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Service Sector
The service sector covers a wide range of activities from the most sophisticated information technology (IT) to simple service provided by the unorganized sector , such as the services of the barber and plumber . National accounts classification of the services sector incorporate trade, hostels and restaurants; transport, storage and communication; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social and personal services. The service sector consists of the "soft" parts of the economy, i.e. activities where people offer their knowledge and time to improve productivity, performance, potential, and sustainability, what is termed affective labor. The basic characteristic of this sector is the production of services instead of end products. Services (also known as "intangible goods") incl7ude attention, advice, access, experience, and discussion. The service industry forms a backbone of social and economic development of a region. It is one of the major sectors in the non-good producing industries under private ownership. Approximately 55%of the economic activity of us occurs in service industries comprising of different divisions as classified by North American industry classifications system (NAICS). In World Trade Organization (WTO) and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) classifications, construction is also included. Service sector is the lifeline for the social economic growth of a country. In the day of largest and fastest growing sector globally contributing more to the globally contributing more to the global output and employing more people than any other sector. The real reason for the growth of service is due to the increase in urbanization, privatization and more demand for intermediate and final consumer services. Availability of quality services is vital for the well being of the economy. In advanced economic the growth in the primary and secondary secondary sector are directly dependent on the growth of services like banking, insurance, trade, commerce, entertainment.

The service sectors of Indian economy that have grown faster than the economy are as follow:- 1. Information technology 2. IT-enabled services 3. Telecommunications 4. financial services 5. Community services 6. Hotels and Restaurants

Introduction about IT industry
Information technology is playing an important role in India today & has transformed India's image from a slow moving bureaucratic economy to a land of innovative entrepreneurs. The IT sector in India is generating 2.5 million direct employments. India is now one of the biggest IT capitals of the modern world and all the major players in the world IT sector are present in the country
The Indian it industry is growing steadily despite the global meltdown in the year 2009. When the whole of the world witnessed the negative growth Indian it industry still managed to register a growth of 5.5%. the industry is about to register the historic landmark od us $50 billion export this year.
Indian it sector is growing substantially with its 1. Expansion into varied verticals 2. Well differentiated service offerings 3. Increasing geographic penetrate

Information technology refers to processing, storing and transferring information. It uses computers, electronic devices such as telephones; mobile phones fax machines etc. and telecommunication network

Definitions
Information technology association of America defined by
“The study, design, development, support or management of computer based information system, particularly software applications and computer hardware.” IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process and security retrieve information.
It deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information securely.
Current Scenario
1. Employs more than 1 million directly and another 3 million indirectly
2. Contributes to more than 50% of the country’s GDP
3. Indian IT Industry expected to be a $120 billion market.
4. Indian Internet industry to be $100 billion by 2015
5. Indian IT exports growth at 12-14% with a market size of $84-87 billion
History and evolution
The some important facts are described of it industry is as follow:-
1960: The industry is non existent
1972: Software Export Scheme
1984-86: New computer policy
1990: Setting up of software technology parks of India
1992-2000: Entry of various MNCs, Evolution of offshore model and Global Delivery Model.
Post 2000 issues like Y2K, dot com bubble helped India by positioning it as best cost provider.
The Government of India laid down the Information and Technology Act in 2000 and became the 12th country in the world to have cyber-laws.
The IT Act of 2000 covered the following aspects:
1. Legal recognition of electronic documents
2. Legal recognition of digital signatures
3. Offences and Contraventions
4. Justice Dispensation Systems for Cybercrimes
The IT Act 2000 was substantially modified through the Information and Technology Amendment Act, 2008, which came into effect from October 27, 2009.The IT Act of 2008covered amendments that provided additional focus on information security. It has added sections on offences, such as Cyber terrorism and Data Protection. This act, however, has been criticized because of lack of legal and procedural safeguards to prevent violation of civil liberties of Indian people.
INDIAN IT SECTOR The IT sector in India holds the distinction of advancing the country into the new-age economy. Today India is the world leader in information technology and business outsourcing. Indian IT Company has globally established their superiority in terms of cost advantage, availability of skilled manpower and the quality of services. They have been enhancing their global service delivery capabilities through a combination of organic and inorganic growth initiatives.
Information technology (IT) industry in India has played a key role in putting India on the global map. IT industry in India has been one of the most significant growth contributors for the Indian economy. The industry has played a significant role in transforming India’s image from a slow moving bureaucratic economy to a land of innovative entrepreneurs and a global player in providing world class technology solutions and business services. The industry has helped India transform from a rural and agriculture-based economy to a knowledge based economy. Information Technology has made possible information access at gigabit speeds. It has made tremendous impact on the lives of millions of people who are poor, marginalized and living in rural and far flung topographies. Internet has made revolutionary changes with possibilities of e-government measures like e-health, e-education, e-agriculture, etc. Today, whether it’s filing Income Tax returns or applying for passports online or railway e-ticketing, it just need few clicks of the mouse. India’s IT potential is on a steady march towards global competitiveness, improving defense capabilities and meeting up energy and environmental challenges amongst others.

IT categories
The sector can be classified into 4 categories:- 1. IT services 2. Engineering services 3. ITES-BPO services 4. E-Business
These are explain as follow 1. IT services:-
IT services can further be categorized into 1. Information services 2. Outsourcing 3. Packaged software support and installation 4. IT training and education

2. Engineering services:-
Engineering services include: 1. Industrial design 2. Mechanical design 3. Electronic system design 4. Industrialization and prototyping

3. IT enabled services:
IT enabled services are services that use telecom networks or the internet for example: 1. Remote maintenance 2. Back office operations 3. Data processing 4. Call centers

4. E-Business:
Electronic business is carrying out business on the internet it includes buying and selling, serving customers and collaborating with business partners.
Scope of IT industry in India
The IT has great scope for people as it provides employment to technical and non technical graduates and has the capability to generate huge foreign exchange inflow for India. India exports software and services to approximately 95 countries in the world. By outsourcing to India many countries get benefits in terms of labor costs and business processes. Also the Indian companies are broadening the range of services being provided to the customers which is resulting in more off shoring.
Many financial institutions are providing funds for the expansions of IT and ITES business in order to support IT and ITES the Indian Government is also taking many steps. These are as follow:
1. Computers in home: Now personal computers are being used extensively in homes. People use PCs for entertainment. They listen music play games and watch movies. They also use them for internet banking they are used for e-mail; chatting etc. they are also used for buying and selling of goods and services.

2. In the field of education:
Computers have proved to be very helpful both in teaching and learning process. Now anyone who has the facility of internet can download e-books, speaking books etc. on their computer they can subscribe to various types of e-journals, e-newspaper etc. the website such as www.Whatis.com www.answer.com www.webopedia.com Help student’s great deal to clarify their doubts and enhance level of their knowledge.

3. In weather forecasting:
Computers are highly useful in weather forecasting. It is very important to know that the weather conditions for the people who live in hilly areas, sea shores and who are working at farms. Correct information is received by the computers through satellites.

4. In the field of banking:
Banking sector is one of the largest organizations which invest heavily in computers. Today the banking functions in urban and rural areas are fully computerized. By this technology we can easily transfer the funds by using debit cards and credit cards.

5. In the field of Industry:
Information technology is being usefully utilized in all sorts of industries. Even small business is doing its basic tasks such as stock record, online marketing, payments etc. In the industry most of work is done by the online with internet such as order placing and purchasing goods by others.
All these factors collectively create a number of opportunities in the IT sector.

Top 10 IT companies of India:- This is a list of companies in the information technology sector based in India are as follow:- 1. Tata Consultancy Services

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According to 2012 revenues TCS is the largest IT service company in India. Headquartered in Mumbai TCS is the part of Tata Group. TCS In financial year 2011-2012 TCS the company had annual revenues of more than $10 billion. Along India TCS also operates in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.
TCS includes services like application development and maintenance, asset leverage solutions, assurance services, business intelligence, BPO services, consulting, engineering and Industrial services, etc
(Table no.1) CEO | N. Chandrasekaran | City | Mumbai | State | Maharashtra | Industry | IT-Software Services | Level of Company | India s Top 500 | Total Turnover | 5000+ Crs | No of Employees | 5001 & above | Sector | Private Sector |

2. Wipro

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The company was established on 29 December 1945 at Mumbai by Mohamed Hasham Premji as Western India Products, later renamed to Wipro. Wipro is the second major India-based IT services company according to 2012 revenues.
Wipro is an India based multinational company dealing with information technology (IT) services, consulting and outsourcing services. Headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka, the company operates in 54 countries across the globe. The company is also listed in the Fortune India 500, 2012
(Table no.2) CEO | TK Kurien | City | Bangalore | State | Karnataka | Industry | IT-Software Services | Level of Company | Industry Best | Total Turnover | 5000+ Crs | No of Employees | 5001 & above | Sector | Private Sector |

3. Infosys

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According to the 2012 revenues, Infosys is the third-largest India-based IT services company. Infosys is an India based multinational company mainly dealing with business consulting, technology, engineering, and outsourcing services. Headquartered in Bangalore, Infosys has offices in 29 countries and progress centers in India, U.S., China, Australia, UK, Canada, Japan and many other countries.

Infosys is included in the list of the most innovative companies in a Forbes survey and also tagged among top ten green companies in Newsweek's Green Rankings
(Table no.3) CEO | N.R. Narayana Murthy | City | Bangalore | State | Karnataka | Industry | IT-Software Services | Level of Company | India s Top 500 | Total Turnover | 5000+ Crs | No of Employees | 5001 & above | Sector | Private Sector |

4. HCL Technologies

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HCL Technologies is an India based information technology service provider headquartered in Noida, UP. The company is the fourth largest IT Company in India and is ranked 48 in the global list of IT services providers. Along with many big acquisitions HCL Technologies took over the UK based AXON Group for U.S. $658 million and renamed as HCL Axon.

(Table no.4) CEO & Vice Chairman | Vineet Nayar | Website | http://www.hcltech.com/geo-spread/india/ | City | Noida | State | Uttar Pradesh | Industry | IT-Software Services | Level of Company | India s Top 500 | Total Turnover | 2500-5000 Crs | No of Employees | 5001 & above | Sector | Private Sector |

5. Tech Mahindra

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The mother company of Tech Mahindra is the Mahindra group headquartered in Pune, India. Tech Mahindra is an information technology networking technology solutions and business support services (BPO) to the worldwide telecommunications industry. Tech Mahindra has offices operating in more than 30 countries.
In the financial year 2012 Tech Mahindra announced revenue of $ 1.5 Billion with 3 percent increase. The company also acquired HGS for $87.1 million and bought 51 percent stake in Comviva and also merged with another IT giant of the country, Mahindra Styam
(Table no.5) CEO | Anand Mahindra | Website | https://www.techmahindra.com/ | City | Pune | State | Maharashtra | Industry | IT-Software Services | Level of Company | India s Top 500 | Total Turnover | 2500-5000 Crs | No of Employees | 5001 & above | Sector | Private Sector |

6. MphasiS

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Owned by Hewlett-Packard, MphasiS is an IT service multinational company. MphasiS was ranked 6th among the top IT companies in India and 165 among Fortune India 500 in 2011. Headquartered in Bangalore the company operates in 14 other countries.
Services provided by MphasiS include business process outsourcing, infrastructure technology, and application services
(Table no.6) CEO | Friedrich Froeschl | Website | http://mphasiS.com/ | City | Bangalore | State | Karnataka | Industry | IT-Software Services | Level of Company | India s Top 500 | Total Turnover | 1000-2500 Crs | No of Employees | 5001 & above | Sector | Private Sector |

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7. iGate Patni

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iGate is an American MNC which provides services like information Technology, consulting and business process outsourcing services etc. Mumbai, India based Patni Computer System merged with igate and is presently known as iGate Patni. The company operates in America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region having 23 international offices as well as offshore development centers in eight cities in India. iGate Patni is listed as ‘IAOP 2008 Global Outsourcing 100 Company’ and ranked among top 15 Insurance Industry Vendors offering Comprehensive End-to-end BPO Services’

(Table no.7) CEO | Ashok Vemuri | Headquarters | Fremont, CA, United States of America | Founded | 1996 | Industry | IT services, IT consulting | Employees | 75,000 (Feb, 2014) | Website | www.igate.com | Services | IT, business consulting and outsourcing services | Sector | Public sector |

8. L&T InfoTech

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Initially the company was known as Larsen & Toubro but later renamed as L&T InfoTech in 1997. L&T InfoTech is leading IT services and solutions provider headquartered in Mumbai. The company was ranked eighth in 2011-2012 and also known as '6th Best Learning & Development Company in India' at World HRD & Education Congress, 2012

(Table no. 8) CEO | Sudip Banerjee | Website | http://lntinfotech.com/ | City | Mumbai | State | Maharashtra | Industry | IT-Software Services (For IT Consulting Services) | Level of Company | India s Top 500 | Total Turnover | 1000-2500 Crs | No of Employees | 14,468 | Sector | Private Sector |

9. Oracle Financial Services

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Oracle Financial Services known as i-flex Solutions is a part of Oracle Corporation. The company was ranked ninth in top IT companies of India and No. 253 in Fortune India 500 list in 2011. It is a huge IT service provider to the banking industry.
Initially the company was called CITL owned by Citigroup, later named as i-flex. Oracle generally provides services in Core Banking, Universal Banking, Investor Servicing, Private Banking, Operational Risk, Market Risks etc.

(Table no.9) CEO | N.R.K.Raman | City | Mumbai | State | Maharashtra | Industry | IT-Software Services | Level of Company | India s Top 500 | Total Turnover | 1000-2500 Crs | No of Employees | 5001 & above | Sector | Private Sector |

10. Cognizant Technology Solutions

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Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation is a provider of information technology, consulting and business process outsourcing (BPO) services. Headquartered in New Jersey, U.S. Cognizant was ranked as world's third most admired IT Services Company after Accenture and IBM in 2011 by the Fortune magazine. In 2012 financial year the company claimed to be very much sound financially with revenues of $2.6 billion in cash and short term investments. Future prospects
Globalization has had a profound impact in shaping the Indian Information Technology industry. Over the years, verticals like manufacturing, telecom, insurance, banking, finance and lately the retail, have been the growth drivers for this sector. But it is very fast getting clear that the future growth of IT and IT enabled services will be fuelled by the verticals of climate change, mobile applications, healthcare, energy efficiency and sustainable energy. The near future of Indian IT industry sees a significant rise in share of technology spend as more and more service providers both Indian and global target new segments and provide low cost, flexible solutions to customers. By 2015, IT sector is expected to generate revenues of USD 130 billion (NASSCOM) which will create a transformational impact on the overall economy. IT spending is expected to significantly increase in verticals like automotive and healthcare while the government, with its focus on e-governance, will continue to be a major spender.

Airsoft Infosys (Picture no.11)
Overview
Airsoft Infosys was conceived and perceived by IT professionals with over 12 years of experience, in providing successful and cost effective software solutions to their clients, hailing from diversified business domains. With its operations based in Chandigarh, North India, we are a rapidly growing team of handpicked professionals including technical experts, business analysts, creative designers, quality analysts and project managers. Our work culture encourages and inculcates team spirit while appreciating the team dynamics. We understand that each business is dynamic, has different needs and thus require a different solution. We treat every project as new, while using our lessons learned from the past projects to minimize risks and maximize profits and scalability. ASINFY lives and breathes by these three values which have proven fruitful for the success of our client engagement.
Proactive:
We know the critical success factors when undertaking a project and proactively manage the Risks while maintaining effective communication throughout the project.
Proficient:
We display proficiency, bringing key capabilities, insights, experience and recommendations on leading edge enabling tools and technology for your business needs for the web.

