...to accept it (and since your composition grade hangs in the balance, the ARC’s advice is to accept it enthusiastically), is to write a cause-effect essay. You’ll need a thesis, of course, but before you can develop one, you’ll need to establish a few cause-effect parameters. 1. What effect or effects will you be analyzing in the essay? 2. What causal chain leads to the effect? 3. What primary cause (also known as the main cause, or necessary cause, or first cause) is the basis for the causal chain, and thus, the basis for the effect? (It’s imperative to establish a causal chain, but it’s not enough. There can be more than one chain; there can be more than one effect; but there should only be one primary cause.) 4. What relationship will you be trying to establish between cause and effect (your topic), and why (your thesis) ? Causes ü First, of course, there is the primary cause. This is the necessary cause without which the effect could not occur; it’s the first link in any causal chains that follows. ü Then there are the sufficient causes, which by themselves might produce the effect you’ve chosen to discuss in your paper, yet still find their root farther back along the chain in the primary cause. Example: Say that your topic is the causes for the effect of roommate feuds. • Contributing causes might be sloppiness, bad music, and staying up all night. • Trace that back a bit further in the chain and you may find a sufficient cause like the differences between...
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...organization that you are familiar with, and apply the causal loop diagram, including a reinforcing and balancing process. In a 1-2 page paper, briefly describe the purpose of the system, the components of the system, draw a casual loop diagram, and in plain language describe the diagram. Causal Loop Diagrams have four basic parts: * Point of Intersection (usually ellipses or circle) that contain values that can change * Lines with an arrow showing influence direction * A reversal indicator * Time delay indicator Format the paper using APA style (1-2 pages only, not including title and reference page; use in-text citations to support your comments): * Select an organization you are familiar with; * First paragraph: Discuss the purpose of the system, definitely connect your comments to systems thinking research—teach me about systems thinking…; * Second paragraph: Discuss the components of the system using appropriate terminology, again connect to research when appropriate using APA citations; * Next, draw the diagram (use drawing tools in Word) including the balancing and reinforcing sides, arrows including direction, and variables that affect the system; * Third paragraph: in plain English, describe the casual loop diagram’s purpose, components, etc. When an element of a system indirectly influences itself, the portion of the system involved is called a feedback loop or a causal loop. Causal loop diagram presents relationships that are difficult...
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...with conglomerates have been controversially discussed in scholarly journals ever since the seminal papers of Lang and Stulz (1994) and Berger and Ofek (1995) suggested that diversification reduces shareholder value. Both find that conglomerates are attributed with a lower market value than a portfolio of comparable focussed firms operating in the same businesses as the conglomerate. This finding seemed to suggest the hypothesis of a “diversification discount”. In line with this Scharfstein and Stein (2000) postulate "it has become almost axiomatic among researchers in finance and strategy that a policy of corporate diversification is typically value reducing.” Yet, subsequently financial scholars have challenged this dogma of a diversification discount. They did so with respect to the method used (Mansi and Reeb (2002); Glaser and Müller (2010)) and the causal interference (Graham et al. (2002); Campa and Kedia (2002); Villalonga (2004)). Taking these latest developments into account, the empirical evidence on the value effects of corporate diversification is mixed. The controversy that has evolved around these wealth effects provides a suitable setting to investigate the pitfalls associated with causal analysis and interference in empirical financial economics. The aim of this paper is to structure the discussion of the diversification discount with respect to causal interference and to lay out why the traditional methods upon which the hypothesis of a diversification...
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...Experimental Research to Analyze Cause and Effect Relationships Table of Content List of Abbreviations................................................ Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert. List of Figures and Tables .................................................................................................. i 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 2 Causality ....................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 Cause and Effect ................................................................................................. 2 Internal and External Validity ............................................................................ 3 Experimental design ........................................................................................... 5 Randomization.................................................................................................... 5 Classification of Experimental Designs ............................................................. 6 Time, Cost, Administration, and Ethical Regulation ......................................... 7 Case Study: The Effect of Payment Transparency on Consumption ................. 8 3 Experimental Research ................................................................................................. 5 4 Limitations.........
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...Reflective Self-Analysis My portfolio demonstrates my understanding of persuasive writing. My idea of persuasive writing is that a good essay will affect the reader in some way shape or form. I believe combining effective uses of logos, pathos, and egos along with structure are very important. My persuasive writing reflects the way I think about argumentation in general. I can see how easy it can be to write a paper arguing a point, but not doing it in the correct manner. For example, if a writer just argues his point without giving any strong evidence and offers no counter-argument the paper will not be effective in persuading the reader. While my writing demonstrates strengths in organization and thesis development, I will continue to work to improve proofreading skills and sentence structure. What’s helped my writing this semester is that I feel confident about work. My writing demonstrates my strength in organization. A lot of this strength originates from class activities and notes. The class that had the biggest effect on me was when we learned about rhetorical analysis structure on page one of my handwritten evidence. In my notes I specifically write down the structure along with extra notes under some categories so I fully understand how to attack the assignment. This led to me getting a perfect ten score under the argumentative structure part on the grading rubric on my rhetorical analysis essay, which is titled “Exposing Education.” Since that learning moment...
