tide. Lastly, we can examine what to do to protect yourself from its harmful effects. Red Tide/Red Algae Effects What is Red Tide? Harmful algal blooms, or HABs, occur when colonies of algae—simple plants that live in the sea and freshwater—grow out of control while producing toxic or harmful effects on people, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and birds. The human illnesses caused by HABs, though rare, can be debilitating or even fatal. While many people call these blooms 'red tides,' scientists prefer the term harmful algal bloom. (NOAA 2012) Algal blooms, during which algae become so numerous that they discolor the coastal waters, visibly seen as reddish-brown. The algal bloom may also deplete oxygen in the waters and/or release toxins that may cause illness in humans and other animals. Species in the United States that release these harmful toxins include: ...
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...human. It can be transferred from one person to another if their heads become close to each another. These became a huge problem for humans because not only it is itchy but are also multiplying fast. To solve this problem scientist found out that coconut oil is good in getting rid of lice. As Kerry Wennerstern (2013) says, coconut oil is one of those natural remedies that you can use that won’t harm your child and it worked a treat and so much easier and safer than using any commercial product. Coconut oil is one of the most used oil in all different aspects. It can be used as a moisturizer, as massage oil that has soothing effect, and one interesting use of it is as treatment of lice removal. Some other remedies in removing lice with coconut oil is combined with another ingredient so that it would be more effective. Coconut oil can be bought in supermarkets as is or can be made manually by extracting it from a coconut. In the Philippines that is a tropical country; a lot of kids tend to get lice especially during summer because lice love to hide under the hair or basically our scalp that is covered by our hair. Dr. Cheryl L. Levin (2012) a dermatologist said that lice are not because of poor hygiene. As for that many Filipinos do this kind of practice especially in province where a lot of coconut grows. Many of them has experienced the effectiveness of coconut oil for that case but here in Manila they use commercial products that uses chemical in order to kill lice such...
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...Chapter I Background of the Study The twentieth century has witnessed tremendous advances in the understanding of infectious diseases, but many problems remain. Skin diseases are a common threat to humans that could be prevented by antibiotic treatment. Carbuncle, a skin disorder, is caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that may occur as a commensal and may affect other tissues when normal barriers have been breached. Researchers around the globe developed antibiotics, such as penicillin and glycopeptides that could kill or slow down the growth of S. aureus bacteria. By 1950, it was reported that 40% of the hospital S. aureus isolates were penicillin and glycopeptide resistant; and recently, this has risen to 80%. Microciona prolifera, or red sponge, contains substances with antibiotic capacity that could kill or slow down the growth of a strain of S. aureus bacteria suggesting possibilities for creating novel drugs to treat the infectious skin disease. This study aims to determine the most efficient antibiotic solution of ectyonin extract from Microciona prolifera against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Statement of the Problem General Problem This study aims to compare which of the different solutions of Ectyonin extract from Microciona prolifera is the most effective in inhibiting the growth of the bacteria. Specific Problem Specifically it aims to answer the following questions: 1. Which of the four solutions...
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...“Chemicals in the meat we eat.” What is the event/hazard/issue? Based on what I have read from the article “Natural News” Processed meat has many harmful ingredients and is packaged to be put up and stored for a long period of time. Containing sodium nitrate, the cancer-causing chemical additive that meat companies use as a color fixer to turn their meat products a bright red "fresh-looking" color. Basically every meat there is besides fresh meat includes sodium nitrate unless it says Nitrate free. Is it natural, anthropogenic, or both? This is 100% anthropogenic. Humans purposely put these chemical into the food to make them last longer, they inject the sodium nitrate in the meat to give it a fresh look along with other chemicals such as Monosodium glutamate. It is the second dangerous chemical found in virtually all processed meat products. The chemical is linked to disorders such as migraine headaches, Alzheimer's disease, loss of appetite control, obesity and many other serious health conditions. Describe the impact on earths systems. It does not necessarily have an impact on the systems as much as it has an impact on our whole population. If we don't try to take a stand on the issue they will continue to poison our meat. Describe the human impacts. The human impacts are pretty simple and well know that foods like hotdogs, beef jerky,peporni, and sausage are packaged meats that we eat every day and continue to be at risk to get cancer. Is this Science valid...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION I. Background of the Study Mosquitoes are insects in the order Diptera. They usually breed in transient water sources, such as flooded areas, snowpools, and ditches (Rutgers [date unknown]). A mosquito goes through four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Most eggs hatch into larvae within 48 hours (Biology Notes… 1983). Mosquitoes are vectors of numerous diseases. Aedes aegypti, a domestic mosquito living in close association with humans, is the primary vector of yellow fever and is also a potential vector of dog heartworm, Murray Valley encephalitis and Ross River viruses (Zettel and Kauffman 2008; Russell 1996). Moreover, it is the principal vector of dengue viruses in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world (Luz and others 2008). The dengue viruses acquired from the said species are known to cause an estimated 50 million human infections annually (Olson and others [date unknown]). Dengue cases in Iloilo province has been reported to reach 4,825 with 27 deaths from January 1 to September 18, 2010 (The News Today 2010). Humans acquire the diseases carried by Ae. aegypti through mosquito bites. Since there is no effective vaccine for the control of these diseases, prevention of these bites is used as an alternative control (Tawatsin and others 2006). Furthermore, the control of these diseases depends on reduction and elimination of Ae. aegypti (Olson and others [date unknown]). Nowadays, the Philippine government relies on direct...
