...Categories of Computer Crimes CIS 170 – Information Technology in Criminal Justice Dr. Nicole L. Gray Marilyn T. Hawkins October 16, 2012 Computer Crimes are criminal activities, which involve the use of information technology to gain an illegal or an unsanctioned access to a computer system with volition of damaging, deleting or alter computer data. Computer crimes also include the activities such as electronic frauds, misuse of devices, identity theft and data as well as system intrusion. Computer crimes may not necessarily encompass damage to physical property. They rather encompass the control of confidential data and critical information. Computer crimes involve activities envelop activities of software theft, wherein the privacy of the users is bound. These criminal activities envelop the breach of human and information privacy, as well the theft and illegal alteration of system critical information. The different types of computer crimes have required the introduction and use of newer and more striking security measures. Hacking: The activity of breaking into a computer system to gain an unsanctioned access is known as hacking. The act of defeating the security capabilities of a computer system in order to obtain an illegal access to the information stored on the computer system is called hacking. The unsanctioned revelation of passwords with volition to gain an unsanctioned access to the private communication of an organization of a user is one of the...
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... | |Categories of Computer Crimes | |Tanga R. Payne | |Professor Nicole Gray | | | |Information Technology in Criminal Justice | | | |10/23/2012 | | | Cybercrime has been an ongoing problem in the United States for the past 30 years; however, the emergence of global digital terrorism has been a major concern. Computer crime has been documented as early as the 1960’s and 1970’s and it was not a real concern, for these crime were mediocre pranks...
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...Categories of Computer Crime Shanice A Gilliard Prof. Carl Brown CIS 170 January 27, 2014 There are four types of computer crimes. The purpose of this paper is to explain each type and provide an example. During the course of this paper, I will also decide which type of crime in my opinion represents the greatest overall threat and give ways the government along with law enforcement agencies can attempt to counteract these crimes. Types of Crimes The four types of computer crime are as follows: (1) the computer as a target, (2) the computer as an instrument of the crime, (3) the computer as incidental to crime, and (4) crimes associated with prevalence of computers. As technology changes every day, you can always expect many more new offenders, offenses, and victims to appear simply based on the quality of knowledge someone possesses and also by the quality of the technology they are able to access. The better the quality the more extensive the damage will be. Being able to distinguish between these different categories is another thing that may seem difficult. Examples of Crimes The first type of computer crime is using the computer as a target. This is defined as a basic denial towards the owner of the system or by altering the data on the network itself. Altering the data or denying access to the system or network can be harmful to as business because it can prevent them from offering products or services to clients or it can also prevent the client access to their...
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...CATEGORIES OF COMPUTER CRIME What is a computer crime? A computer crime is an illegal activity that is affected via a computer. A computer crime it is like a normal crime. The only thing difference from it is that in which the computer crime is carried out. A person can commit theft, trespassing, embezzlement and fraud. The rules to what is a felony act depend of what jurisdiction of the crime commit. The starter of the internet has increased the warning of these crimes. It been difficult for the laws to inspect computer crimes and capture computer criminals. The government officials have passed legislation that defines forms of computer crimes (Computer Crime Research Center, (2005). The Computer Crime Research Center teamed up with law enforcement to create methods to capture the offenders. Law enforcement has improved their tactic to catch the computer criminals. The typical investigation ways it was not working when it came to computer crimes. (Computer Crime Research Center, (2005). Law officials paid a lot into new ways to increase their opportunities to capture the criminals. The government has also stepped in and passed approximately 40 federal statues for computer related crimes. The legislations cover crimes from copyright infringement to child pornography. If you are a regular user at home or a big business person you are vulnerable to all computer crimes. Security packages are very important for your computer to be safe and your private information....