Profitable:
Our client repeat business and success stories are testament that we are a profitable investment for them.
Company profile
Airsoft Infosys is a leading corporate Company, headquartered in Australia and based in India (Punjab). Airsoft Infosys deals in all Web based solutions including Website Development, Website Programming, Software Development, and Android Apps. Development, Mobile Apps. Development Search Engine Optimization etc. We create Web2.0 Standard based Websites with fully responsive functionality which leads to the client's successful growth and company, we set forward our Enthusiastic and creative Designing team to deliver the best quality services with interactive future growth option in a responsive manner and provide attractive offers at attractive and value added price.
Airsoft Infosys is at present, the most rapidly growing online web solutions company in Australia and India, providing IT enabled services, consultation and outsourcing to companies spread in more than 60 countries across 7 continents. Our advanced delivery model blends technology practices with functional expertise to help you improve your business processes and boost performance.
Our professional website design, Website development, logo design, Flash design, and SEO services, among others, can go a long way in determining the success of your business. Custom creation also includes, but is not limited to, incorporating images, video and other interactive content into your site, apart from the usual text element.
We offer our clients a repertoire of services like ecommerce website creation and portal development, brand marketing on leading ad networks, digital marketing, web analytics and much more. Our talented and experienced team of professionals comprises Web 2.0 development executives who offer advanced solutions for publishers and advertisers. We create professional and dynamic pages for you using intelligent and smart practices.
We also double up as a digital marketing agency that serves leading brands, corporate clients, as well as other players. Our cost-effective and customized web development and online media solutions are tailor-made to suit your specific needs and requirements. We are having a team of Designers and Programmers with Creative and interactive ideas.

Strong Relationships between clients
One of our biggest priorities of all is close collaboration with our clients. Whatever the size of your company or, indeed, your proposed project, we take steps here at Airsoft Infosys to ensure that your project is carefully tracked and monitored, from the initial user analysis to the final stage of usability testing. This is certainly a thoroughness of approach that has been appreciated by our clients down the years, who have included business owners, consultants and team leaders alike. It gives you all the more reason to contact Airsoft Infosys when your firm next requires a high quality software solution that brings with it a significant ROI.

Vision
To provide our clients cost effective and cost beneficial services by converting their valued money into the attractive and creative as well as best quality designed Web Solutions. Mission We provide client satisfaction by giving them best quality output and responsive web solutions. Airsoft believes in "Creating edges with creativity and Exploring WEB with Interactive Ideas and then implementing on Websites".

Quality Policy
To achieve a high level of customer satisfaction through our commitment of delivering them high quality product and services by fully meeting their requirements and exceeding quality standards and processes that are continually measured and improved.
Quality Objectives 1. Increase client satisfaction 2. Continually improve the work environment 3. Increase efficiently of development processes 4. Achieving Best in class technical Solutions

Airsoft Infosys Tech-Support
We plan on being world class Tech Support Service Provider committed to ensuring our customers satisfaction. We believe in building long term relationship with clients and executive alike. We follow a well thought out, systematic, innovative and collaborative approach that ensures consistent delivery and utmost satisfaction to our residential customers and Small and Medium Enterprises. Our technical experts have years of training under their belt and have handled challenging and resolved critical customer issues in record time.
100% satisfaction or Money Back Guarantee is provided.
We ensure that we resolve and satisfy our customers issue and never give unless 100% customer satisfaction is received. We are confident about our services and that is why we back our services with a 100% Guarantee.
We are a leading Remote/Online Technical support provider. We offer our online services for fixing issues related to Desktops, Laptops of all the major brands to home users, small offices, and large scale enterprises.
Our technical support is available 24 x 7 for any of your computer related issues. All you need to do is explain the trouble you are facing with your computer to us on our 24/7 helpline number and our technicians will start working towards resolving them.
1. What we do Our remote support services will assure your computer issues are fixed securely and real time. Our remote support is completely secure as you can view the commands used by our technician for troubleshooting. A certified technician will effectively resolve issues related to installation or uninstallation of programs, upgrade, PC optimization, computer performance and many more.
2. Work process
Our technical support is available 24 x 7 for any of your computer related issues. All you need to do is explain the trouble you are facing with your computer to us on our 24/7 helpline number and our technicians will start working towards resolving them..
3. Quality Assurance
100% satisfaction or Money Back Guarantee is provided. We ensure that we resolve and satisfy our customers issue and never give unless 100% customer satisfaction is received. We are confident about our services and that is why we back our services with a 100%Guarantee. 5. What we can deliver
At the same time you can follow the instructions given by our technician over the phone to resolve issues you are facing with your computer or laptop.
SERVICES
Airsoft Infosys collaborates with businesses around the world to create and develop consumer friendly business applications for the Web. Net Solutions a quality Digital Development Company has been offering their Digital Services for over 5 years and our experienced team makes use of the full range of web, mobile and desktop technologies in which it has expertise. Our success story is a combination of attentive listening, frequent communication and astute project management in order to devise the perfect solutions for your business. We offer a rich complement of web technology services, from web development encompassing most programming languages and platforms, right through to mobile app development, e-learning and software testing plus much more. The web development team is adept at creating solutions that make use of both open source technologies and commercially licensed software. The open source technologies that we use to build your business online include .NET, PHP and Java, with further tools including content management systems such as Joomla and Word Press, in addition to ecommerce tools like OS commerce and Magento.
Airsoft Infosys provide following services which are: 1. Web development 2. Mobile development 3. Ux design 4. Ui design 5. Outsourced product development 6. E-commerce development 7. Content management system

These services are explain as follow

1. Web development

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Website Development of Airsoft Infosys offers superbly hi-end, professionally unique and e-commerce websites development for your business. Our experience in development of web applications and web sites proved with a great deal of successfully completed projects and references from our customers.

1. .Net Development

.Net is a widely used framework that is profoundly used to deliver dynamic websites, web applications and wide array of web services..Net, being commercialized by Microsoft, has benefits over other scripting languages as it compiles the server side code to one or more DLL files on the web server. We also provide MVC applications according to user's requirement. .net is product of Microsoft. Visual studio is the framework of .net.

2. PHP Development

PHP is one of the best platforms to develop customized web applications. The beauty of this server side scripting language lies in the flexibility in terms of design and functionality. Moreover, in collaboration with the MYSQL database, this language offers dynamic solutions. PHP is a open source language. PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor / first name is Personal Home Page.

3. JAVA Development
Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) lets you develop and deploy Java applications on desktops and servers, as well as in today's demanding embedded environments. Java offers the rich user interface, performance, versatility, portability, and security that today's applications require.

2. Mobile Application Development :

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We are a certified Apple iPhone application development company as well as a registered developer company with Google Play. Our Mobile App Development team is experienced in creating applications in a range of mobile devices including but not limited to iphone, iPad, Android phones, Android tablets, Blackberry touch devices, etc.

1. I-Phone Application Development:
Since I-Phone launched it grabbed thousands of people attention businesses and end users to explore its unique features which has revolutionized the mobile applications spectrum. We are having dedicated and skilled iPhone Application Developers, who are capable of developing innovative iPhone applications with a range of various features .We provide you with the complete package of developing Application from the scratch to the working features . Our team really works hard to make all the related ideas prolific and lucrative for your business. We also use various graphic tools to make App’s eye-catching. We are a professional iPhone application development company in India offering solutions for the most well-known communicative device of todays, the iPhone. Working carefully with customers, Airsoft has improved the art of developing gorgeous individual connections and building highly effective and feature-rich iPhone apps.
2. Windows Phone App Development:
Airsoft is continuously excelling its expertise in windows phone app development. Our teams of highly skilled windows phone developers provide cost effective windows phone app development solutions
3. Android Development
Android is the mobile operating system running on the Linux kernel developed and by Google. Android provides support of Java Language for developers. So that Mobile Application Developers can build third party applications on Java which can run on Android Platform.
We provide expertise in Smartphone application platforms like Java, Android and I phone.
Services we offer-: 1. Client-server applications 2. Security Applications 3. Enterprise applications 4. Communication applications 5. Entertainment applications 6. Utility and productivity applications 7. Multimedia applications 8. Social Media applications

3. E-Commerce Designs/Development:

(Picture no.14) Every one love to do E-shopping in such a hectic scheduled life, so ASINFY facilitate such thing by utilizing some special tools and creating E-Commerce websites where user can purchase whatever they desire. What kind of a business doesn't promote and sell its' products online? Ecommerce websites are a necessity for increasing your profit by reaching out to the internet world. Online purchasing is very convenient for customers, and the vendors benefit from this immensely. Airsoft Infosys can provide you with attractive, quality designs, which can boost your site's popularity, increase your sales and get more and more return customers. We can customize and develop your online shop the way you need, make it easy-to-use and attractive to your clients, SEO optimize it, and provide you with hosting and support for your shop!
Airsoft Infosys offers complete front and back end technology to do business on the web. Specializing in Shopping carts systems and customized programming to distinguish your E-business from the rest. E-commerce business segments include business-to-consumer (B2C), shopping on the web & business-to-business (B2B) transactions account. Airsoft Infosys has been involved in providing Ecommerce Solution, catering to both the segments

1. Magento Development
Magento is a latest open source e-commerce platform which can be customized as per your needs. There is no other ecommerce platform which can be compared with Magento. Magento is cheap as it is an open source. Magento has a feature of rich Ecommerce solutions offering complete flexibility and control over the look, content, and functionality of an Online Store. Magento is a collection of ecommerce modules which can be customized as per your ecommerce requirements. Other available ready to use shopping cart solutions do not fulfill your business needs up to the maximum level but Magento commerce does.
2. Custom E-Commerce Development
A lot of online users prefer to shop online due to time constraints and geographical barriers. Are you utilizing your resources nicely to gain the attention of your potential online buyers? Online presence means a lot in the current era. We being an expert Ecommerce Website Development Company utilize latest technologies to deliver top-notch Ecommerce Website Development. By sculpting a stupendous and Custom Ecommerce Web Design we will give you a technically sound platform to promote your business and realize your dreams. 3. Content Management System (Picture no.15)

Content management systems are applied, they are usually meant to allow inter-office control of the content, as well as over the web, and as a company archive. There are different types of content that a content management system may encounter and control. Web content management systems are also used frequently because they include additional features that ease the tasks needed to publish web content to websites. This can make it easier for companies with little time to spare towards publishing content Some of the features of this particular content management system are: Automated templates, Content visualization, Web standards upgrades, easily editable content
1. Wordpress (Picture no.16) WordPress started out in 2003 as a blogging platform that provided users with a more visually appealing and user-friendly writing experience when creating web content. Since then, it has become one of the most popular content management systems in the world, with over a million websites using its platform. WordPress has grown from a simple blogging platform to a complete content management system with thousands of plug-ins, themes, and self-hosted solutions that are easy to use, even for users with very little technical know-how.
2.Joomla
Joomla CMS is an award winning content management system designed for non technical users to design powerful dynamic web sites. Joomla is best known for user friendly administration, open architecture and low cost of ownership. With well over 10 thousand extensions and one of the largest open source development communities in the world, Joomla CMS is becoming a first choice content management system for small businesses and enterprise organizations alike. Joomla is an excellent solution for leveraging social technologies and developing community driven web sites.

4. Drupal (Picture no.17)
Drupal is a free software package that allows you to easily organize, manage and publish your content, with an endless variety of customization. Drupal is open source software maintained and developed by a community of 630,000+ users and developers. It's distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (or "GPL"), which means anyone is free to download it and share it with others. This open development model means that people are constantly working to make sure Drupal is a cutting-edge platform that supports the latest technologies that the Web has to offer. The Drupal project's principles encourage modularity, standards, collaboration, ease-of-use, and more.
5. Website Design Services:

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Professional web site design is critical for success in the modern Internet Business World. Offering an attractive, intuitive interface with a logical and easy to use navigation/layout makes the difference between a frustrated web surfer and a happy visitor (and potential client) At Airsoft Infosys India, creative talent meets technical expertise to produce smart and effective designs with high appeal and usability value. We understand your need to be different from regular selling or informative sites, increase visitor inflow and decrease bounce rates. Our professional web designers employ fresh innovative ideas and advanced designing tools to produce optimized and profit generative websites for you.
Airsoft Infosys website design services team is experienced in: 1. User interface design 2. Site flow and navigation 3. HTML integration with backend technologies
Our experience in development of web applications and web sites proved with a great deal of successfully completed projects and references from our customers.
6. Search engine optimization

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SEO is the process of affecting the visibility of a website or a web page in a search engine's "natural" or un-paid search results. In general, the earlier (or higher ranked on the search results page), and more frequently a site appears in the search results list, the more visitors it will receive from the search engine's users. SEO may target different kinds of search, including image search, local search, video search, academic search, news search and industry-specific vertical search engines
Airsoft Infosys India's search engine optimization (SEO) services help your website attain high ranks in organic search results. Higher ranks mean greater visibility for your site, and increased visitor inflow and prospect to customer conversion. Our systematic approach to SEO and use of white-hat techniques ensure the best results for your website.
7. Logo Design:
Airsoft Infosys India's logos are designed to successfully introduce your company to its consumers and competitors. Our logos are stylish and aesthetic bearing superb color scheme and graphical detailing that create long-lasting impressions. Our logo design services give your brand a simple, creative, and appealing quality capable of significant impact on viewers. We guarantee quality logo design at minimal rates only at Airsoft Infosys India.

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Reasons behind choosing Airsoft Infosys 1. Skilled and innovative team. 2. Successful in developing many iPhone App’s 3. Trust worthy coding 4. Thoroughly tested apps 5. Flawless App’s 6. Guaranteed of App’s
Airsoft Infosys has been a crucial "driving" factor in the outsourcing market with respect to web designing companies in the international as well as domestic sectors. In today's corporate scenario, building relationship with the clients remains a mainstay. At Airsoft Infosys, we have an in-house professional web designing contingent to cater your design requests. Unleashing the power of multimedia, we can make a huge difference to the progress of your company.
We design your sites with the latest technologies, some of which are listed below: 1. HTML5, CS5, PHP, .NET 2. ADOBE Flash 3. Dreamweaver
At Airsoft Infosys we offer one of the best Web Designing Services in Mohali.We have developed around a 1000 websites with amazing features.
Terms and Services
1. Acceptance of Terms:
Your access to and use of Airsoft Infosys website ("the Website") is subject exclusively to these terms and conditions. You will not use the website for any purpose that is unlawful or prohibited by these terms and conditions. If you do not accept these terms and conditions you must immediately stop using the website else it will be termed as your acceptance.
2. General:
Airsoft Infosys will carry out work only where a written purchase order is provided by mail.
3. Changes to Website:
Airsoft Infosys reserves the right to:
1) Change or remove (temporarily or permanently) the website or any part of it without notice. Airsoft Infosys shall not be liable to you for any such change or removal.
2) Change these terms and conditions at any time, and your continued use of the website following any changes shall be deemed to be your acceptance of such change.
4. Website Design:
Though every effort will be made to ensure that the website and any work done by us is free of errors but Airsoft Infosys cannot accept responsibility for any losses incurred due to malfunction, the website or any part of it. The web server, website, graphics and any programming code remain the property of Airsoft Infosys until all outstanding accounts are paid in full. Any work done (unless specifically agreed) by Airsoft Infosys remain the copyright of Airsoft Infosys and may only be commercially reproduced or resold with the permission of Airsoft Infosys. Airsoft Infosys cannot take responsibility for any copyright infringements caused by materials submitted by the client. Any additions to the brief will be carried out at the discretion of Airsoft Infosys and where no charge is made by Airsoft Infosys for such additions, Airsoft Infosys accept no responsibility to ensure such additions are error free and reserve the right to charge an according amount for any correction to these or further additions. Airsoft Infosys will not be liable for any costs incurred, compensation or loss of earnings due to the work carried out on behalf of the client or any of the clients appointed agents.
5. Database, Application and E-Commerce Development:
Airsoft Infosys cannot take responsibility for any losses incurred by the use of any software created for the client. Whilst every care has been taken to ensure products are problem free and accurate, the ultimate responsibility lies with the client in ensuring that all software is functioning correctly before use.Where applications or sites are developed on servers not provided by Airsoft Infosys, the client is expected to provide or seek any information, additional software, support or co-operation pertaining to the server required in order for the application to be correctly developed. Where large applications are to be developed, it is the cliental€™s responsibility to provide a suitable testing environment which is identical to the final production environment. The client is expected to test fully any application or programming relating to a site developed by Airsoft Infosys before being made generally available for use. Where "bugs", errors or other issues are found after the site is live, Airsoft Infosys will endeavor (but is not obliged to) to correct these issues to meet the standards of function outlined in the brief.
6. Website Hosting:
Whilst Airsoft Infosys offers hosting of websites, no guarantees can be made as to the availability or interruption of this service by Airsoft Infosys cannot accept liability for losses caused by the unavailability, malfunction or interruption of this service.Airsoft Infosys reserves the right to refuse to handle in any way, material which may be deemed offensive, illegal or in any way controversial. Fees relating to web hosting or domain names must be paid prior to the expiration date of the said service. If the fees remain unpaid at the time of expiration, Airsoft Infosys can cancel the said service and not liable for any data lost as a result of the cancellation.
7. Copyright:
1) All copyright, trademarks and all other intellectual property rights in the website and its content (including without limitation the website design, text, graphics and all software and source codes connected with the Website) are owned by or licensed to Airsoft Infosys or otherwise used by Airsoft Infosys as permitted by law.
2) In accessing the website you agree that you will access the content solely for your personal, non-commercial use. None of the content may be downloaded, copied, reproduced, transmitted, stored, sold or distributed without the prior written consent of the copyright holder. This excludes the downloading, copying and/or printing of pages of the website for personal, non-commercial home use only.

