...Center Herzliya Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy Argov Fellows Program in Leadership and Diplomacy Cultural Diplomacy: An Important but Neglected Tool in Promoting Israel’s Public Image Ronit Appel, Assaf Irony, Steven Schmerz, Ayela Ziv May 2008 Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Research Methodology Introduction……………………………………………………………………..3 Research Questions………………………………………………………..……4 Methodology………………………………………………………………..…..5 2. A Definition of Cultural Diplomacy and its Benefits Cultural Diplomacy: A Definition……………………………………….…….7 Benefits of Cultural Diplomacy – In General and Specifically for Israel……………………………………..8 Can the Benefits of Cultural Diplomacy be Measured?.................................................................................17 Examples of the Positive Effects of Cultural Diplomacy Programs…………………………………………18 French-German Relations: A Case Study of Successful Cultural Diplomacy………………………………21 3. Appreciation for Cultural Diplomacy in the United States and Europe The United States of America…………………………………………..……..25 Europe……………………………………………………………………..…..28 4. Cultural Development in Israel Israeli Culture……………………………………………………………….…31 Organizations in Israel Promoting Culture……………………………....……34 Governmental Support of the Promotion of Culture………………………….35 5. The Israeli Government’s Attitude Toward Cultural Diplomacy Does the Israeli Government Value Cultural 1 Diplomacy?.........................................
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...| | |Charters and legal reforms, circa 1773 | |An examination of the systems established by the Tea Act in America, Regulating Act in India and Maria | |Theresa’s policies in Austria. | | | FOREWORD: Lord Fredrick North, the second Earl of Guilford was the Prime Minister of England from 1770 to 1782. He was the Prime Minister during the passing of the Regulatory Act, 1773 in India and most of the American Revolution. During the 1745- 1780, Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina (Maria Thereresa) ruled the Austrian throne. In India, Lord North passed the Regulatory Act, 1773 which decreased the power of the East India Company, the Tea Act of 1773 in America to give the East India Company trade monopoly over tea trade while Maria Theresa made various reforms in the administrative and legal system. There were various legal and administration systems present in and around the year 1773 and some of these are examined here: namely the Tea Act, 1773 (America), the Regulating Act, 1773 (India) and Maria Theresa’s legal and administrative reforms (from 1745 to 1780). ...
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...For the past 10 years, Turkey has grown its real GDP at about 6% annually. This came after a huge debt crisis in 2001-02, wherein Turkey had to borrow $16 billion more from the IMF and comport with its difficult conditionality. Today, Turkey is a middle-income country in search of an effective development strategy. It tends to run high inflation with a devalued currency, despite massive capital inflows and a huge current account deficit. At home, the government has carefully managed between Islamicization, democracy and secularism. And abroad, it deals with a difficult neighborhood – Syria, Iran, Iraq, Israel (not to mention Russia, Europe and the USA). Prime Minister Erdogan is trying to rewrite the Constitution before 2014, when the next election occurs. 1. What have been the strengths and weaknesses of Turkey’s growth model? 2. What is causing the current account deficit? What can Turkey do about it? 3. What do you make of Islamicization in Turkey? Has it gone too far? Will it? 4. What do you make of the government’s foreign policy – “zero problems with its neighbors”? Country Background: • Land Mass; 97% in Asia 3% in Europe • 8400 Km Coast Line. (Mediterranean & Black Sea) Rivers: Tigris & Euphrates • Population 75 mm growing at 1.2% annually. 99% Moslem of which 30% Kurdish roots • 26% of population under 15 Years. • Economic activity dominated by Services 64%, then Industry 27 % then Agriculture 9% • Informal economy (unregistered) is a substantial...
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...MUSEUMS: THEIR ROLES AND IMPORTANCE In this section of our presentation we will discuss the roles and importance of museums in relation to art and the society in general. Museums were an early form of public education intended to enlighten the general population. The creation of the Public Museum was an expression of the 18th century enlightenment which generated enthusiasm for equality of opportunity in learning. According to the declaration made in the Copenhagen 10th General Assembly of the International Council of Museums held in 1974, a museum is defined as “a non - profit making permanent institution, in the service of the society and its development and open to the public, which acquires, conserves, communicates and exhibits, researches for the purpose of study, education and enjoyment, material evidence of men and his environment". Generally speaking, museums collect objects of significance that comply with their mission statement for conservation and display. Many assert that the primary function of art museums ought to be research and scholarship, staunch in their pursuit of objectivity, while others insist that it is about pluralism, the fortification of diversity in a pleased and intrigued public. Art Museums, not only because of the scientific and humanistic disciplines practiced in them, such as conservation, art history, archaeology etc., are seen as preservers of the community’s official cultural memory. Consequently, it can be argued that museums should be placed...