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...Categories of Computer Crime Nick George CIS 170 October 21, 2013 Categories of Computer Crime Cybercriminals commit identity theft by hacking into people’s personal financial accounts and stealing their funds. Some hackers use website databases to obtain social security numbers, birth dates, security questions and other information they need to fill out applications for credit cards or loans in another person’s name. About five years ago, Wachovia had an incident where someone had hacked into their database and took thousands of customers’ personal information. Immediately, the bank contacted their customers, closed each account and gave each customer temporary accounts, until they got the situation under control. Computer trespass is when a hacker gains an access to a person’s computer by convincing them to download a file. Walgreens has had many encounters with hackers, who would send each store a file and request that they open it for an upgrade from the IT department. Spam emails are another way hackers use to gain access to people computers. The emails can contain worms, Trojans, and viruses, which if a person opens up the email or download the file, the hacker can gain to the person’s file and any information they put on websites. Cyber bullying is a way a person can impersonate themselves, so they can harass or even commits fraud by using someone else’s identity. Cyber bullying is a serious issue, because we have so many social networks...
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...Digital Computer Crimes Brandy N Bledsoe Mark Stone CIS170 July 14, 2013 The computer is a doorway to a world of opportunity on the Internet that is not policed by any single law enforcement agency. The potential for financial gain along with the ease of commission has resulted in many crimes via the Internet that previously occurred via mail or over the telephone. These are the type of crimes that you do not expect as a normal everyday citizen; so many of these crimes are committed right underneath your nose. It is a wide variety of crimes that are classified under digital computer crimes. The following paragraphs will explain the four major categories of computer crimes, the most common forms of digital crime, how the computer as an instrument of a crime presents the biggest threat to the world and the roles and responses of the U.S. government. The first category of computer crimes is the computer as a target, this means that the criminal targets the network and or the device. These criminals possess the skill, technique and knowledge of computers; crimes found under this category are data alteration, network intruders, and denial-of-service as well as computer vandalism. In April of 2007, Russia launched cyber-attacks on Estonian parliament, banks, ministries and newspapers; these countries were in a disagreement over the placement of a bronze soldier statue. As a result of these attacks, the country was disabled and became crippled. The second category of computer...
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...Computer Crimes Andy Berg Professor Gregorio Chavarria CIS Information Technology and Crime 15 January 2012 Defining computer crime effectively is a daunting and difficult task. Nevertheless there are four general categories of criminal crime, including (1) the computer as an instrument of crime, (2) the computer as a target, (3) the computer as incidental to crime, and (4) crimes associated with the prevalence of computers. (Taylor, & Fritsch, 2011) The first category, the computer as an instrument of crime is basically using the computer to facilitate the crime. The criminal introduces a program to manipulate the computer's analytical processes, thereby facilitating the crime. The computer is used to connect to networks so the criminal can do such crimes as fraud, theft of service, theft, threats and even harassment. Another method involves converting legitimate computer processes for illegitimate purposes. Crimes in this category include fraudulent use of automated teller machine (ATM) cards and accounts; theft of money from accrual, conversion, or transfer accounts; credit card fraud; fraud from computer transactions (stock transfers, sales, or billings); and telecommunications fraud. Crimes in which the computer is the target include such offenses as theft of intellectual property, theft of marketing information (e.g., customer lists, pricing data, or marketing plans), or blackmail based on information gained from computerized files (e.g., medical information...
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...Computer Crimes Andy Berg Professor Gregorio Chavarria CIS Information Technology and Crime 15 January 2012 Defining computer crime effectively is a daunting and difficult task. Nevertheless there are four general categories of criminal crime, including (1) the computer as an instrument of crime, (2) the computer as a target, (3) the computer as incidental to crime, and (4) crimes associated with the prevalence of computers. (Taylor, & Fritsch, 2011) The first category, the computer as an instrument of crime is basically using the computer to facilitate the crime. The criminal introduces a program to manipulate the computer's analytical processes, thereby facilitating the crime. The computer is used to connect to networks so the criminal can do such crimes as fraud, theft of service, theft, threats and even harassment. Another method involves converting legitimate computer processes for illegitimate purposes. Crimes in this category include fraudulent use of automated teller machine (ATM) cards and accounts; theft of money from accrual, conversion, or transfer accounts; credit card fraud; fraud from computer transactions (stock transfers, sales, or billings); and telecommunications fraud. Crimes in which the computer is the target include such offenses as theft of intellectual property, theft of marketing information (e.g., customer lists, pricing data, or marketing plans), or blackmail based on information gained from computerized files (e.g., medical information...