8. Disclaimers and Limitation of Liability:
1) The Website is provided on an "AS IS" and "AS AVAILABLE" basis. To the extent permitted by law, Airsoft Infosys will not be liable for any indirect or consequential loss or damage whatever (including without limitation loss of business, opportunity, data, profits) arising out of or in connection with the use of the website.
2) Airsoft Infosys makes no warranty that the functionality of the website will be uninterrupted or error free, that defects will be corrected or that the website or the server that makes it available are free of viruses or anything else which may be harmful or destructive.
9. Severance:
If any of these terms and conditions should be determined to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason by any court of competent jurisdiction then such term or condition shall be severed and the remaining terms and conditions shall survive and remain in full force and effect and continue to be binding and enforceable.
10. Payment of Accounts:
A deposit may be required from a new client before any work is carried out. In all cases, website hosting fees and any costs incurred by Airsoft Infosys on behalf of the client are payable in advance and are non-refundable. It is the Airsoft Infosys policy that any outstanding accounts for work carried out by Airsoft Infosys or its affiliates are required to be paid in full, no later than 30 days from the date of the invoice unless by prior arrangement with Airsoft Infosys. If accounts are not settled or Airsoft Infosys has not been contacted regarding the delay, access to the related website may be denied. Fees relating to web hosting or domain names must be paid prior to the expiration date of the said service. If the fees remain unpaid at the time of expiration, we will with immediate effect, cancel said service and any data held by said service will be removed.

Company which makes some websites is as follow:-

1. SIKH SANJOG

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Sikh Sanjog was set up in 1989, under the name ‘Leith Sikh Community Group.’ Its aim was to provide support for women in the Sikh community who had been settling in Edinburgh since the 1950’s.
Unlike the Sikh communities in many parts of Britain, the Sikh population in Edinburgh originates mainly from the Bhatra community whose origins in the sub-continent were rural. Traditionally having a nomadic lifestyle, earning their livelihood by trading and telling fortunes, formal education has not been a high priority. Through the strict continuation of the Sikh Batra culture, social values and family hierarchical ways of life, as they had been in India before migration to the UK, Sikh women settling in Edinburgh were finding themselves isolated and lonely, and unable to take advantage of opportunities, social inclusion and welfare support open to others in their new country.To address this exclusion and isolation, Leith Sikh Community Group began on a very small scale, running occasional outings and activities for women and children. Gradually, both the activities offered and the number of beneficiaries expanded over time.
In 1999, the Group became Sikh Sanjog. ‘Sanjog’ means ‘linking’ in Punjabi and is an apt description for the way we work with our beneficiaries. ORGANISATIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To build the capacity, confidence and self esteem of individuals in the Sikh and other Minority Ethnic communities, enabling them to have their voices heard. 2. To enable women who otherwise would be unable to do so, to enter the employment market. 3. To achieve these goals through acting as a portal to mainstream services and through bespoke training and provision of volunteering opportunities. 4. To provide a safe space for young people to take part in learning and leisure activities to promote self confidence and a sense of pride and belonging, as Scottish Sikhs. 5. To promote the values and awareness of the Sikh culture within the broader Scottish society and among other service providers, policy makers and statutory agencies.

2. Las law office

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ABOUT US
Boston native, Laurie Ann Sullivan, has been practicing law for more than 14 years. In 2011 she left her corporate position to found LAS Law Offices, LLC, with offices in Waltham and Boston, Massachusetts. Laurie has extensive experience in residential and corporate real estate law, as well as in estate planning and general business law.
Before becoming a Lawyer Laurie worked as a Loan Officer where she specialized in purchases, refinances, reverse mortgages. This gives her a unique understanding of the process that is hard to find. Laurie set her goal early in her career of becoming a true specialist in all aspects of real-estate law and has worked diligently throughout her career to become the best at what she does. Her work as the representative of both buyers and seller of commercial and residential properties in her career, means she can see all aspects of a case and better advise her clients.
Along with Laurie’s unique experience in real estate law, she has done estate planning, wills, trusts, power of attorney and all forms of business law and litigation. Laurie was inspired by her grandfather to become a business owner and give back to the community. As a young-woman growing up in the Boston area, Laurie learned many lessons from her grandfather, Louis Dini, one time owner of the finest seafood restaurant in Boston, Dini’s on Treemont Street. One lesson Laurie learned from her grandfather was the importance of giving customers more than they expected–every time. The other lesson she took to heart was to care deeply about your community. This desire to help others and to give back is one of the reasons Laurie decided to become a lawyer. Laurie once again following her grandfather’s example by founding a law practice in her home town with the goal of providing the same kind of customer focused service that made her grandfather a local celebrity for the 62 years he operated his restaurant in Boston (1926-1990).
Laurie Sullivan’s goal with LAS Law Offices is simple: To provide the same kind of customer and community focused service that made her grandfather a local celebrity for the 62 years he operated his famous restaurant, Dini’s on Treemont Street, in Boston. Laurie’s commitment to the community and her individual clients is to always provide Personal Attention and Experienced Advice.
Services
LAS Law Offices specialize in Real Estate Law and Estate Planning. With diverse experience we are well positioned to help our customers with basic real estate closings and common estate planning to the most complex real estate transactions and estate scenarios. (Table no.10) Real Estate Law | Estate Planning | Business Law & Other | Buyer Representation | Wills | Litigation | Seller Representation | Trusts | Breach of Contract Suits | Lender’s Counsel | Durable Power of Attorney | Family Law Matters | Refinances | Health Care Proxy | Complex Litigation | Reverse Mortgages | HIPPA Authorization | Criminal Matters | Lease Agreements | Living Wills | | Condo Conversions | Nominee Real Estate Trusts | | Evictions | Probate Estates | | REOs | | |

3. Hendreick home

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Hendrick Home for Children was founded in 1939 by West Texas pioneers, Thomas G. and Ida Nations Hendrick. The Hendricks helped settle the Wild West with seven different ranches in New Mexico and West Texas. Together, Mr. and Mrs. Hendrick share a familial ballad that bridges the histories of the Indian territories, Civil War, two World Wars, covered wagons, airplanes, automobiles and the atomic bomb. After the loss of their only son, four-year-old Joseph, and the providential discovery of oil on several of their ranches, the Hendricks established and largely endowed Hendrick Home for children who, for various reasons, cannot live with their biological families. Starting with the devastating effects of the Great Depression, the Home has provided long-term, quality care for children needing a loving home. The children are raised in an atmosphere of spiritual, physical, emotional and intellectual growth. They enjoy participating in all academic and extracurricular activities of their public schools. Their vacations include activities such as water and snow skiing, competitive horse shows, camping in the Big Bend of Texas and fishing in the Gulf of Mexico. Since 1939, Hendrick Home for Children has been a safe and loving “home” for thousands of children after living their early lives in poverty, abuse and neglect.

Mission
Hendrick Home for Children raises children in a safe and loving Christian environment. The children are reared in an atmosphere of spiritual, physical, emotional and intellectual growth. They enjoy participating in all academic and extracurricular activities of their public schools. Their vacations include activities such as water and snow skiing, competitive horse shows, camping in the Big Bend of Texas and fishing in the Gulf of Mexico. Since 1939, Hendrick Home for Children has been a safe and loving “home” for thousands of children after living their early lives in poverty, abuse and neglect. 4. Marry Martin home (Picture no. 24)
Marry martin is an online shopping site at this consumer are easily buy online Bed sheets, Pillows, Kids bed sheets.
On this site we can purchase the different bed sheets at the reasonable prices. The bed sheets colors are different and attractive. 5. Eat all nite:-

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OK, not before you can gasp since we are not jadoogars! However, we will definitely have your food in the shortest time possible. Open all night long, especially for gastronomists and epicureans, couch potatoes and bed bums, expectant mothers and cravers, EatAllNite is a service born out of the sheer demand to meet the very real needs of hungry epicureans seeking gourmet food while the world sleeps/ in the dead of the night. It is a service that fills the huge blatant gap left by online food delivery giants. There are several restaurants that cater to the hungry and cravers from 11 AM to 11 PM, but none in the hours prior to that and after. This is where EatAllNite steps in.
With its own professionally equipped gourmet kitchens and talented master chefs, EatAllNite brings to you the most sumptuous, mouth-watering delicacies your taste buds crave. Just visit EatAllNite, choose from a wide range of Italian, Chinese or desi Indian dishes in the online menu, pay with your card and within minutes, your order will be at your doorstep – piping hot and ready to melt into your mouths
Bulk/Corporate order
Having a party? 50 odd friends coming over? Call Eat All Nite and place your order, NOW! Let we try our best to help you have the most enjoyable experience of your night. Eat All Nite cater to large company organizations as well. Having more than a thousand companies working during the daily yet eternal hours or frequent night shifts, allow Eat All Nite to keep your employees satisfied and always full of energy. With fresh and healthy food served throughout the day and most importantly, between 9pm and 7am, it all finally comes down to the matter of good health and productivity that allows companies to work more efficiently in the world that we live in today.
Help us allow you to give a chance to yourself and keep your employees happy at all times. Have your company tie up with Eat All Nite to receive special offers and promotions that only you can benefit from! You can now enjoy the freedom of placing bulk orders till our kitchen stays open.
It is our sole duty and determination to commit to our audience and provide to them, the best service possible. Contact us now if you wish to profit from hot & healthy tasty food and make the most of the best offer for your loved ones in your organization
Introduction
Today e-commerce has become an integral part of everyday life. Accessibility to e-commerce platforms is not a privilege but rather a necessity for most people, particularly in the urban areas. There are alternative e-commerce platforms available (instead of the traditional physical platforms) for almost every aspect of our lives, starting from purchasing of everyday household items to online brokage. Mail order or catalogue shopping has been in existence in the United States since 1980. This was the predecessor of online commerce, which started in India post 2000.
The electronic commerce is combination of two words

“Electronic + commerce “ The buying and selling of products and services by business and consumers through an electronic medium without using any paper documents’ e–commerce is widely considered the buying and selling of products over the internet but any transaction that is completed solely through electronic measure can be considered e-commerce.
E-commerce or E-business refers to buying and selling of goods and service through the internet. By of computerization it has revolutionized the mode of dealing with Banks, Insurance, Companies, Airlines, and Railways so on. It include concepts like
E-Banking
E-Marketing
E-Trading
E-Payment etc

This activity actually encompasses full automating ones business using World Wide Web (WWW) technology. The main idea behind e-commerce is to extend the business horizon not only till the suppliers and distributors but also directly to the consumers.
E-commerce is the purchasing, selling and exchanging goods and services over computer networks (internet) through which transaction or terms of sale are performed electronically. Commerce
Commerce is the branch of business. Commerce is the exchange of goods and services usually for money. When you buy something at a store you are participating in commerce. Going to work each day for a company that produce a product is a link in the chain of commerce .it include all those activities which directly or indirectly facilitate that exchange.
Definition
“Commerce is an organized system for the exchange of goods between the members of the industrial word.”
Players of Commerce:- 1. Buyers :-
These are the people and organization with money who want to purchase goods & services products.

2. Seller :-
These are the people who offer the goods & services to buyers . Sellers are recognizing in different forms: 1. Retailers 2. Wholesalers

3. Producers :-
These are the people organization that create the product & services that seller offers to buyers.
Meaning of e-commerce:-
Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce. It is a type of industry where the buying and selling of products or services is conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as Mobile commerce Electronic funds transfer, Internet marketing,
Online transaction processing,
Electronic data interchange (EDI)
Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at one point in the transaction's life-cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail, mobile devices, social media, and telephones as well.
Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of business transactions. This is an effective and efficient way of communicating within an organization and one of the most effective and useful ways of conducting business.

Definitions
“The conducting of business communications and transactions over networks and through computers”
Put simply E-Commerce is the process of doing business online. E-commerce is to conduct business by using the information technology. In other words E-Commerce is the buying and selling of items or goods and services on the web.

What is E-Commerce transaction:-
The E-Commerce transaction means buying and selling the goods through internet (online) and also pays the payments of the goods online by the debit or credit card. In simple words: Exchange of goods or services between a buyer and a seller. Every transaction has three components:
(1) Transfer of good/service and money, (2) Transfer of title which may or may not be accompanied by a transfer of possession, (3) Transfer of exchange rights.
E-commerce is often thought simply to refer to buying and selling by using the internet. But e-commerce involves much more than electronically mediated financial transaction between organization and customers.
Online payments are generally credited to the intermediaries like PayPal, who transfer these payments to merchants. To address this situation, Reserve Bank of India has issued new norms for facilitating ecommerce transactions. As per the directives, the payment wills be credited directly to the merchants and not the intermediaries. With this arrangement, money will be available to the merchant within 3 days of transaction. This will expedite shipping of goods to the customer on time. Online transactions require use of electronic cards ± credit or debit. The credit card market is currently not too vast, with less than 25 million credit cards issued in the market. However, debit cum ATM cards are widely used by account holders. (Picture no.26)
Transaction through internet:-
Internet is a set of various computer networks joined together to handle data transfer and conversion of message from the sending networks to the protocols used by the receiving network. Internet has brought revolution in the world of commerce, trading, banking etc. it is possible to purchase goods and services sitting at home and ordering the same through internet using e-mail or website of the merchant. Goods are delivered at the doorstep of the buyer. Buying and selling of goods and services through internet is an easy and efficient system. The most common form of the transaction generates from online shopping.
An E-Commerce transaction may begin when a buyer views an online catalog and retrieves product or service information places on line order and provides credit and shipping information. The seller verifies the credit information processes the order and payment and schedules fulfillment and shipping.
Steps by RBI to improve ecommerce Transactions
1. Issue appropriate instruments (cards) to facilitate online payments: For example, all debit cards are ATM cards, but all ATM cards are not debit cards. Additionally, there are some co-operative banks offering internet banking facilities. This facility is mostly for checking account balance, and this should be extended to online transactions as well.
2. Take steps to improve debit and credit card penetration. RBI should specify a timeframe to banks to issue credit cards, debit cum ATM cards.
3. Improving the network connectivity of ATMs: Users can use one banks ATM card for holding transactions with another bank because these ATMs are connected to BANKS ATM network. Several banks still need to be connected to this network. RBI should facilitate to expedite this connectivity.
4. Improving payment gateway infrastructure: There is a need to improve payment gateway infrastructure in the country. The payment gateways should accept all credit cards, debit cards, and internet banking facilities that all banks are offering. RBIshould provide a mandate to the payment gateways to integrate such services of any new bank within some stipulated duration of the new bank operations going live

Applications of E-commerce transaction:-
E-commerce is widely used in various areas some of them are as follow 1. Knowledge relating to bank account:-
Banks provide on-line information to its clients regarding receipts, payments and status of their bank account. 2. Useful in online booking:-
Now-a-days the tickets of Railways/ Airlines/ Cinemas etc. can be had on-line by using internet. The payment can be made through credit cards or e-cash. 3. Useful in tax return:-
The facility of filling tax return on internets is very useful for both the tax payers and tax collectors. 4. Useful in retail shops:- It is being extensively used in retail shopping to buy goods, toys, clothes, household goods etc (amazon.com, franklin.com, flipkart.com, ebay.com, homeshop18 etc.) 5. Useful in online trading of shares:- Now -a-days we are purchase online sales and purchase of Shares, Debentures and mutual funds. To buy online sale and purchase of shares we require the demat account in the bank. By the e-commerce we have known about the share prices up and down and latest information about the shares.