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...To what extent was the Iraq-Kuwait Gulf War Conflict provoked by internal forces? International History Ben Aston 24.04.03 Iraqi forces invaded and annexed Kuwait on 2 August 1990. Within twenty four hours Kuwaiti military resistance had effectively ceased, and the government and emir of Kuwait had fled to Saudi Arabia. A puppet administration was installed and Kuwait was declared to be a province of Iraq. The Persian Gulf War, more commonly referred to as the Gulf War, which began in 1990 and continued through to 1991was driven by a myriad of internal factors. But to what extent were external factors instrumental in the provocation of war? Can some blame be attributed to external forces or would the conflict have occurred despite their involvement and influence? In this essay, the Iraq-Kuwait Gulf War will be understood to mean the conflict which began with Iraqi incursions into Kuwait in 1990 and the subsequent events and conflict which continued during early 1991 until 28 February when a ceasefire was declared. Many Gulf War theorists believe the Gulf War was internally provoked and believe a large portion of the blame can be held to Saddam. Lawrence Freedman suggests “real responsibility [for the Iraq-Kuwait conflict] lies with Saddam Hussein, for the origins of the crisis are to be found in his chronic political insecurity and the lengths to which this drove him.”[1] Although there were many factors which led to Saddam’s...
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...PERSONALITY FACTOR IN THE CONDUCT OF NIGERIA’S DIPLOMACY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE OLUSEGUN OBASANJO AND MUSA YAR’ADUA ADMINISTRATIONS, 1999-2000 Proposal submitted by Oluwatoyin Alabi to DR. David Aworawo, of the Post Graduate School, University of Lagos. In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of the Degree: Masters of International Relations and Strategic Studies. (MISS) AUGUST 2012 PROPOSAL This work, adopting a multidisciplinary approach, seeks to analyse aspects of Nigeria’s diplomacy, specifically the effect of the leader’s personality on the conduct of Nigeria’s external relations. To effectively do this, the work shall comparatively assess Nigeria’s diplomacy under Presidents Obasanjo and Yar'Adua from 1999-2010. Seeking to see the effect their personality type had on the manner, trends and approach to Nigeria’s diplomacy during the period. On record President Obasanjo undertook a shuttle diplomatic effort across the globe especially between 1999 and 2002, this is said to have reintegrated Nigeria into the comity of Nations, where she was previously a pariah. How did his personality affect these efforts? Was his personality added value or reduced value? At the point of his death President Yar’Adua was ECOWAS chairman, previously in 2009 he attended the G20 meeting in Germany, visited President George Bush at the start of his term and other diplomatic engagements. How did his personality affect all these? On the whole how did the respective...
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...Creative analysis on the basis of question - can be dissenting opinion as long as based on facts - 4 to 5 questions, answer all - TIME MANAGEMENT, answer according to marks - topic-centric focus on exams - can argue from two different angles, but WRITE FROM THE POSITION/PERSPECTIVE REQUIRED - OPEN BOOK - bigger topics on diplomatic immunity, human rights situations, sanctions, mixed situations --> CREATIVE ANSWERS Modern Foreign Relations Law and Diplomacy SAMPLE EXAM Question 1 20 points Mr. and Mrs. Egleen Wasterdeen, the ambassador of Westland in Eastland and his wife, hire Happy Face, Inc. to cater their daughter’s wedding reception. Emily, their daughter, is getting married to the older son of ambassador Turgis Maturgis of Northland, Macklem. The costs are estimated at approximately CHF 150,000, and ambassador Wasterdeen signs the estimate, with the handwritten addendum: “If it is a little more, that’s fine.” Some 250 guests attend the reception at a lovely resort by a lake in Eastland’s lake district, 80% of them members of the diplomatic corps. Ambassador Wasterdeen uses the opportunity for a lot of talks with his colleagues, including preliminary negotiations on a trade agreement with Northland. After the event, Happy Face, Inc. presents ambassador Wasterdeed with a bill totaling CHF 189,000. The cover letter states that “consumption of alcoholic beverages has exceeded estimates, and several expensive pieces of china have been damaged.” Ambassador Wasterdeen calls Happy...