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...What Water is Worth We Need Clean Water to Survive Thomas Fuller, an English author, once wrote, “We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.” Humans are not the only organisms dependent on water for survival. Plants, animals, and the entire planet Earth are dependent on water. The Earth is made up mostly of water, but only three percent of that water can be considered fresh enough for human consumption. With only three percent of the Earth’s water able to be consumed, it is imperative that the cleanliness of the water be sustained by all humans. Water pollution was such a growing issue in the US that the government established the Clean Water Act in 1948, and then revised in 1977. The Clean Water Act made it illegal for anyone to “discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters, unless a permit was obtained” (Environmental Protection Agency, 2/12). Under the original Clean Water Act in 1948, no dumping was allowed by anyone in order to protect the cleanliness of the water. In 1977, it was amended to add that if a permit was obtained, dumping was acceptable. Because of the amendment, the Clean Water Act now only reduces the amount of pollutants going into our water system. Water Pollution: A Growing Issue Water pollution has become a large global issue, especially in developing countries where it is a struggle to find clean drinking water for the inhabitants of the region. There are currently seven different types of water pollution;...
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...the taboos that Islam impose. Abortion means to kill a baby when he or she is just a fetus. It has a lot of reasons, it can be wanted or sometimes a woman aborts for health reasons. However, a baby is a gift from God, and a mom who kills her baby knows that and has strong reasons to kill her own creation. Abortion may be prohibited by Islam, but nowadays, this act is considerate as a subject of conflicts between pros and cons. Therefore, I completely agree with those who fight to allowed abortion. Opponents of abortion say that this act is a crime and to kill a baby for any reason is against the law in Morocco and the punishment is prison and sometimes death penalty. They do not care on the reasons; So what can they say if I tell them that health is a reason that cannot be discussed? I found some cases that show that if a mother gives birth to a baby, she will die. Don’t they see that it is a danger for the mother? What will happen to this baby without his mother? In this case, there are some extreme cases in which the mother has AIDS or a handicap that will affect the baby. Are these risks to take just to have a baby? To care about the feelings of the baby, when he will growth is very important. It reminds me a French dwarf couple, the woman got pregnant, all her entourage told her to abort but she was against this idea. She gave birth to a normal baby. This baby became a boy who suffers from his parents’ image; he tried to kill himself more than once, and every time he told...
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...slashed through her mind. Was there a presence in this room last night that tried to kill her? Did she see the ghostly image of Sean O’Malley? Is Ms. Emily right and someone or something is haunting Glendara? Shaking the fogginess from her brain, she determined that what happened last night was all in her head. To think I saw what I thought I saw is complete nonsense. Get a grip. You had a nightmare. She added fervently. At least I hope so. Stretching like a cat, she swung her legs to the side of the bed to perch on the edge. She gave the room a quick scan. Checking the chair by the window, the folded clothes...
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...(Reuters) - With the failure this weekend of BP's "top kill" attempt to plug its leaking Gulf of Mexico oil well, fears are growing that the economic and environmental impact of the nearly six-week-old spill can only spread. Here are some facts about effects of the worst ever U.S. oil spill, triggered by the April 20 explosion of the Deepwater Horizon rig: THE SCALE OF THE CATASTROPHE "This is probably the biggest environmental disaster we have ever faced in this country," top White House energy adviser Carol Browner said on Sunday. "There could be oil coming up 'til August." Browner told CBS's "Face The Nation," "We are prepared for the worst." Louisiana, the nearest state to BP's gushing undersea well that is 42 miles out in the Gulf of Mexico, has been the most impacted by the spill so far. Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal said this week that more than 100 miles of Louisiana's 400-mile coast had so far been impacted by the spilled oil. State officials have reported sheets of oil soiling wetlands and seeping into marine and bird nurseries, leaving a stain of sticky crude on cane that binds the marshes together. Billy Nungesser, president of Plaquemines Parish, saw dying cane and "no life" in parts of Pass-a-Loutre wildlife refuge. "Oil debris", in the form of tar balls and surface "sheen", has also been reported coming ashore since the April 20 accident in outlying parts of coastal Mississippi and Alabama. In the week of May 17, Coast Guard officials found tar balls...
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