6. Useful in auction:-
These days on-line auction sites are extensively used for auctioning goods by sellers and buyers on the internet and pay the payment online.

History of e-commerce:-
The use of e-commerce started around two decades ago with the invention of technology such as Electronic fund transfer (EFT). Initially its use was confined to big corporations, financial institutions and a few business entrepreneurs. With the introduction of Electronic data interchange (EDI), its use extended to producers, retail traders and other services. Its use kept on spreading in many different areas such as stock trading, travel reservation etc.
The term E-commerce has come out of term “E-mail” which means doing on-line business with the help of computer, e-mail, fax machines, and telephone lines. In 1972 used the term ‘e-commerce’ and with the invention of computers in 1973 the first successful transaction was carried out between USA and European Union.
During 1995 and 1999 many new experiences and inventions came up ranging from advertising to auctioning in the world of e-commerce. By the year 2000 the e-commerce reached out to millions of users through the World Wide Web (WWW). Now e-commerce is going hand in hand with business motive. It incorporates profit motive and it has impact of national and international regulations.

Elements of e-commerce transaction
To do business electronically the following elements are needed:- 1. A Product:-
A product is must be needed in the every transaction because a product is need of customers which is buy and sell on-line. Potential customers make their purchasing decision based on the information you provide to them. Your item description should be clear and easy to understand, with any tech specifications shown in bullet form. Also display a high quality picture if possible
2. A website:-
A website is the second important element of e-commerce. Website is the medium to reach a product to customers because a product is shown on the website which is made by the owner.
3. A way which attracts people to open your site:-
Attracting to more people advertising is the good medium. The advertisements are post on the social website such as face book. The people are seeing the ads and open the site. 4. A way which accepts on-line forms:-
To accept the on-line forms the demo to full this form is must be shown in the site. Because when the people open your site for any order they fill the form correct. 5. A method to receive the payments:-
A method to receive the payments is must be clear on the site by which method the customers are pay the payment which is purchase on-line. Such as Debit card and credit card or cash on delivery. 6. Facility of transportation:-
The facility of transportation is must be provided by the owner to their customers.

7. A mean to deal with warranty and claims:-
The merchant is also shows the warranty or claims with the product. Providing a money-back guarantee is a great way to get potential customers across the line - the ones who need that little bit more convincing to buy your product. Display the guarantee in prominent areas on your website and clear explain how long the offer lasts

Features of e-commerce
Today E-commerce or Electronic Commerce has become a buzz word around the world, especially in developing countries like India, China and Brazil – where internet and computer connection continue to grow at a pretty healthy rate. E-commerce definitely enjoys some unique features, which sets it apart from traditional retail business model; these unique features have also immensely helped in the growth of e commerce business around the world. 1. Breaks geographical barrier:
Unlike traditional retail business, ecommerce is not bounded by geographical barriers. Today an e commerce company can easily sell its products to consumers residing in any part of the country. 2. Saves precious time:
Ecommerce helps in saving the most important thing in today’s modern world: ‘Time’. Consumers from the comfort of their home, office and even café can buy any product they wish to buy. Thanks to e commerce, consumers save lot of precious time that is otherwise wasted if they opt for traditional shopping. 3. Any Time any where service:- Internet technology is available anywhere anytime i.e. 24 hours service across the world.

4. Cost effective:- E-commerce transaction lead to reduction in cost by sending e-mail etc. costs can be cut immensely as result outlets are not required. By using the e-commerce the cost is reduced and customers earn the profits. 5. Online marketing
It is buying and selling of goods on internet. The ads of the products are shown at various site such as facebook, twitter etc. 6. Way of information Important information about consumers needs can be gathered with the use of e-commerce. Today e commerce companies across the world are doling out product information’s that are accurate & to the point, which eventually helps consumers to make better buying decision. This information’s are free from all the inaccuracy & hidden facts that are very much used by traditional retail models as their selling strategy. Besides, e commerce companies also provide accurate information to customers about billing payment & shipping. 7. Effective advertisement
E-commerce is also a source of advertisement. Through internet a seller can give information to the consumers about the product. 8. No need of middle man:
E-commerce does not required involvement of any middle man as there is direct contact between buyer and seller.

SWOT analysis of e-commerce transaction:-
1. Strengths of E-Commerce: 1. 24 hours a day, 7 days in a week your business in operation. 2. You can do your business globally by sitting at your office, home or in bedroom. 3. The products reach to customers directly from the producers at a lower price. 4. It is fast and effective. 5. Low cost 6. Financial transaction through electronic fund transfer is very fast and can be done from any part of the world. 7. Save time and energy.
2. Weakness of E-Commerce: 1. There is no direct interaction between the customer and the seller. 2. Many times we prefer to buy the products by reaching personally to the market rather than purchasing through internet. 3. Sometimes transportation cost increase the product cost.
3. Opportunities: 1. Everyday number of internet users is increasing in a rapid way. 2. People of tomorrow will feel more comfortable to buy products through internet only. 3. Big companies are already entering in this field so they are making people habitual and confident about marketing through internet at the cost of the companies.
4. Threats: 1. Dishonest persons entering in this field which damage the confidence and faith of common people on marketing through internet. 2. General trepidation of internet based business 3. Increased government regulations for supplements

Working of e-commerce:-
The working of e-commerce is very easy. The consumers links his/her computer to the internet and opens the website of the seller. He/she watches different products being sold on that site and then decides which products are to buy. The computer is provided on-line services to order the product and make payment. Whatever information is entered by the consumer on the website is saved in encrypted form. The consumer books the order and provides required information relating to his/her credit or debit card for making payment. All this information reaches processing network through private gateway. Then the issuing bank and the acquiring bank scrutinizers the information related to payment and then pay the payments. It takes around five to seven seconds to complete the procedure.

(Picture no.27)

Types of E-Commerce transaction:-
E commerce is at large, one of the most thriving ways of trade and has been adopted by most of the entrepreneurs in order to reach a higher level of business and profits. E commerce is advantageous in many ways and the most important being the cost effectiveness. There are also not much of geographical barriers far carrying out the business and their promotions. E commerce does not just involve the interactions of the consumers and the business entrepreneurs. It may also have the consumers interacting with other consumers or the business developers with other business developers. There are various types of e commerce that have evolved down the years and with the internet becoming more and more accessible to the common people, the e commerce is gaining more recognition among the masses. Since then there have been various types of e commerce models that have made it more and more reliable for the traders and merchants. There are also different types of e commerce applications that have evolved with the technology thus multiplying the possibility of disseminating e commerce. It has already been in prominence with the number of types of e commerce payment systems available online.
So the various types of E-Commerce transaction are as follow

1. Business to Business (B 2 B) 2. Business to Consumer (B 2 C) 3. Consumer to Consumer (C 2 C) 4. Peer to Peer (P 2 P) 5. Consumer to Business (C 2 B)

(Diagram no.1)

These are explain as follow
1. Business to Business (B 2 B)
Business-to-business (B2B) describes commerce transactions between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer. . It consists of largest form of Ecommerce. This model defines that Buyer and seller are two different entities. It is similar to manufacturer issuing goods to the retailer or wholesaler.

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This is one of the most prevalent types of e commerce transactions. B2B e commerce or the business to business e commerce is the selling of the products within the several companies. In the beginning, it did not receive the desired response, but in the years later it had grown exponentially and has now become a crucial part in every e commerce entity. There have been higher profits with the use of these e commerce models when compared to the other types of e commerce models. Within the B2B model there are a number of software that have been behind the success of this method
As the name suggest this medium includes buying and selling of products and service between business organizations through the net. Through these sites serve only limited clients they are generating significant business in the net. The turnover and profitability of some of these business to business sites are many times higher than the business to consumer’s sites.
An example that illustrates the business to business concept is automobile manufacturing. Many of a vehicle's components are manufactured independently and the auto manufacturer must purchase these parts separately. For instance, the tires, batteries, electronics, hoses and door locks may be manufactured elsewhere and sold directly to the automobile manufacturer.
It encourages the companies to act as following: (a) B2B Hub:-
It creates market in which buyers want to have information about different suppliers with whom they want to contact for business purposes. (b) Service Provides:-
These sites provide on-line services to do away with it related problems. (c) Intermediaries:- These sites collect and sell data relating to attitude of customers.

2. Business to Consumer - B to C
Business to consumer transactions conducted directly between a company and consumers who are the end-users of its products or services. Business to consumer as a business model differs significantly from the business to business model, which refers to commerce between two or more businesses. It is also known as B2C.
B to C model involves an individual and a shop selling goods. In this model the business directly sells to the end consumers. As this media offers scope for 24 hour direct retail shopping and global reach it provides the facility to interact and provide customers information and ordering.

(Picture no.29)
While most companies that sell directly to consumers can be referred to as B2C companies, the term became immensely popular during the dotcom boom of the late 1990s, when it was used mainly to refer to online retailers, as well as other companies that sold products and services to consumers through the Internet. Although numerous business to consumer companies fell victim to the subsequent dotcom bust as investor interest in the sector dwindled and venture capital funding dried up, B2C leaders such as Amazon.com and Priceline.com survived the shakeout and went on to rank among the most successful companies in the world.

3. Customer to Business (C2B)
Customer to Business (C2B), sometimes known as Consumer to Business, is the most recent E-Commerce business model. In this model, individual customers offer to sell products and services to companies who are prepared to purchase them. This business model is the opposite of the traditional B2C model.
C2B has come about as a result of two major changes. Unlike traditional media, which are unidirectional, the Internet is bidirectional, making this type of relationship possible. In addition, the decline in the cost of technology means that individuals now have access to technologies such as powerful computer systems, audio and video capture systems and other digital technologies that were once the exclusive province of large companies

(Picture no.30)
C2B model, also called a reverse auction or demand collection model, enables buyers to name their own price often binding, for a specific good or service generating demand. The website collects the demand bids and then offers the bids to the participating sellers.
Another form of C2B is the electronic commerce business model, in which consumers can offer products and services to companies and the companies pay them. This business model is a complete reversal of traditional business model where companies offer goods and services to consumers (business-to-consumer = B2C). We can see this example in blogs or internet forums where the author offers a link back to an online business facilitating the purchase of some product (like a book on Amazon.com), and the author might receive affiliate revenue from a successful sale.

4. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) (or citizen-to-citizen) electronic commerce involves the electronically facilitated transactions between consumers through some third party. A common example is the online auction, in which a consumer posts an item for sale and other consumers bid to purchase it; the third party generally charges a flat fee or commission. The sites are only intermediaries, just there to match consumers. They do not have to check quality of the products being offered.
Customer to Customer (C2C) markets are innovative ways to allow customers to interact with each other. While traditional markets require business to customer relationships, in which a customer goes to the business in order to purchase a product or service. In customer to customer markets the business facilitates an environment where customers can sell these goods and or services to each other.
In this segment the consumers themselves deal with other consumers for buying and selling goods and products these may include rare special category or second hand goods. Such business sites do not form a very high proportion in web based commerce. The most important sites are the auction sites or OLX, Quicker etc which let anyone to list anything for sale so that everyone is visiting that site.

(Picture no.31)
These sites are message sites like the ones for business to consumer as they depend on more people visiting and using the site and its services.

5. Peer to Peer (P 2 P)
Sometimes group of people with some commonality develop their own network system so that they can communicate directly through their own network. This is called peer to peer e-commerce. In this system security concerns can be taken care of through password policy to prevent unauthorized person to enter system. (Picture no.32)
P to P occurs when users’ computers are connected directly to each other over the internet. It is a method of sharing files over a network in which individual computers are linked via internet or a private network to share programs/ files often illegally. In P2P technology to communicate users download file directly from other users’ computers rather than from a central server. Nepster and Genutella are examples of Peer to Peer software.
Popular Uses of ecommerce in India
Ecommerce referring to the process of trading goods and services through an electronic medium such as the internet has gained tremendous popularity in the recent years. Ecommerce involves paperless transactions and usage of EDI (Electronic Data Interchange), electronic mail, bulletin boards, fax transmissions, and electronic fund transfers. With advancements in technology, there have been changes in the methodology for business transactions. India, being a rapid adaptor of technology is apace with the current scenario of electronic data exchanges and has taken to ecommerce. The number of ecommerce transactions have increased manifold. People use credit or debit cards for making purchases in an online store. Ecommerce is being used for purchase and sale of multiple products and there are multiple players using various portals and websites for this purpose.