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...together an understanding of the genesis of Machiavelli’s ideology during an era in which, due to a shifting of focus in his father’s heretofore informative ricordanza,23 not much information can be gathered about him personally. Diaries, including the ricordanza, and records of interactions are also prominent primary sources within the novel, used to develop a concrete picture of society’s context. This is shown through the gruesome war accounts of Luca Landucci’s A Florentine Diary from 1450 to 1916 in the midst of Medici financial incompetence,24 and through the true positions of Machiavelli himself, as seen in his correspondence with the Signoria’s ambassador to Rome, Ricciardo Becchi, pointing out the inherent requirement of Savonarola to cater his perceived untruths about the papacy to the restless, meaning-desiring crowd.25 Oppenheimer only directly uses secondary sources within his text for statistics and context, but in conjunction with primary sources. An example is his account of the symbolic death of Lorenzo de’Medici in the face of Savonarola’s attacks; this is culled both from Savonarola’s own Selected Writings: religion and Politics, 1490-1498 and Lauro Martines’ Scourge and Fire: Savonarola and Renaissance Italy (2007), among other secondary sources, but it is unclear as to which part of the account came from which source(s).26 However, what is clear is that with Oppenheimer’s over-reliance on primary sources to make his case, there is little use of possible contemporary...
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...the ordinary experience,” certainly, it was a distinct pleasure, separate from the leisure the resort provided (2). Yet, there was an eerie ambience in seeing the apartment building without a single light, seemingly more alive than the downtown condominiums that never shut off. I felt adrift. I was sprung from my senses by the Tour Guide beckoning us to continue, others were ready to experience more. The sensation of gazing at Guevara’s image and the apartment buildings, at that moment, returned to thoughts of “‘home’ within a relatively short period of time” (3). The smile of the Tour Guide directed us, it projected a strong sense of duty as he enthusiastically fraternising with us. The Guide was distinctly fond of his work, as a host who caters to guests a variety of rich cultural splendor. In contrast, I could not share the dignity in which my work offered—his liaison with his culture was a laissez faire relation to my own. Touring implies a specific set of practices orientating the discourse narrating the tourist's subject position. Before one ‘tours’, they are taught the semantics and language of a “circumscribed world by surrogate parents [who] relieve the tourist of responsibility and protect him/her from harsh reality” (7). However, children also rebel against authority, fixated by potential objects that are not “certain approved objects” (7). I had viewed Cuba through a set of “particular signs that indicate[d]” to me that the Guevara rendering was indeed “extraordinary...
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...World War II Through the 1970’s Stephen Lundert Dr. Mel Albin HIS 105 Contemporary US History Strayer University 2 June 2013 This is the Baby Boom Generation. The period runs from the beginning of WWII thought the end of the 1960’s. The Vietnam War period was a very tumultuous period for the United States and a counterculture was created. This was also a period of great social unrest. The economic upturn that began at the end of WWII came to an end. The US participated in 3 wars; World War II, Korea, and Vietnam during this period. Women and minorities continued to make advances and even had some victories in the Civil Rights arena. There were several major tuning points that occurred during this time period but, I selected WWII and the Cold War because I believe they had the greatest impact. The first turning point to be discussed will be World War II. The war prompted a tremendous mobilization of America Resources, at a level not seen since the Civil War. The American Economy ramped up from that of the low-production Great Depression years to the most powerful economy in the world. The economy showed the most remarkable improvement, Wartime mobilization boosted production, increased demand for labor, and rescues the economy from the depression. World War II initiated the most significant federal management of the economy in American history. When the war began, President Roosevelt implemented the War Production Board (WPB) to steer the economy into...
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...THE RIGHTS AGAINST COMTEMPORARY SLAVERY (DOMESTIC WORKERS AND BONDED LABOUR) IN NIGERIA AND THE UNITED STATES. WRITTEN BY: 2121745 DATE: 26TH APRIL 2014 WORD COUNT: 2,770 WORDS As estimated by the International Labour organization (ILO), there are over 20.9 million people in this 21st century that are still enslaved. Another source states that there are 29.8 million people who are still held in modern day slavery. When the word “slavery” is mentioned, the idea that comes to mind is when people are taken from India, Africa and other third world countries, to the West Indies or America, for the purpose of them to work in sugar cane plantation. Although that kind of slavery was abolished in the 19th century, men, women and children are still slaves, thus, the birth of modern slavery. “Slavery is the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised”. Slavery is so much graver than forced labour, Slavery involves forced labour, but not every forced labour involves slavery. Despite being prohibited by so many International instruments, which includes the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 1956 UN Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery and the 1926 UN Slavery Convention, Contemporary slavery still takes place in various forms, affecting all gender, races and color. Modern slavery has been in many forms...