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...“Categories of Computer Crime” Marcus S. Mathews Professor Fleming CIS 170 7/15/12 Introduction In this week’s assignment, the author will talk about the four categories of computer crimes. The author will give examples of each. The author will also point out which category of computer crime is currently the most prevalent and why he believes this to be so. And finally, the author will try to point out what he believes the criminal justice system can improve upon to better combat cyber crime. The first category of computer crime is the computer as a target. This type of cyber-crime requires a level of technical knowledge from its perpetrators. Cyber-crime is relatively new, however, has been in existence since the implementation of computers in mainstream society. This could be a general explanation as to why and how unprepared society and the world are towards fighting these types of crimes [ (Joseph, 2006) ]. There are numerous crimes of this nature being committed on a daily basis. Examples of cyber-crime where the computer itself is the target include things like data alteration, denial of network access, theft of information, denial of service, and vandalism. The next category that the author would like to point out is the computer as an instrument of a crime. What this means is that the computer is used to profit with some other criminal activity in mind. Some examples of this are general theft, theft of service, fraud, and threats and/or harassment [ (Taylor...
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...Running head: COMPUTER CRIME Categories of Computer Crime S.R Skolnick Strayer University In today's society computers are used to commit crimes. These crimes are separated into four categories. These categories are as follows, the computer as a target, the computer as an instrument of crime, the computer as incidental to a crime, and crimes associated with the prevalence of computers. In example of the computer as a target, is a case of Kevin Mitnick. Kevin Mitnick was once known as the world's most wanted social engineering computer hacker. From the 1970s up to his arrest in 1995, Mitnick was able to elude them bypass corporate security safeguards. Mitnick was able to get into some of the well-guarded systems in the corporate world. Some of the corporations Mitnick was able to access was companies like Sun Microsystems, Digital Equipment Corporation, Motorola, Netcom, and Nokia. He had also had a go with the wiretapping of the FBI, as well as hacking into the Department of Defense’s North American Aerospace Defense control, also known as NORAD. The definition of the computer as an instrument of crime is using the computer as the instrument of committing a crime. An example of instruments to a crime is a burglar breaking into your home with a crowbar, lock pick, and or a hammer. These tools are similar .to the cyber-criminal using computers and networks for committing crimes such as theft, theft of services, fraud, exploitation, and threats or harassment. As we all...
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...WHAT IS CYBER CRIME? Crime is a common word that we always heard in this globalization era. Crimes refer to any violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law. Crime and criminality have been associated with man since long time ago. There are different strategies practices by different countries to contend with crime. It is depending on their extent and nature. It can be concluded that a nation with high index of crime cases cannot grow or develop well. This is because crime is the direct opposite of development. It can contribute to negative impact in term of social and economic development. Cyber crime is a new type of crime that occurs in this Science and Technology years. There are a lot of definitions for cyber crime. According to Wikipidia.com cyber crime also known as computer crime that refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network. Cyber crime is defined as crimes committed on the internet using the computer as either a tool or a targeted victim. Besides that cyber crime can be defined as crimes committed on the internet using the computer as either a tool or a targeted victim (Joseph A E, 2006). Computer can be considers as a tool in cyber crime when the individual is the main target of cyber crime. But computer can be considers as target when the crime is directed to the computer. In addition, cyber crime also includes traditional crimes that been conducted with the access of Internet. For example hate crimes, telemarketing Internet fraud...