The popular uses of e-commerce in India involve the following:
1. Online Travel Industry in India
Use of ecommerce in India is increasing in the travel segment. Online travel industry is expected to be worth US $6 billion in 2011. It is the most successful ecommerce initiative in India. It has contributed Rs 340 Million to the total ecommerce business of Rs 900 Million. The Indian Travel Ministry has introduced a travel portal called Incredible India. This portals a big success as tourists can easily contact travel agents, tour operators and hoteliers easily. This portal has also caused a surge in medical tourism to India. By the year 2010, the medical tourism market in India is expected to be around US$ 2 million. Other travel portals include Makemytrip, Yatra, Clear tip, and Travel guru. Makemytrip has targeted revenue of Rs 230Million for the financial year ending March 2010.
2. Online Retailing or e Tailing
Due to improved broadband connections and increased penetration of credit card facilities to a wider population, e Tailing or online retailing is witnessing a substantial growth. Internet retailers provide a wide range of facilities to the consumers, including discounted prices, comparison of product features offered by various vendors, areas where the products can be procured, etc. Currently, the online retail industry in India is estimated to be worth Rs 110Million. By 2013, India is expected to have the third largest internet user base, which improves the prospects of online purchases. Some of the retail stores offering online retail facilities include: Reliance's Rmoneymall, Pantaloon's FutureBazaar.com, Videocon's eDigiworld.com, Vishalmart’s Vishalmegamart.com, and the Tata Group’s Westside.
3. Online Trading in Stocks and Shares Online stock trading activity is gaining momentum in India. Services offered by the online stock trading companies include online buying and selling of stocks and shares, market analysis and research, details of companies, comparison of companies, and research on equity and mutual funds, customer services through email and chat. Online trading also has an added advantage of real time stock trading without calling or visiting the broker's office. Major online stock trading websites in India include: ICICIDirect.com, Sherkhan.com, Indiabulls.com, 5Paisa.com, Motilal Oswal Securities, HDFC Securities, Reliance Money, IDBIPaisaBuilder, Religare, and Kotak Securities.
4. Online Advertisements The Indian population accesses the internet from home, office, and cybercafés. There is a large segment of population that is fast adapting to internet. Advertisers have identified the internet as a medium for enhancing the awareness for their business activities. Online advertising in India is expected to cover all organizations and their products. The online advertisement industry grew to Rs 3250 million in India, accounting for 38% growth rate in2008-2009. The growth rate for the year 2009-2010 is expected to be 32% which amounts to Rs 4300 million.
5. Online Job Sites Another area where ecommerce is widely used is that of employment. Internet has simplified the process of search for 'right people on the right job'. There are a number of web portals and sites that match a prospective employer's requirements with that of candidates applying for that job. Some of the popular job sites in India include: Naukri, Monster India, Times Jobs, Careerjet, Naukri Hub, Career India, Bixee, Click Jobs, Career Age, and Fresher world.
6. Real Estate Portals There are a number of real estate portals and sites that provide information to user’s regarding the property they wish to buy/sell. This information includes properties available for sale/purchase, the cost, location, etc. Some of the popular real estate portals include: Indiaproperty.com, 99acres.com, Magicbricks.com, and Makaan.com
7. Online Matrimony Websites Matrimony ecommerce portals provide the seekers appropriate information regarding the prospective matches, region of their residence, their religion, caste, etc. Allied services are also provided to the listed members. These services include: astrology, information on customs and rituals, legal issues, health and beauty, fashion, wedding planners, etc. Some of the leading matrimony portals in India include: Shaadi.com, Jeevansathi.com, Bharatmartimony.com, Indiamatrimony.com, and Simplymarry.com, and LifepartnerIndia.com.
Scope of e-commerce transaction:-
E-commerce transaction has brought revolution in the world of business. It includes the following: 1. E-Payment
E-Payment does not involve physical exchange of currency. It is very convenient to make payment via internet. To make payment the customer is just to enter his credit or debit card number. The business can retain a permanent record about customer his e-mail address etc. businessman can make contact with the customer as and when it is required-Payment is also called Electronic Payment, Internet Payment and Web Payment. E-Payment is an inseparable part of E-Commerce. In this buyer and seller do on-line financial transaction. E-Payment system (EPS) is the fastest way of transferring funds on internet. E-Payment refers to transfer of funds via internet by electronic means such as computers, mobile phones. E-Payment does not involve cash and paper cheque.
E-Payment process
The process of e-payment is as follow:

(Picture no.33)

Types of E-Payment:-
The main types of E-Payment are as follow: 1. Credit cards:-
Credit card is a plastic card which is issued by a bank. It is issued to customers of high credit ranking. The necessary information is stored in magnetic form on the card. A card holder can purchase the items from shops and showrooms and need not to pay cash. He has to flash the card in a machine at the place where he is making purchases. Banks issues credit card to the customers up to a certain limit.
Credit cards are used for online purchases. For online transaction credit cards are the easiest method of payment. Credit card payment for online transaction can performed by phone or by filling in a form on the website. 2. Debit card:
Debit card is a type of payment system in which we do not have to wait for days together or months for getting payments. The use of debit card payments has expanded rapidly over the past few years. A Debit card is also known as Check card or ATM card.
Debit card look like credit cards but operate like cash. When debit card is used money is subtracted directly from the bank account and money can be spent only up to the amount in that account. By the debit card we can also buy the goods through the internet means online buy the goods and services. 3. E-Cheque:
The electronic cheque is based on the idea that electronic document can be substituted for paper and public key cryptographic signatures can be substituted for handwritten signatures. The payer writes an e-cheque by structuring an electronic document with the information legally required to be in a cheque and cryptographically signs it. The payee receives the e-cheque verifies the payer’s signature, writes out a deposit and signs the deposit. The payee’s bank verifies the payer’s signatures, credits the payee’s account and forwards the cheque for clearing and settlement. 4. Smart card:
Smart cards are also known as stored value card. Smart cards have built in micro processor chips. This card is a small computer in itself. The information relating to a specific amount of cash can be stored in these chips. This amount is deposited by customer either in cash or by transferring from his account. The consumer can make purchases upto the amount fed into the memory chip. After each purchase the amount fed in the card starts decreasing. At a certain stage of usage the amount fed in the card becomes nil or negligible as such the card holder is not able to make purchase further. 2. E-Banking:-
With the trend of liberalization, globalization and privatization it is difficult for the nation to remain isolated from the world. The growth of internet and e-commerce has transformed the world into the global village. Banking services cannot stand aloof of all these technological changes. The major features would include Anywhere, Anytime banking. E-Banking provides highly personalized banking services at the convenience of the customers.
Internet banking is one of the latest and the most economical technology that has been adopted in banking industry. It has already been accepted that internet banking is very effective in providing financial services and it is expected that more useful and important changes would come up in banking industry.
What is Electronic Banking?
E-Banking is a range of banking services that utilizes electronic equipment and includes the following: 1. Telephone banking 2. Net banking 3. ATM 4. Debit/Credit card 5. EFT ( Electronic Fund Transfer) 6. AFT (Automated Fund Transfer) 7. Mobile banking
E-Banking offers the convenience of conducting most of your banking transaction at a time that suits you. You can access funds between accounts pay bills and make purchases 24 hours a day 7 days a week.
“Delivery of bank services to a customer at his office or home by using electronic technology.”
Process of E-Banking
E-Banking process can be described with the help of following diagram:-
1. Opening the website:
First of all the user opens the website as per his requirement.

2. Authentication:-
After opening the website the users authenticate to the website server and the server authenticate to the user. The user uses his id and password for the purpose. If the user is new he may first be required to be got registered on the website.

3. Selecting the options:-
Various options may be available on the website. He opts the types of service as per his choice.

4. Processing the request:
After authentication and selection of service the requested service is processed.

5. Payment:-
The user may be required to make payment instantly using his credit card or using any other mode. However sometimes they have the options to make payments through conventional mode.
(Diagram No.2)
Features currently available in E-Banking:- 1. Real time account access. 2. View and print deposit account histories. 3. Place stop payments. 4. On-line bill payment. 5. Transfer funds between accounts within community bank. 6. Transfer funds to account at other financial institutions. 7. Make loan payments.
Types of E-Banking services:-
The main types of e-banking services are as follow: 1. Credit card 2. Debit card 3. Mobile banking 4. Telephone banking 5. Electronic cheques ( E-Cheque )
These are explaining as follow: 1. Credit cards:-
Credit card is a plastic card which is issued by a bank. It is issued to customers of high credit ranking. The necessary information is stored in magnetic form on the card. A card holder can purchase the items from shops and showrooms and need not to pay cash. He has to flash the card in a machine at the place where he is making purchases. Banks issues credit card to the customers up to a certain limit.
Credit cards are used for online purchases. For online transaction credit cards are the easiest method of payment. Credit card payment for online transaction can performed by phone or by filling in a form on the website. 2. Debit card:
Debit card is a type of payment system in which we do not have to wait for days together or months for getting payments. The use of debit card payments has expanded rapidly over the past few years. A Debit card is also known as Check card or ATM card. Debit card look like credit cards but operate like cash. When debit card is used money is subtracted directly from the bank account and money can be spent only up to the amount in that account. By the debit card we can also buy the goods through the internet means online buy the goods and services.

3. E-Cheque:
The electronic cheque is based on the idea that electronic document can be substituted for paper and public key cryptographic signatures can be substituted for handwritten signatures. The payer writes an e-cheque by structuring an electronic document with the information legally required to be in a cheque and cryptographically signs it. The payee receives the e-cheque verifies the payer’s signature, writes out a deposit and signs the deposit. The payee’s bank verifies the payer’s signatures, credits the payee’s account and forwards the cheque for clearing and settlement. 4. Mobile banking:
Mobile banking provides customer to access their account on mobile phone screen. Routine banking transactions can be performed by just punching a few letters on mobile. Mobile banking provides types of services like balance enquiry of saving and current accounts, placing a stop payment on cheque bills payment etc. 5. Telephone banking:-
Tele banking is another important service provided by E-Banking. Tele banking is a service where banks get various phone calls during their working hours. It helps the users to transact various transactions while remaining at home. Under tele-banking a customer is just supposed to call up a bank and then customer is asked to press a particular number for a particular type of service.
Advantages of E-Banking:- There are some advantages of e-banking are as follow: 1. Anytime banking 2. Anywhere banking 3. Quick service 4. Online shopping 5. Time save 6. Minimize frauds
3. E-Trading
The process of conducting stock market transactions (buy and sell orders) using an electronic platform that transfers the orders to a physical person to complete. Electronic trading has become a popular method due to its ability to conducts transactions quickly and effectively the use of online trades has increased the number of discount brokerages because internet trading allows many brokers to further cut costs and part of the savings can be passed to customers in the form of lower commissions.
Another benefit of online trading is the improvement in the speed of which transactions can be executed and settled, because there is no need for paper-based documents to be copied, filed and entered into an electronic format.
Online trading or E-Trading is that part of e-commerce which specializes in financial services. It deals in corporate paper e.g. stocks and shares the purchase of commodities and currencies. In other words online trading is a service offered on the internet for the purchase and sale of shares.
In actual practice you can place order on your stockbroker either verbally or in a written form. In online trading you can place order on your stockbroker either verbally or in a written form. In online trading you will access a stockbroker’s website through your internet enabled PC and place order through the broker internet based order routing and trading engine.
In simple words The process of conducting stock market transactions (buy and sell orders) using an electronic platform that transfers the orders to a physical person to complete.
Electronic trading has become a popular method due to its ability to conducts transactions quickly and effectively.

Prerequisites of E-Trading:- The prerequisites of E-Trading are as follow

1. An internet enabled computer.

2. Registration with an E-broker. E-broker helps in sale and purchase of securities. There are many e-brokers in the market which helps to purchase and sale the shares. They are

1. India Infoline Ltd. 2. Kotak securities Ltd 3. Anand rathi Ltd.

3. A bank account preferably with the facility of electronic money transfer. For instant fund transfer it is advisable to have a bank account in a bank with which e-broker has a tie-up.

4. The person who wants to trade in shares must have a trading a/c which can be opened with any e-broker.

5. A demat account with a depository participant. There are mainly two depository participants in India such as
NSDL (National Securities Depository Ltd.)
CDSL (Central Depository Services Ltd.)

4. E-Marketing: Marketing is a very wide term which apart from sale and purchase of goods and services includes all those activities which are related with sale and purchase. Very simply put, e-marketing or electronic marketing refers to the applications of marketing principles and techniques via electronic media and more specifically the internet. The terms e-marketing, internets marketing and online marketing are frequently interchanged and can often be considered synonymous.
E-marketing is the process of marketing a brand using the internet. It includes both direct response marketing and indirect marketing elements and uses a range of technologies to help connect business to their customers.
4 ps of e-marketing:-
Marketing mix is the combination of four elements
Product
Price
Place
Promotion

Advantages of E-Marketing:- 1. Anytime shopping 2. Automation 3. Minimize cost 4. Time saving 5. Brand awareness 6. Market reach

Difference between E-commerce v/s Traditional commerce
Electronic commerce is an extension of traditional commerce which is concerned with the activities of business, industry and trade including the exchange of goods, services, information and money.
The major difference between e-commerce and traditional commerce are as follow: Basis | E-commerce | Traditional commerce | 1.Meaning | E-commerce involves buying and selling of goods and services on internet. | Traditional commerce involves the physical exchange of goods and service | 2.Any where & Any time service | It means anytime, anywhere services. It provides 24 hours. | It is restricted to working hours only. | 3.Middleman | It does not require any middleman. In this direct contact between buyers and sellers. | It requires the involvement of wholesalers and retailers. | 4.Growth in business | Market growth is possible with internet. | Traditional practices have lesser market growth. | 5.Quick services | It provides quick service through which customers can get information in seconds. | It requires lot of time while selecting, purchasing and payment of goods. | 6.Cost | It is cost effective as there is no need of retail outlets. It also reduces the advertising cost. | In this we need retail outlet and advertising cost. So it increases the cost many times. | 7.Computer & Internet | In e-commerce goods and service are sold and bought with the help of computer and internet. | In this goods and services are sold and bought without the help of internet. |
(Table no.11)
Advantages of E-Commerce
Some of its direct benefits to different sections are narrated below:- 1. Benefits to customers:-

1. Available at Anywhere Anytime:-
E-Commerce provides services to consumers twelve months in a year and 24 hours in a day across the world.

2. Competitive Rates:-
E-Commerce provides goods and services to the customers at competitive rates. A customer can compare the rates of different seller within no time by visiting their websites. 3. Better customer services:-
With E-Commerce there is a better and more efficient communication with customers. Customers can enjoy the convenience of shopping at any hour anywhere in the world 4. Availability of large sellers:-
E-Commerce helps customers with more choices because numbers of sellers of the some product are available on the website. They can select from many sellers and from more products. 5. Quick services:-
Customers can receive relevant and detailed information in seconds from the website. 6. Purchasing at home:-
In case of E-commerce a computer is required with the internet if a customer is purchasing a goods through online. Without physically visit a shop. A customer is buy and sell the goods while sitting at home.

7. Easy interaction:
One of the benefits of e-commerce is that it facilitates easy interaction among the customers. 2. Benefits to Organizations:-

1. Customers are self created:-
A website creates an image of the merchants. If the merchants offer the goods at a lower price or with special offers, it attracts the customer itself. Online customer is the advertiser of the merchant. Customer gets good services he will tell it to the other customers. 2. Middleman disappears:-
In E-commerce transactions the role of middleman is eliminated. The products are delivered directly to the customers without the presence of any middleman. 3. Cost effective:-
At present on line shopping is more cost effective than traditional retailing because it has no or negligible paper work. 4. Opportunities for new businesses:-
Business over the internet has a global customer reach. There are endless possibilities for business to exploit and expand their customer base. 3. Benefits to the society
1. Helpful for society
Different types of services and products are now available on the website of different suppliers. Customers get lot of information about the product on the internet. They select those goods which are useful for them.

2. On-line payment:-
E-Commerce provides customers on-line payments. Usually credit card is used for payment. When the buying and selling procedure is complete you can enter your name, address, credit card number etc and wait for delivery.
3. Helpful to public services:-
Public services such as health care, education and information and latest health care technologies are easily available. E-commerce makes products and services more easily available without geographic limitations.
4. Helpful for every category:-
Due to cut throat competition in business the goods and service are available at reasonable prices. Due to this virtue people with low income can avail benefit of buying goods and services at reasonable price.
5. Saving of time:-
Ones do not have to go out specially for buying the required goods and services. The time so saved can be spent on other important matters and with family.
6. Helpful in safeguarding environment:-
E-commerce has greatly helped in reducing consumption of paper as now all sorts of information are communicated on the net. Now we need not to have the statements of bank accounts, bills of electricity and phone on papers we may get them through e-mail.

Future of e-commerce
Today, the market place is flooded with several e-commerce options for shoppers to choose from. A variety of innovative products and services are being offered spoiling customers for choice. Online shopping is no more a privilege enjoyed by your friends and family living in the US or UK. Today, it is a reality in India. In the last couple of years, the growth of e-commerce industry in India has been phenomenal as more shoppers have started discovering the benefits of using this platform. There is enough scope for online businesses in the future if they understand the Indian shopper’s psyche and cater to their needs. As India is a developing country a large number of cash transactions take place in businesses here but carrying cash for business transaction is a highly risky affair for businessman as well as bankers. If Indian companies are to compete in international markets they can not ignore e-commerce. The future of e-commerce in India is very bright. The following points may be put forth to support this view. 1. Employment opportunities 2. Communication and physical structure 3. Language skills 4. Government efforts

E.W.T. Ngai , F.K.T. Wat may 2001
In this study, we present a literature review and classification scheme for electronic commerce (EC) research. The results show that an increasing volume of EC research has been conducted for a diverse range of areas. The articles are classified and results of these are presented, based on a scheme that consists of four main categories: application areas, technological issues, support and implementation, and others. A comprehensive list of references is presented. Hopefully, this review will provide a source for anyone interested in EC research and help simulate further interest.
Huang, Li., et.al (2006) The primary objective was to provide an overview of empirical research on trust in electronic commerce from 2001 to 2006 to allow cumulative analysis of results. Even though this literature review cannot claim to be exhaustive, it provided reasonable insights and showed the incidence of research on this subject. This paper provides a detailed table of research trends and patterns in B2C trust researches.
Shan-Yan Huang, (2007)
The purpose of this research is to examine previous literatures which focus on trust in Business to Consumer (B2C) of e-commerce transactions between 2001 and 2006. All selected papers are analyzed through a conceptual framework to recognize the context and nature of trust. The working process includes three primary phases: selecting and focusing phase, analyzing phase, and concluding and outcome-converging phase, which enhance the fulfillment of analysis and the accumulation of knowledge in the domain of B2C trust researches. In the future, the research in this area need clearly indicate how proposed models are tested base on theory, and the nature of B2C trust researches must be identified more detailed, additionally, improving the oversimplification of the trust nature. Moreover, the researchers should associate the focal point with comprehensive in the future.