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...Company’s territories, the northern areas were renamed the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria, and the land in the Niger delta and along the lower reaches of the river was added to the Niger Coast Protectorate, which was renamed the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. 2) Jalingo Jalingo is a city in north-eastern Nigeria. It is the capital city of Taraba State and has an estimated population of 118,000. 3) London Olympic games Nigeria participated in the 2012 London Olympic Games without winning any medal – gold, silver or bronze. Nigeria’s performance at the Games represents the new depths of the country’s overall rating in virtually all spheres of human endeavor. Whether it is in sports, education, health, housing, technology, politics, diplomacy, we are currently occupying very lowly positions. 4) Patience in Germany: Sources reported that Patience had been receiving treatment in a German hospital for about four days. The news medium reports that Patience was airlifted to the hospital by an air ambulance last week under emergency medical conditions. 5) Symbolism of Coat of Arms Elements. The red eagle depicts Nigeria’s strength. The black shield signifies the fortuitous qualities of the land in agricultural, mineral and solid resources. The Y-shaped silver coloured wavy band in the middle of the black shield represents the two major rivers in the country, River Niger and River Benue. The two white horses signify dignity. 6) Abiola Moshood The election was held in...
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...Discussion on Strategies in Overcoming National or Industrial Marketing Barriers Table of Contents Introduction 3 1.1 Research context 3 1.2 Research aim & objectives 4 1.3 Research questions 4 1.4 Significance of the research 4 1.5 Structure of the dissertation 5 Literature review 6 2.1 Concept of marketing barrier 6 2.2 Concept and nature of green barriers 7 2.3 Influences of trade green barriers to international marketing 8 2.4 Reasons of encountering green marketing barriers 9 2.5 Strategies of overcoming national and industrial marketing & green barriers 10 Methodology 12 3.1 Justification of research method 12 3.2 Documentary analysis method 12 3.3 Case study analysis method 13 3.4 Ethical consideration in research methods 13 Conclusion 14 Introduction 1.1 Research context The sustainable development of social economy has become the world focus. With intensification of economic globalization and trade liberalization, the national and industrial barriers as the protection methods have been reduced. The major trade partners such as Europe, the US, Japan, Singapore have made stricter requirements and standards for market entry and imports. This has given rise to the product of marketing barriers or green barriers. In the meantime, the dependence on foreign trade and on the international market has strengthened the competition of different industries. Thus, the companies should construct the marketing strategies catering...
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...MALAYSIA – SINGAPORE RELATIONS: THE SECURITY DILEMMAS INTRODUCTION ‘It's impossible to be friendly with Singapore because of the neighbouring city states’ unfriendliness towards Malaysia. Singapore gets into that kind of mood that they reject anything that comes from Malaysia. We try to be as friendly as possible but it's impossible’.[1] Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad Former Malaysia Prime Minister “…we fear that at some time or other there could be a random act of madness like cutting off our water supplies, which they had publicly threatened whenever there were differences between us… we have to be prepared for all contingencies”.[2] Lee Kuan Yew Former Singapore Prime Minister Singapore became a part of Malaysia in 1963. On the part of Singapore, such was a welcomed move as Singapore lacks the depth, mass and resources deemed necessary for development and survival. On the part of Malaysia, however, it started-off as a half-hearted decision, with Tunku Abdul Rahman fearing that the Chinese population in Singapore would, after the merger, upset the Malay majority in Malaya. In May 1960, he told Malayan students in London that “(The) Chinese-educated and new immigrants will always be loyal to China and they are less Malay-minded,” and that the inclusion of the 1.3 million Chinese would confuse Malayans and ruin the calm atmosphere of the Federation[3]...
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...Taiwan’s bicycle industry A-Team battles Chinese competition with innovation and cooperation Jonathan Brookfield, Ren-Jye Liu and John Paul MacDuffie Jonathan Brookfield is an Associate Professor of Strategic Management and International Business at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University (jon.brookfield@ tufts.edu). Ren-Jye Liu is a Professor of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information at Tunghai University in Taiwan (liurj@ie.thu.edu.tw). John Paul MacDuffie is co-director of the International Motor Vehicle Program (IMVP) at MIT and an Associate Professor of Management at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania (macduffie@wharton. upenn.edu). The People’s Republic of China (China) has become a workshop to the world, and manufacturing there is increasingly moving beyond labor intensive, low value-added products. As a result, China poses a severe competitive challenge to companies in many industries around the world. For such companies, the recent successes of the bicycle industry in the Republic of China (Taiwan) may provide at least some reason for hope. Broadly speaking, Taiwan’s previous economic success has been built on the competitiveness of its small and medium sized enterprises, and competition among such companies has tended to be high. Such firms have shown a remarkable ability to recombine and form new networks in line with market changes. We call such networks ‘‘modular, symbiotic supplier networks’’ and, during the 1980s...
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