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...Digital Computer Crime There are multiple different scenarios in which computers can play a part in crime. Technology has made significant leaps and bounds in the last three-quarters of a century, which is truly astonishing (Taylor, Fritsch, & Liederbach, 2015). While it is wonderful for thousands of citizens across the world to be able to communicate instantly back and forth, there is a percentage of people that use computers, the Internet, and electronic communication to cause harm to others. It can be frustrating to understand exactly how to keep yourself safe in this world that is largely ran by computers, therefore, the following paragraphs will go in depth on what digital computer crime is and how you can be protected. To begin, there are four major categories of digital computer crime. The first category is classified as the computer as a target (Taylor, et al., 2015). This means when the computer itself is a target, the attacker is trying to deny the legitimate user of the system access to his or her data or computer (Taylor, et al., 2015). The intruder targets the server and can cause harm to the network owners or the operation of their company (Taylor, et al., 2015). An example in this category would be the alteration of data. The enemy could attack the useful information that is stored or processed by the computer, which could alter decisions made by the company or could directly impact the user by changing their records (Taylor, et al., 2015). ...
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...Digital Computer Crime Matthew Moeller Dr. Neal Basta CIS170 April 21, 2015 Computer crimes are criminal activities that involve using a computer and a network to gain unauthorized access with the intent of deleting, altering, or damaging computer data. Due to them being extremely versatile, establishing criminal and noncriminal behavior when in use can be very difficult at times. The four most common categories of computer crimes are computer as a target, instrument of a crime, incidental to a crime, and prevalence. Computers can be the target of a criminal activity, a storage place for data about a criminal activity or the actual tool used to commit a crime. One of the most publicized crimes targeting computers involves unleashing a virus through email. A virus is a computer program that disrupts or destroys existing computer systems. A virus spreads rapidly around the world destroying computer files and costing companies and individuals millions in downtime or when the computers networks are shutdown. Most viruses are released by hackers as pranks. A hacker is someone who gains unauthorized access to a specific system. Sometimes hackers may target law enforcement or military computers and read or copy sensitive information. Some are concerned that terrorists will unleash viruses to cripple computer systems that control vital transportation networks. By using the computer as the instrument of a crime means that some other criminal objective is gained. Just like in the...
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...Assignment 1: Digital Computer Crime Information Technology in Criminal Justice Lashavia Davis Strayer University Professor Marina Stakic February 4, 2015 Computer crimes refer to any crime that involves a computer and a network, where unauthorized use of the computers where it may or may not have played an instrumental part in committing the crime. Computer crimes have a broad range of potentially illegal activities. It may be divided into one of two types of categories, “crimes that target computer networks or devices directly, and crimes facilitated by computer networks or devices, the primary target of which is independent of the computer network or device.’” Which we have four major categories that fit inside one of two types of categories; the computer as a target, the computer as Instrument of the crime, the computer as incidental to crime and crimes associated with the prevalence of computer. This computer crime used the computer as the target by accesses the operating program as the system’s manager, then deny the legitimate user or owner of the system access to his or her date or computer. When committing this crime we have four sub categories that the hacker may fall under, a network intruder who target the server and may cause harm to the network owners or the operation of their business, date alteration that directly targets the computer by attacking the useful information stored or processed by computer, malicious network intruders...
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...Ryan LeBlanc Forensics Chapter 1 Review 1/6/2015 Practical Exercise: Child pornography is a crime how has not been mentioned in this chapter. This crime falls under the second category because the computer is being used as a tool to commit a crime. They use the computers to sell illegal content over the internet. Critical Thinking: Sex trafficking is a major issue. Review Questions: 1. Cybercrime is the use of computers and other like technologies to commit crimes. 2. Cybercrime: All digital crimes. Traditional Crime: All non-digital crimes. 3. a. Fraud – this can now be accomplished from your computer by hacking emails and other people’s computers and getting innocent peoples personal information to steal and identity or money. b. Terrorism – Now with the advancement of computer hacking, hackers are able to access restricted networks and gain a wealth of top secret information from various governments around the world. c. Illegal Gambling – This went from playing in the back room at a Chinese Laundromat to being able to gamble illegally right from your home computer or cell phone. 4. d. Category one: Computer used as target of the crime. This includes: Hacking, botnetting, DoS/DDoS, or virsuses/Trojans/worms. e. Category two: Computer used as the tool to commit crime. This includes: Copyright infringement, phishing, cyberbullying of any kind, illegal gambling. 5. Hacking a website and holding it hostage from...
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