Malhotra and Singh 2007
In this study carried out a research to find the I-banking adoption by the banks in India. Thus it is high time that India should act fast and decisively in order to use the growing electronic trade to our advantage.
Chunhui Piaoab, Xufang Hanc & Harris Wud 09 Aug 2010
We provide a formal definition of an e-commerce transaction network. Agent-based modelling is used to simulate e-commerce transaction networks. For real-world analysis, we studied the open application programming interfaces (APIs) from eBay and Taobao e-commerce websites and captured real transaction data. Pajek is used to visualise the agent relationships in the transaction network. We derived one-mode networks from the transaction network and analysed them using degree and betweenness centrality. Integrating multi-agent modelling, open APIs and social network analysis, we propose a new way to study large-scale e-commerce systems.
Sridhar vaithianathan 2010
This study examines the existing status of EC in India and reviews the available literature on E-commerce adoption in India and puts forth opportunities for future research. The study might serve as a starting point for further research in e-commerce in India. Firms across the globe have adopted e-commerce (EC) in their operations and have reaped benefits thereof. While firms in technologically developed countries like US and UK has deployed EC to its advantage, whereas firms in developing countries like India failed to follow the suit. Though it has been widely acknowledged by the researchers that the adoption of EC by businesses in developing countries is an important economic indicator of growth; many firms in India still have not realized the potential benefits of EC.
IBIMA Publishing Journal of Electronic Banking System (2011)
Globalization, collaboration and wireless technologies have led to stiff competition. As a result, commercial banks have generally adopted the use of e-commerce products and services in their delivery of services to customers. This study’s main objective was to explore the challenges faced and benefits that accrue from adoption and usage of e-commerce products and services banking by commercial banks in Kenya. A survey was carried out to achieve the envisaged aims of the study. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed however only 70 banks responded. Overall, research showed that while the majority of the banks in Kenya have adopted e-commerce products and services, usage levels have remained relatively low, as not many customers are using this innovation in Kenya. To establish benefits and challenges in the adoption and usage of e-commerce, 32 variables were used to measure the level of application among these banks. These variables were analyzed using factor analysis procedure and in order to achieve a simple and meaningful structure, that is, have a nonzero loading of the explained variance for each individual factors, varimax rotation was done. As a result, 10 critical factors were established as the best practices which include: improved customer service, reduced number of customers in the banking hall, reduced operating costs and increased market share. The challenges faced in the adoption of e-commerce products and services include compatibility with existing legacy systems, cost of implementation and security concerns ranked high, ensuring desired levels of security and privacy. Unreliable telecommunication as well as lack of legislation governing e-commerce transactions rated highly.

Devendra 2012
In this defined that e-commerce commonly known as eCommerce consist of buying and selling of products or services over electronic system such as internet and other computer network. Internet is technology for e-commerce as it offers easier ways to access companies and individuals at very low cost in order to carry out day-to-day business transactions.
Manoj singhal 2012
E-commerce stands for electronic commerce. It can be defined as the use of internet to facilitate, execute and processes business transaction. This transaction is basically between the two parties and has the ability to pay online. It also constitutes the exchange of products and services between business groups and individuals. Businessman can spread his business at international level with the help of latest internet technology. There are three main reasons to accept ecommerce by the persons. The main reason is that it provides immediate access to unlimited information, the second reason is to update daily business activity due to computerization and the third one is the opportunities provided by e-commerce that allow for a personal or business involvement through the internet. India is showing tremendous growth in the Ecommerce.
Ruchi Monga Mar 2012
In this author study that groundwork with brief introduction of recent trends in e-commerce on people. This is followed by their general perceptions and preferences of the online shopping including product and website selection. Each of these e-commerce generalities” will be compared to information amassed from survey questions and open ended discussions. E-commerce companies in India offer the most tangible and finest e-commerce solutions, taking utmost care of the privacy and security of the e-commerce website. E-Commerce service includes shopping carts, database programmers, graphic design services, graphics, e-business, Flash designs etc
August 2012
Balasundram Maniam, Lily Naranjo, and Geetha Subramaniam, Member, IEDRC
This study purpose to collaborate with the literature with respect to trust and security and their implications to e-commerce, as well as offers suggestions regarding business success in e-commerce. This project focuses on the e-commerce environment through the Internet. The Internet has boosted the growth of e-commerce, but the uncertainty of the Internet results in two main concerns: trust and security. The findings in this research are specific recommendations in building trust and providing data security as well as e-commerce general practices concepts. By implementing e-commerce general practices concepts and addressing customer trust and security issues, e-vendors will achieve business success. As general practices in successful e-businesses, e-vendors should follow established trends: investing in customer service, helping the customer, getting personal, having variety, analyzing and using old business rules, and bringing everything together with Customer Relationship Management system.

Maha Al-Khaffaf, 2013
The increased interest in e-commerce in Jordan and the developing countries mainly generates the need to measure the prevalence of web and electronic commerce in Jordan environment. The proposed model in this research focus on four factors that can be used to achieve this study; e-commerce user factor, legal and economic factors and product or service factor, literature review have been used to support the research model and so to use these factors to measure the prevalence of e-commerce in Jordan. Procedural definitions also define the research factor and its relationship with e-commerce prevalence.
D.K. gangeshwer2013
The author studies the conceptual knowledge of search engine marketing or e-commerce literature review current and future aspects of e-commerce in India context. This paper discussed about the top motivator factors of shopping online. The present development would be a valuable addition to researcher and academicians and useful theory for practitioners, advertisers.
Abhijit mitra 2013
In this study has been undertaken to describe the present status and facilitators of E-Comeerece in india and analyze the present trends of E-Commerce in India and examine the barriers of E-commerce in india. Electronic commerce or business is more than just another way to sustain or enhance existing business practices. E-commerce has helped online travel industry in many ways and added a new sales avenue through online retail industry in our country.
Dr.abhay upadhayay and Dr. a.k. tiwari july 2013
The author aims to review the studies of significant success factors of the E-commerce and to identify significant success factors which are out of the framework of business management. These factors cannot control or managed by the company. Here we propose to five factors which are culture, religion, personal and government.

Research Objectives:
An objective or goal is a personal or organizational desired end point in development. It is usually endeavored to be reached in finite time by setting deadline. Goal Setting involves setting specific, measurable and time targeted objectives. Work on the theory of objective setting suggests that it is an effective tool for making progress by ensuring that participants are clearly aware of what is expected from them, if an objective is to be achieved. On a personal level, setting goals or objectives is a process that allows people to specify then work towards their own objectives - most commonly with financial or career-based goals. Goal setting is a major component of Personal development literature. 1. To know the importance of E-Commerce transaction in today environment. 2. To identify the impact of E-Commerce on organization or peoples. 3. To recognize the benefits and limitations of e-commerce. 4. Identify the major issue that represents significant threats to continued growth of E-Commerce. 5. To identify the main barriers to the growth and development of E-Commerce in organization.

Research
Research can be defined as the search for knowledge or any systematic investigation to establish facts. The primary purpose for applied research (as opposed to basic research) is discovering, interpreting, and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe.
According to Clifford woody research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organising and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at the last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research in a common parlance refers to search of knowledge. Infect one can define the research as scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on specific topic. Research comprises defining and redefining the problem, formulating hypothesis, suggest solution, collecting, organizing and evaluating data.
Research methodology is a systematic way to solve the research problem. The research process consists of series of closely related activities and to solve a research problem adopt the following process. Research is a diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to discover or revise facts, theories, applications, etc... Methodology is the system of methods followed by a particular discipline. Thus Research methodology is the way how we conduct our research.
The research process: 1. Define the problem and research objectives. 2. Develop a research plan 3. Collect the information 4. Analyze the information 5. Finding and recommendations
Research problem
The research problem in this study is E-commerce transactions.
Research design:-
A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine the relevance to the purpose with ceremony of procedure. Type of Research - Descriptive research is used in this study in order to identify the usage the E-commerce during the transaction in our daily life. The method used was questionnaire and interview from the people who used E-commerce means sale and purchase through internet
Sample design:-
For any research it is usually not possible to survey the entire population due to budget and time constraints. Therefore we need to select a sample. Sampling frame is the pool from which the respondents are selected. The design of the sample is simple which is easy to understand. The two important things in sample design are
Sample size:- The size of the sample is small which helps to take a information easily and quickly. So I plan a sample of 100 people. The sample size covers the various categories of people who use the e-commerce for long time and some are new in this.
Sample area:-
It means an area in which research is conducted. For my project both urban and rural area person are involved which have some knowledge about the e-commerce transactions.
Sampling Method
For the research Convenience Sampling Method was used. The respondents were picked up as per the ease of access.
Statistical tools used
Simple percentage analysis.
Weighted average method. Collection of data:-
There is two types of data which is necessary for make a project: -
Primary Data 1. Observation Method 2. Interview Method 3. Questionnaire Secondary Data 1. Books 2. Articles and Research Papers 3. Internet
Analysis and Interpretation:- Data analysis and interpretation is very important steps in research as with help of this we come to know about the results and findings of research. Once the data has been collected it should be analyzed very carefully. Data should be converted in to the short from with the help of coding, tabulation and graphs.
Preparation report
Finally the report will be prepared on the basis of the above research methodology.

Q1 For how many years you are using E-Commerce transaction facility?
Table no.12 Years | No. of respondents | % of respondents | One year | 27 | 27% | 1-5 year | 63 | 63% | More than 5 year | 10 | 10% | Do not know | 0 | 0% |

Diagram no.3

Analysis:- The study shows that the respondents e-commerce transaction facility use 63% of 1-5 years, 27% persons says they used from 1 year, 10% persons says more than 5 years used the e-commerce transaction facility.
Interpretation: - According to this analysis the scope of e-commerce is increasing day by day. The no. of people increasing with the awareness about e-commerce.

Q2 For what purpose do you use E-Commerce?
Table no.13 Purpose | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Personal use | 84 | 84% | Business use | 10 | 10% | For both a and b | 6 | 6% |

Diagram no.4

Analysis: - The study shows that 84% respondents are used e-commerce for personal use. !0% are used for their business use and 6% respondent are used for both business and personal use.
Interpretation: - According to analysis the respondent are use e-commerce for shopping online, purchase the good related with their business and also pay their bills which they purchased. By this they can save their time.

Q3 How you done your payment of products which you purchase online?
Table no.14 Payment done | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Debit card | 37 | 37% | Credit card | 17 | 17% | Cash on delivery | 46 | 46% |

Diagram no.5

Analysis: - This study shows that 46% are pay their payments by cash on delivery, 37% are used the debit cards and 17% are used credit cards for done the payments.
Interpretation: - according to this analysis the people are pay when the good are reaching at their house because sometime goods are lost or not reached with the duration time so they not pay online. But if they purchase at the showroom, malls they can used the debit or credit cards to pay the payments. For online tax and bills pay used the credit or debit cards.

Q4 Do you think that the application of E-Commerce has increased over the years in India?
Table no.15 E-commerce application increase | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Yes | 74 | 74% | No | 0 | 0% | Can’t say | 26 | 26% |

Diagram no.6

Analysis: - The study shows that 74% of respondents say that e-commerce applications are increased in India and 26% of respondents can’t say and 0% are says no.
Interpretation: - According to this analysis the applications are increased over the years in India which promotes the e-commerce and increase the awareness level of commerce. The applications are mobile banking, Magento etc

Q5 Do you trust on online trade?
Table no.16 Trust online trade | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Yes | 93 | 93% | No | 4 | 4% | Can’t say | 3 | 3% |

Diagram no. 7

Analysis: - The study shows that 93% of respondents are trust on online trade, 4% are say No and 3% are Can’t say.
Interpretation: - According to analysis the respondent say on-line trade is good it is save times and energy but there are some barriers which creates effect on on-line trade such as internet connection speed is low, changing technology, some peoples do not have trust on-line trade because they think if they purchase good and not reach at home then they face the loss.

Q6 Do you believe that E-Commerce transaction save the Time, Money and Energy?
Table no.17 Save time, money , energy | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Yes | 100 | 100% | No | 0 | 0% | Can’t say | 0 | 0% |

Diagram no.8

Analysis: - The study shows that 100% respondents are believe that e-commerce transaction save the time, money and energy.
Interpretation: - According to analysis e-commerce save our Time, Money and Energy because the transactions are done online through the internet.

Q7 You did online trading of shares?
Table no.18 Online trading of shares | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Yes | 50 | 50% | No | 18 | 18% | Can’t say | 32 | 32% |

Diagram no.9

Analysis: - The study shows that 50% respondents are purchase online shares, 32% are can’t say and 18% respondents say no.
Interpretation: - According to analysis the respondent are online purchase and sale of shares by demat a/c. The others say they do not have any interest in online trading of shares because the price of share ups and downs and sometime face the loss.

Q8 From which site you use mostly for online shopping?
Table no.19 Online shopping site mostly used | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Home shop 18 | 25 | 25% | EBay | 25 | 25% | Jabong | 37 | 37% | Flip kart | 9 | 9% | Snap deal | 4 | 4% | Any other | 2 | 2% |

Diagram no.10

Analysis: - The study shows that respondents mostly shopping from 37% from jabong, 25% from Home shop 18 and EBay, 9% from flip kart and 4% from snap deal.
Interpretation: - According to this analysis the respondents are shopping from their favorites site which provides the latest fashion, brands at the reasonable price.

Q9 From the various types of E-Commerce what according to you has the largest market share?
Table no.20 Largest market share | No. of respondents | % of respondents | B to B | 14 | 14% | B to C | 83 | 83% | B to G | 0 | 0% | P to P | 3 | 3% |

Diagram no.11

Analysis: - The study shows that 83% respondents are say B to C covers the largest market shares, 14% covers B to B and 3% P to P.
Interpretation:- According to analysis that B to C ( Business to Consumer) has largest market share because in this consumer is easily buy the good and services online and pay the bills online sitting at home the good are delivered and reached at home. So B2C is simple and easiest mode of purchasing. This is used by everyone.

Q10 If you have purchase on the internet how important are the following factor for you?
Table no.21 Important factors | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Security | 22 | 22% | Privacy | 29 | 29% | Guarantee | 10 | 10% | Price | 28 | 28% | Information | 8 | 8% | Customer service | 3 | 3% | Any other | 0 | 05 |

Diagram no.12

Analysis: - The study shows that 29% says privacy is the important factor for purchase on internet, 28% says price, 22% says security, 10% says guarantee, 8% says information and 3% says customer service.
Interpretation: - According to analysis that all these factors are important but privacy is so important while paying the bills online we enter our debit or credit card no. and other important data. There are some data which gets security during the transaction.
Q11 what opinion do you have towards using the internet for E-Commerce transaction?
Table no.22 Opinion | No. of respondents | % of respondent | Positive | 82 | 82% | Negative | 3 | 3% | No opinion | 15 | 15% |

Diagram no.13

Analysis: - The study shows that 82% respondents have positive opinion about e-commerce transaction, 15% has no opinion and 3% has negative opinion.
Interpretation: - According to this analysis the respondents has positive opinion because e-commerce transaction provide the security and privacy while online.

Q12 Do you think the govt. of India promote E-Commerce transaction in India?
Table no.23 Govt. promote e-commerce | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Yes | 85 | 85% | No | 5 | 5% | Can’t say | 10 | 10% |

Diagram no.14

Analysis: - The study shows that 85% respondents say that government of India promotes e-commerce transaction, 10% says can’t say and 5% says no.
Interpretation: - According to analysis that the govt. of India promote the e-commerce transaction such as online banking, mobile banking and tele banking etc by these we can get the information about our account.

Q13 which online service in using E-Commerce transaction is more user friendly according to you?
Table no.24 Online service used | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Internet banking | 28 | 28% | Telephone banking | 4 | 4% | ATM service | 68 | 68% | Any other | 0 | 0% |

Diagram no.15

Analysis: - The study shows that 68% respondents are used ATM service for online transaction, 28% says internet banking and 4% says telephone banking.
Interpretation: - According to analysis the ATM service is the best or more user friendly for online services because it is provide anywhere and anytime service for people. The internet banking is also providing the online services.

Q14 According to you in which E-Commerce transaction is used most by people in India?
Table no.25 E-Commerce transaction used in | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Real estate | 4 | 4% | Stocks/shares | 25 | 25% | Travel/tourism | 12 | 12% | Banking | 54 | 54% | Any other | 5 | 5% |

Diagram no.16

Analysis: - The study shows that 54% respondents say banking is used in e-commerce transaction, 25% says purchase stocks and shares, 12% says travel/tourism, 5% says any other such as shopping, 4% says real estate.
Interpretation:- According to analysis that banking is used because by this we can pays the online taxes and bills, and also purchase shares online transfer the online one person to another and pay their payments, there are so many site which provide the booking of tickets for travel and tourism such as Yatra.com, incredible India etc
Q15 what are the challenges to the implementation of E-Commerce transaction in India?
Table no.26 Challenges | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Slow speed of internet | 23 | 23% | Security concern | 7 | 7% | Lack of trust | 50 | 50% | Consumer awareness level is low | 20 | 20% | Any other | 0 | 0% |
Diagram no.17 Analysis:- The study shows that 50% respondents says lack of trust is a big challenge in e-commerce transaction, 23% says slow speed of internet, 20% says consumer awareness level is low.
Interpretation: - According to this analysis lack of trust is the big challenges e-commerce transaction in India because the people are never share its personal information with other. The internet connection speed is slow because in tele-communication sector face the many problems, the awareness about e-commerce is low because many of people not known about the what is e-commerce.
Q16 While using online transaction you check security policy /certificate of internet site before entering credit card details / Personal information?
Table no.27 Security policy | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Always | 73 | 73% | Never | 4 | 4% | Sometime | 23 | 23% |

Diagram no.18

Analysis: - The study shows that 73% peoples are check the security policy/certificate of internet site before entering credit card detail and personal information, 23% says sometime and 4% says never.
Interpretation: - According to analysis that the peoples are check the security policy/certificate of internet site before entering credit card detail and personal information because for using online transaction the privacy or security is must be needed.
Q17 Have you perform any of the following activity online?
Table no.28 Online activity perform | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Purchase and sale shares | 20 | 20% | Bills pay | 28 | 28% | Tax pay | 38 | 38% | Booking tickets | 12 | 12% | Any other activity | 2 | 2% |

Diagram no. 19

Analysis: - The study shows that 38% respondent tax pay online, 28% says bills pay, 20% says purchase and sale share online, 12% says booking tickets and 2% any other activity such as shopping.
Interpretation: - According to analysis the respondent perform the online activity to tax pay and bills pay because by this time save and no wait for his turn while standing in long lines. And also purchase and sale the shares online, booking tickets because it save the time. To open the site and book the tickets.
Q18 Do you agree that E-Commerce can provide an alternative marketing channel by eliminating middleman?
Table no.29 Eliminating middleman | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Highly agree | 16 | 16% | Agree | 36 | 36% | Neutral | 47 | 47% | Disagree | 0 | 0% | Highly disagree | 1 | 1% |

Diagram no.20 Analysis:- The study shows that 47% says neutral e-commerce provide an alternative marketing channel by eliminating middleman, 36% says agree, 16% says highly agree and 1% is highly disagree.
Interpretation:- According to analysis the e-commerce is eliminate middleman because if a person is purchase online then company directly send goods to the consumer address which is given by the person. By this price of goods is reduced because middleman charges are not added in.
Q19 According to you E-Commerce transaction is good?
Table no.30 Yes | No. of respondents | % of respondents | No | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Security provide | 12 | 12% | Costly | 0 | 0% | Easily transfer | 31 | 31% | Lack of information | 0 | 0% | Time save | 42 | 42% | Change technology | 0 | 0% | Helpful on safe guarding environment | 15 | 15% | Not meet face to face during transaction | 0 | 0% |

Diagram no.21 Analysis: - The study shows that e-commerce transactions are good 42% says it’s save time, 31% says easily transfer, 15% says helpful in safe guarding environment, 12% says security provides on the e-commerce transaction.
Interpretation: - According to analysis that e-commerce is save our time because the paper work is reduced and easily transfer the information from one place to another. E-commerce is also helpful in safe guarding environment and provides the security.
Q20 What according to you is the future of E-Commerce in India?
Table no.31 Future of E-commerce | No. of respondents | % of respondents | Very good | 30 | 30% | Good | 67 | 67% | Not so good | 0 | 0% | Do not have future in India | 3 | 3% |

Diagram no.22

Analysis: - The study shows that respondents say 67% future of e-commerce in India is good, 30% says very good and 3% says the do not have future in India.
Interpretation: - According to analysis that the future of e-commerce in India is good because India is developing country and e-commerce developed in India with the passage of time.

Findings of my study:- 1. The study shows that the respondents e-commerce transaction facility use 63% of 1-5 years, 27% persons says they used from 1 year, 10% persons says more than 5 years used the e-commerce transaction facility.

2. The study shows that 84% respondents are used e-commerce for personal use. !0% are used for their business use and 6% respondent are used for both business and personal use.

3. This study shows that 46% are pay their payments by cash on delivery, 37% are used the debit cards and 17% are used credit cards for done the payments.

4. The study shows that 74% of respondents say that e-commerce applications are increased in India and 26% of respondents can’t say and 0% are says no.

5. The study shows that 93% of respondents are trust on online trade, 4% are say No and 3% are Can’t say.

6. The study shows that 100% respondents are believe that e-commerce transaction save the time, money and energy.

7. The study shows that 50% respondents are purchase online shares, 32% are can’t say and 18% respondents say no.

8. The study shows that respondents mostly shopping from 37% from jabong, 25% from Home shop 18 and EBay, 9% from flip kart and 4% from snap deal.

9. The study shows that 83% respondents are say B to C covers the largest market shares, 14% covers B to B and 3% P to P.

10. The study shows that 29% says privacy is the important factor for purchase on internet, 28% says price, 22% says security, 10% says guarantee, 8% says information and 3% says customer service.

11. The study shows that 82% respondents have positive opinion about e-commerce transaction, 15% has no opinion and 3% has negative opinion.

12. The study shows that 85% respondents say that government of India promotes e-commerce transaction, 10% says can’t say and 5% says no.

13. The study shows that 68% respondents are used ATM service for online transaction, 28% says internet banking and 4% says telephone banking.

14. The study shows that 54% respondents say banking is used in e-commerce transaction, 25% says purchase stocks and shares, 12% says travel/tourism, 5% says any other such as shopping, 4% says real estate.

15. The study shows that 50% respondents says lack of trust is a big challenge in e-commerce transaction, 23% says slow speed of internet, 20% says consumer awareness level is low.

16. The study shows that 73% peoples are check the security policy/certificate of internet site before entering credit card detail and personal information, 23% says sometime and 4% says never.

17. The study shows that 38% respondent tax pay online, 28% says bills pay, 20% says purchase and sale share online, 12% says booking tickets and 2% any other activity such as shopping.

18. The study shows that 47% says neutral e-commerce provide an alternative marketing channel by eliminating middleman, 36% says agree, 16% says highly agree and 1% is highly disagree.

19. The study shows that e-commerce transactions are good 42% says it’s save time, 31% says easily transfer, 15% says helpful in safe guarding environment, 12% says security provides on the e-commerce transaction.

20. The study shows that respondents say 67% future of e-commerce in India is good, 30% says very good and 3% says the do not have future in India.

Limitations of the study

1. Due to lack of time the scope of research is limited. 2. E-commerce is a newer concept for Indian which makes it difficult to understand it in a short span. 3. Very few people have knowledge about e-commerce transactions and others types of e-commerce. 4. Lack of knowledge about e-commerce transaction among Indian people is yet another limitations of my study. 5. The sample may not be representing the whole population.

Suggestions 1. The government should increase the awareness about e-commerce transaction. 2. Banks are also helped to introduced the e-commerce transactions to the peoples 3. The main problems are slow speed of internet. If govt. has developed the telecommunication sector then the future of e-commerce is bright in India. 4. The e-commerce is improving the customer service by purchasing online goods. 5. The govt. should plan to introduce new schemes for attracting new customers and satisfying the present ones.

Conclusion

E-Commerce has unleashed yet another revolution, which is changing the way businesses buy and sell products and services. New methodologies have evolved. The role of geographic distances in forming business relationships is reduced. E-Commerce is the future of shopping. With the deployment of 3G and 4G wireless communication technologies, the internet economy will continue to grow robustly. In the next 3 to 5 years, India will have 30 to 70 million internet users which will equal, if not surpass, many of the developed countries. Internet economy will then become more meaningful in India. With the rapid expansion of internet, E-commerce is set to play a very important role in the 21st century.
Electronic commerce simply can be described as doing business electronically. By this we can easily share the information, buying and selling of goods and service and also buy the shares online and pay the bills online. The business to consumer transactions has covered the largest area in the market. Because by this goods are directly reached at the consumer by eliminate middleman and reduced the transaction cost of the products.

Bibliography & References

Books

Sarkaria Singh Maninder ,Rai Hakumat ,Sardana Sangita, Fundamentals of E-Business, New Delhi, Kalyani Publishers 2010.

Websites

www.wikipedia.com

http://www.ibef.org/industry/information-technology-india.aspx

Joydeep, The Information Technology Industry Of India: An Overview (August 31, 2013) http://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/government/the-information-technology-industry-of-india-an-overview http://www.indialawoffices.com/ilo_pdf/industry-reports/informationtechnology.pdf

SiliconIndia news Top 10 IT Companies in India Tuesday, 08 January 2013 http://www.siliconindia.com/news/business/Top-10-IT-Companies-in-india-nid-138043-cid-3.html http://airsoftinfosys.com/

http://www.ndtv.com/photos/business/the-1-2-3-of-india-s-top-it-companies-15258/slide/3

http://www.sundewsolutions.com/services_e_commerce_solutions.php

Mukesh Bansal E-commerce in India – Present and Future (December 14, 2012) http://www.iamwire.com/2012/12/e-commerce-in-india-%E2%80%93-present-and-future/#_ampap7ni, MITRA ABHIJIT, E-commerce in India review, International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research, Vol.2, No.2 February (2013). http://indianresearchjournals.com/pdf/IJMFSMR/2013/February/9.pdf E.W.T. Ngai, F.K.T. Wat A literature review and classification of electronic commerce research Information & Management 39 (2002) 415-429 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.93.4620&rep=rep1&type=pdf Susan Lambert A Review of the Electronic Commerce Literature to Determine the Meaning of the Term ‘Business Model’. Research Paper Series: 03-5 http://www.flinders.edu.au/sabs/business/research/papers/03-5.pdf Sridhar Vaithianathan Journal Of Electronic Commerce Research archive, Volume 10 Issue 1, March 2010, Pages 83 – 97 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1773567
Ruchi Monga, The Business Impact of E-Commerce, GIAN JYOTI E-JOURNAL, Volume 1, Issue 2 (Jan – Mar 2012) http://www.gjimt.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/N20.pdf D. K. Gangeshwer, E-Commerce or Internet Marketing: A Business Review from Indian Context International Journal of u- and e- Service, Science and Technology Vol.6, No.6 (2013), pp.175-182

http://www.sersc.org/journals/IJUNESST/vol6_no6/17.pdf

Manoj Singhal, E-Commerce in India: A Review (2012) http://research.ijcaonline.org/ctngc/number3/ctngc1024.pdf Budiputra.com (September 23, 2013) http://budiputra.com/10-unique-features-of-e-commerce-technology/ http://www.pearsonhighered.com/samplechapter/0131735160.pdf

http://www.sxccal.edu/msccs/ecommerce1.pdf

Q1 For how many years you are using E-Commerce troansaction facility? (a) One year [ ] (b) 1-5 year [ ] (c) More than 5 year [ ] (d) Do not know [ ]
Q2 For what purpose do you use E-Commerce? (a) Personal use [ ] (b) Business use [ ] (c) For both a and b [ ]
Q3 How you done your payment of products which you purchase online? (a) Debit card [ ] (b) Credit card [ ] (c) Cash on delivery [ ]
Q4 Do you think that the application of E-Commerce has increased over the years in India? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ] (c) Can’t say [ ]
Q5 Do you trust on online trade? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ] (c) can’t say [ ]
Q6 Do you believe that E-Commerce transaction save the Time, Money and Energy? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ] (c) Can’t say[ ]
Q7 You did online trading of shares? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ] (c) Can’t say[ ]
Q8 From which site you use mostly for online shopping? (a) Home shop 18 [ ] (b) EBay [ ] (c) Jabong [ ] (d) Flip kart [ ] (e) Snap deal [ ] (f) Any other[ ] {___________________}
Q9 From the various types of E-Commerce what according to you has the largest market share? (a) B to B [ ] (b) B to C [ ] (c) B to G [ ] (d) P to P [ ]
Q10 If you have purchase on the internet how important are the following factor for you? (a) Security [ ] (b) Privacy [ ] (c) Guarantee [ ] (d) Price [ ] (e) Information [ ] (f) Customer service[ ] (g) Any other[ ]{______________}

Q11 what opinion do you have towards using the internet for E-Commerce transaction? (a) Positive [ ] (b) Negative [ ] (c) No opinion [ ]
Q12 Do you think the govt. of India promote E-Commerce transaction in India? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ] (c) Can’t say[ ]
Q13 which online service in using E-Commerce transaction is more user friendly according to you? (a) Internet banking [ ] (b) Telephone banking [ ] (c) ATM service [ ] (d) Any other[ ] {____________________}
Q14 According to you in which E-Commerce transaction is used most by people in India? (a) Real estate [ ] (b) Stocks/shares [ ] (c) Travel /Tourism [ ] (d) Banking [ ] (e) Any other [ ] {_____________________}
Q15 what are the challenges to the implementation of E-Commerce transaction in India? (a) Slow speed of internet [ ] (b) Security concern [ ] (c) Lack of trust [ ] (d) Consumer awareness level is low [ ] (e) Other factor[ ] {_________________________}
Q16 While using online transaction you check security policy /certificate of internet site before entering credit card details / Personal information? (a) Always [ ] (b) Never [ ] (c) Sometime[ ]
Q17 Have you perform any of the following activity online? (a) Purchase and sale shares [ ] (b) Bills pay [ ] (c) Tax pay [ ] (d) Booking tickets [ ] (e) Any other activity[ ] {__________________}
Q18 Do you agree that E-Commerce can provide an alternative marketing channel by eliminating middleman? (a) Highly agree [ ] (b) Agree [ ] (c) Neutral [ ] (d) Disagree [ ] (e) Highly disagree [ ]
Q19 According to you E-Commerce transaction is good? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]
If YES tick any 1 why it is good (a) Security provide [ ] (b) Easily transfer [ ] (c) Time save [ ] (d) Helpful in safe guarding environment[ ]

If No tick any 1 why it is not good (a) Costly [ ] (b) Lack of information [ ] (c) Change technology [ ] (d) Not meet face to face during transaction [ ]
Q20 What according to you is the future of E-Commerce in India? (a) Very good [ ] (b) Good [ ] (c) Not so good [ ] (d) Do not have future in India [ ]

Name _______________ Date ___/___/________
Gender _____ Age____ Contact no. _________

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...A Case for Case Studies Margo A. Ihde Liberty University Author Note Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Margo A. Ihde, Psychology 255-B05, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Va. 24515. E-mail: mihde@liberty.edu A Case for Case Studies Case Studies are utilized across many disciplines including but not limited to medical science, political science, social science and psychology. There is however some confusion as it relates to the use of case studies. The first such confusion that must be clarified is what the definition of a case study is and what constitutes a case study. The second clarification is to identify the reasons for using a case study. A third area is outlining the advantages and disadvantages of using a case study. Lastly, when a researcher concludes a case study would be the best option they then must determine where and in what ways would the data and information be sourced. Identifying the answers for these four areas is imperative to understanding and utilizing a case study. Case Study – Defined The definition for a case study within all many disciplines is very similar. A case study is usually described as an investigation into a real situation involving an individual, a group, an organization, or a society focusing on a single subject or object (Pegram, 2000). To begin, identifying a case studies purpose would contribute to determining what would and should be investigated. The study could focus on the “history...

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...Select a case study from the University of Phoenix Material: Young and Middle Adulthood Case Studies located on the student website. Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper describing the influence the experiences have made on the person’s development. Address the following in your paper: Discuss the family, social, and intimate relationships of the person in the case study. Identify any role changes that have occurred. Explain the immediate and future effect of healthy or unhealthy habits practiced by this person. Include at least two peer-reviewed resources. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. University of Phoenix Material Young and Middle Adulthood Case Studies Read the following case studies in order to complete the Week Three Individual Assignment. Case Study 1: Jackson Jackson is a 25-year old male who has recently been admitted to a substance abuse program in Chicago, Illinois. He has been arrested several times for possession of a controlled substance but has not served any time in jail. He grew up in a single-parent household with his mother, Tina. Tina, 45, is employed as a high school teacher; his biological father is not involved in his life. Tina’s boyfriend, Michael, often attempts to serve as a father figure to Jackson. Jackson went to college immediately after high school, focused on a degree in chemistry. In high school, he was a good student who earned A’s and B’s in most courses. After a car accident, a slight head injury...

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...A Case Study by any Other Name Cathy Foster Liberty University   A Case Study by any other Name Researchers have different methods of observing their subjects. Among the most popular is the case study. Case studies are used a lot in psychology and one of the most famous psychologists that used case studies to detail the private lives of his patients was Sigmund Freud. What is a Case Study? “A case study is an observational method that provides a description of an individual” (Cozby & Bates, 2012). During a case study the individual is usually a person however that’s not always the situation. The case study can also be a setting, which can include a school, business, or neighborhood. A naturalistic observational study can sometimes be called a case study and these two studies can overlap (Cozby & Bates, 2012). Researchers report information from the individual or other situation, which is from a “real-life context and is in a truthful and unbiased manner” (Amerson, 2011). What are some Reasons for Using a Case Study Approach? There are different types of case studies. One reason to use a case study is when a researcher needs to explain the life of an individual. When an important historical figure’s life needs explaining this is called psychobiography (Cozby & Bates, 2012). The case study approach help answer the “how”, “what”, and “why” questions (Crowe, 2011). What are Some Advantages and Disadvantages to the Case Study Approach? Some advantages...

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...Case 1. STATE UNIVERSITY BOARD OF REGENTS: What Am I Living For? Question: Is there anything wrong with the actions of the three personalities in this case? Elaborate your answer. After reading the case study and analyzing it, from my opinion I think yes there is anything wrong with the actions of the three personalities- Mr.Bondoc, his wife and Dr. Agao. For elaboration I will explain them one by one. Mr.Bondoc acted as the champion of the student’s cause therefore it’s his responsibility to fight for the own good of the students, the one who will voice out their stands and if possible disagree to the proposals that may greatly affect them like increasing of their tuition fee.It’s great that he has the attitude of convincing others in personal way for them to agree of opposing the proposals of Dr. Agao because of this they can stop his proposals. He must maintain and assure that he is doing his job and must not allow others to control him in bad way or stop him to do his obligation but stated on the case study his wife wished him to maintain good relationship with Dr.Agao which unfortunately leads him to suddenly accept his proposals. It showed that he let others dictate him what to do and failed to do his job. About the wife of Mr.Bondoc, she was carried away by the good actions showed by Dr. Agao without knowing his real intentions of befriending her. Shecan be easily manipulated like what Dr. Agao wanted her to do through doing special treatments...

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...CASE STUDY COMPONENTS: Introduction: Identify case study topic and list assertions (3-6) that can be verified with evidence (field notes, interviews, etc.) 1. Assertions and Evidence: Discuss each assertion separately (minimum one paragraph for each assertion) and include supportive evidence. Underline assertion statements as presented. 2. Implications/Effects: Conclude with an interpretive discussion of implications/effects. Inferences and conclusions based on evidence presented can be drawn. SAMPLE CASE STUDY FOCUSING ON MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: Management Case Study Introduction Throughout the study, Shelley’s class was well managed. Explanations and evidence to support the following six assertions regarding Shelley’s management style are presented: 1. Shelley did not focus extensively on behavior management; 2. Shelley monitored student behavior throughout lessons; 3. Shelley promptly dealt with potential disruptive behavior; 4. Shelley reinforced acceptable behavior; 5. Shelley was very tolerant of student interaction and discussion; and, 6. Shelley devoted a great deal of time to task management. Assertions and Evidence Throughout the study, Shelley did not focus extensively on behavior management. On most days, the students in Shelley’s class were very well behaved and seemed to be familiar with Shelley’s rules regarding classroom behavior...

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...Case Study for “Carl Robins a new employee for ABC, Inc.” Rodrequez M. Dover University of Phoenix Class: Comm/215 Essential of College writing Author Note This paper is my first case study report. My thesis for this report is: It is important before hiring for any job that we check all the requirements for the new recruits, and that we have all the things require for their training.". In this case study we learn quickly that Carl Robing was new at ABC, Inc. as a recruiter and he had recruited 15 new trainees to work for Monica Carrolls. We also learn that he did not have a outline or a way to keep up with what he would need for the new hires to start on time. Carl did not do some of the most important steps to make sure that this hiring process went off without a hitch. He did not secure the room that they would us for training or make sure that all the orientation manuals were correct. Carl did not make sure that all there information was in the system nor did he set up there mandatory drug screen. Carl upon receiving his new job should have took the time to research what he would be doing in his new position and what was the companies’ policies for each thing that he would be doing. I feel if Mr. Robing had done that doing his training he would have been better able to execute the task of hiring new trainees. I know some of you may be thinking how you know that they have these policies glad you asked. I know because the drug test was mandatory...

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...Case Study: Trip Seven Screen Printing Carolina Barvo Vilaro, Professor Terrell Jones Purchasing Management TRA3132 Florida State College at Jacksonville ABSTRACT This paper has the purpose to analyze the case study of Trip Seven Screen Printing. Through this paper I will discusses viable solutions for the problem that arise with the current supplier of Trip Seven Screen Printing. INTRODUCTION Being in constantly communication with suppliers, meet with the payments and be transparent in what both parties need at the time of generating an order, it will allow supplier to deliver a quality product or service, and achieve the expectations of the customer. It is important to build a good relationships with suppliers. It is a characteristic that e companies should take in consideration to succeed in the market. This will allow them to get good results for their business, improve the quality of the inputs and achieve future agreements which are beneficial for the company. Proper coordination with vendors allows companies to produce a better final product or service, which will generate greater customer satisfaction and, therefore, higher sales for the business. The good relationship becomes more crucial in the case of companies that rely on a provider in specific. This can be related to the case study in which Trip Seven Screen Printing has as a unique supplier, American Apparel, even though their relation has been satisfactory for the past years, recently, issues...

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...Case Study: Considerations on group development Case Study: Considerations on group development In the current business world, several organizations have adopted the idea of creating a team to address an emergency situation, to improve something that is idling or to create a new thing from scratch, all in order to work in a more effective and efficient way. Every group faces challenges and victories, even if small ones. According to Robbins and Judge, “Teams are more flexible and responsive to changing events than traditional departments or other forms of permanent groupings. They can quickly assemble, deploy, refocus, and disband”. (Robbins 308) It is with this in mind that this paper will analyze the case study number 3, “ Building a Coalition”, and develop thoughts and considerations about the issues in the study, connecting them to the theory on building teams. Group Development The story begins with the creation of a new agency by the Woodson Foundation, a nonprofit social service agency, and the public school system in Washington D.C., with the participation of the National Coalition for Parental Involvement in Education (NCPIE), which is an organization of parents that is involved in the school through the Parent Teacher Association (PTA). They share a common interest in building this new agency in order to create an after school program to help students learn. The three separate groups opted to develop a cross-organizational development team, responsible for...

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...Case Study 1: Prelude To A Medical Error 1. Background Statement My case study is over chapters 4 and 7. The title is Prelude to a Medical Error. In this case study, Mrs. Bee is an elderly woman who was hospitalized after a bad fall. After her morning physical therapy, Mrs. Bee felt she could not breathe. Mrs. Bee had experienced terrible spasms in her left calf the previous evening and notified Nurse Karing. Nurse Karing proceeded to order a STAT venous Doppler X-ray to rule out thrombosis. She paged Dr. Cural to notify him that Mrs. Bee was having symptoms of thrombosis. Dr. Cural was upset that he was being bothered after a long day of work and shouted at the nurse, telling her he had evaluated Mrs. Bee that morning and to cancel the test. When Nurse Karing returned to the hospital the next day, Mrs. Bee’s symptoms were worse. She ordered the test. After complications, Dr. Krisis from the ER, came immediately to help stabilize Mrs. Bee. Unaware of Nurse Karing’s call to Dr. Cural, Dr. Krisis assumed the nursing staff was at fault for neglecting to notify Dr. Cural of Mrs. Bee’s status change the previous evening. Denying responsibility, Dr. Cural also blames the nursing staff for not contacting him. Not being informed of Mrs. Bee’s status change, her social worker, Mr. Friendly, arrives with the news that her insurance will cover physical therapy for one week at a rehabilitation facility and they will be there in one hour to pick her up. An angry Nurse Karing decides...

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...1. In the case of Retrotonics, Masters’ management style has several features ,such as disrespecting and improper decision-making. Firstly, Masters ignored his subordinates’ feeling which make them embarrassed. For example, the production manager, Lee, who suffered Masters’ criticism in front of other employees(Drew 1998, para 4). Although employees need the evaluation from the manager, they tend to accept the criticism privately. Another factor of Masters’ management style is making decisions in improper ways. According to Drew(1998, para 3), Master set difficult and stressful deadlines for the staff. This is the main reason why employees in engineering apartment are stressed. Therefore, those decisions that Masters made have negative effects on both staff and productivity. 2. There are three management styles are suit for Masters’ situation, in terms of delegating, democratic style and autocratic style. Firstly, delegating which is an important competence for managers. Delegating can avoid to interferes in management. In Masters’ case, Imakito and Lee are experienced and professional in their work. Hence, delegating assignments to them is a method to achieve the business goals effectively. Furthermore, democratic style which encourage employees to share their own opinions and advice is suit for manage the engineering department, because most staff in this department are experts in their work(Hickey et al 2005, pp.27-31). Having more discussions and communication with those...

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...Case Studies  Engineering Subject Centre Case Studies:  Four Mini Case Studies in  Entrepreneurship  February 2006 Authorship  These case studies were commissioned by the Engineering Subject Centre and were written  by: · Liz Read, Development Manager for Enterprise and Entrepreneurship (Students) at  Coventry University  Edited by Engineering Subject Centre staff.  Published by The Higher Education Academy ­ Engineering Subject Centre  ISBN 978­1­904804­43­7  © 2006 The Higher Education Academy ­ Engineering Subject Centre Contents  Foreword...................................................................................................5  1  Bowzo: a Case Study in Engineering Entrepreneurship ...............6  2  Daniel Platt Limited: A Case Study in Engineering  Entrepreneurship .....................................................................................9  3  Hidden Nation: A Case Study in Engineering Entrepreneurship11  4  The Narrow Car Company...............................................................14 Engineering Subject Centre  Four Mini Case Studies in Entrepreneurship  3  Foreword  The four case studies that follow each have a number of common features.  They each  illustrate the birth of an idea and show how that idea can be realised into a marketable  product.  Each case study deals with engineering design and development issues and each  highlights the importance of developing sound marketing strategies including market ...

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...Case Study 3 Randa Ring 01/25/2012 HRM/240 1. How did the problems at Deloitte & Touche occur in the first place? I feel that the problem began in the work environment. It looks as if there was limited opportunity for advancement. As well that the company was not able to handle issues that a raised from work and family. I think that it was a wonderful idea to have the company made up of women. I feel that it was a very positive thing because a lot of their issues where not geared towards men. 2. Did their changes fix the underlying problems? Explain. Yes I feel that the changes that they made did fix some of their underlying problems. With them keeping their women employees no matter what position that they were in at the time went up. For the first time the turnover rates for senior managers where lower for women than men. 3. What other advice would you give their managers? They really need to watch showing favoritism towards the women. They did to treat everyone as an equal. I also feel that they should make the changes geared towards the men and women’s issues that have to deal with family and work. 4. Elaborate on your responses to these questions by distinguishing between the role of human resources managers and line managers in implementing the changes described in this case study When it comes to Human resource managers, they will work with the managers in implementing changes. As well they will make a plan to show new and current...

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...Case Study Southwestern University Southwestern University (SWU), a large stage college in Stephenville, Texas, 20 miles southwest of the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex, enrolls close to 20,000 students. In a typical town-gown relationship, the school is a dominant force in the small city, with more students during fall and spring than permanent residents. A longtime football powerhouse, SWU is a member for the Big Eleven conference and is usually in the top 20 in college football rankings. To bolster its chances of reaching the elusive and long-desired number-one ranking, in 2001, SWU hired the legendary BoPitterno as its head coach. One of Pitterno’s demands on joining SWU had been a new stadium. With attendance increasing, SWU administrators began to face the issue head-on. After 6 months of study, much political arm wrestling, and some serious financial analysis, Dr. Joel Wisner, president of Southwestern University, had reached a decision to expand the capacity at its on-campus stadium. Adding thousands of seats, including dozens of luxury skyboxes, would not please everyone. The influential Pitterno had argued the need for a first-class stadium, one with built-in dormitory rooms for his players and a palatial office appropriate for the coach of a future NCAA champion team. But the decision was made, and everyone, including the coach, would learn to live with it. The job now was to get construction going immediately after the 2007 season...

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...Recovery of Trust: Case studies of organisational failures and trust repair BY GRAHAM DIETZ AND NICOLE GILLESPIE Published by the Institute of Business Ethics Occasional Paper 5 Authors Dr Graham Dietz is a Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management and Organisational Behaviour at Durham University, UK. His research focuses on trust repair after organisational failures, as well as trust-building across cultures. Together with his co-author on this report, his most recent co-edited book is Organizational Trust: A cultural perspective (Cambridge University Press). Dr Nicole Gillespie is a Senior Lecturer in Management at the University of Queensland, Australia. Her research focuses on building, repairing and measuring trust in organisations and across cultural and professional boundaries. In addition, Nicole researches in the areas of leadership, teams and employee engagement. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the contact persons in the featured organisations for their comments on an earlier draft of this Paper. The IBE is particularly grateful to Severn Trent and BAE Systems for their support of this project. All rights reserved. To reproduce or transmit this book in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, please obtain prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Recovery of Trust: Case studies of organisational failures...

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