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...Export Behavior and Firm Productivity in German Manufacturing A firm-level analysis Jens Matthias Arnold* and Katrin Hussinger** Abstract This paper examines the causal relationship between productivity and exporting in German manufacturing. We find a causal link from high productivity to presence in foreign markets, as postulated by a recent literature on international trade with heterogeneous firms. We apply a matching technique in order to analyze whether the presence in international markets enables firms to achieve further productivity improvements, without finding significant evidence for this. We conclude that high-productivity firms self-select themselves into export markets, while exporting itself does not play a significant role for the productivity of German firms. Keywords: Exports; Export-led growth; Total Factor Productivity; Heterogeneous firms. JEL-Classification: F10, F13, F14, D21, L60 Addresses: *Bocconi University, Milan, Italy (Email: jens.arnold@uni-bocconi.it) ** Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), P.O.Box 10 34 43 68304 Mannheim, Germany. Email: hussinger@zew.de (corresponding author) 1 Introduction Why do some firms in an industry export, while others in the same industry persistently serve the domestic market only? What are the determinants behind these different patterns within sectors? How are these differences in export behavior related to productivity differences among firms? Do the best...
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...Research Paper Template for A4 Page Size J.Q. Author M.Tech. Student Centre for Computer Science & Technology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Punjab). Abstract— This document gives formatting instructions for authors preparing papers for publication in the proceedings of CAMA. The authors must follow the instructions given in the document for the papers to be published. You can use this document as both an instruction set and as a template into which you can type your own text. Keywords— Include at least 5 keywords or phrases I. Introduction This document is a template. An electronic copy can be downloaded from the conference website. For questions on paper guidelines, please contact the conference publications committee as indicated on the conference website. Information about final paper submission is available from the conference website. II. Page Layout An easy way to comply with the conference paper formatting requirements is to use this document as a template and simply type your text into it. A. Page Layout Your paper must use a page size corresponding to A4 which is 210mm (8.27") wide and 297mm (11.69") long. The margins must be set as follows: • Top = 19mm (0.75") • Bottom = 43mm (1.69") • Left = Right = 14.32mm (0.56") Your paper must be in two column format with a space of 4.22mm (0.17") between columns. III. Page Style All paragraphs must be indented. All paragraphs must be justified, i.e. both left-justified...
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...Literature Review To examine the dynamic linkages between the foreign exchange and stock markets for India, Samanta and Nath (2003) employed the Granger causality test on daily data during the period March 1993 to December 2002. The empirical findings of the study suggest that these two markets did not have any causal relationship. When the study extended its analysis to verily if liberalization in both the markets brought them together, it found no significant causal relationship between the exchange rate and stock price movements, except for the years l993, 2001 and 2002 during when a unidirectional causal influence from stock index return to return in forex market is detected and a very mild causal influence in the reverse direction is...
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...Relationship Between Exchange Rate and Stock Prices in India – An Empirical Analysis By Golaka C Nath* and G P Samanta** Abstract: The dynamic linkage between exchange rate and stock prices has been subjected to extensive research for over a decade and attracted considerable attention from researchers worldwide during the Asian crisis of 1997-98. The issue is also important from the viewpoint of recent large cross-boarder movement of funds. In India the issue is also gaining importance in the liberalization era. With this background, the present study examines the causal relationship between returns in stock market and forex market in India. Using daily data from March 1993 to December 2002, we found that causal link is generally absent though in recent years there has been strong causal influence from stock market return to forex market return. The results, however, are tentative and we need further in-depth research to identify the causes and consequences of the findings. January 2003 * Manager, NSEIL, Bandra-Complex, Bandra (East), Mumbai – 400 051 ** Assistant Adviser, RBI, DESACS, C-8, Bandra-Kurla Complex, Bandra (East), Mumbai – 400 051 The views expressed in the paper are those of the authours’ and not necessarily of the organizations they belong to. 1 Introduction The Asian crisis of 1997-98 has made a strong pitch for dynamic linkage between stock prices and exchange rates. During the crisis period, the world has noticed that the emerging markets collapsed due...
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...format Sample IEEE Paper for A4 Page Size First Author#1, Second Author*2, Third Author#3 #First-Third Department, First-Third University Address Including Country Name 1first.author@first-third.edu 3third.author@first-third.edu *Second Company Address Including Country Name 2second.author@second.com Abstract— This document gives formatting instructions for authors preparing papers for publication in the Proceedings of an IEEE conference. The authors must follow the instructions given in the document for the papers to be published. You can use this document as both an instruction set and as a template into which you can type your own text. Keywords— Include at least 5 keywords or phrases I. Introduction This document is a template. An electronic copy can be downloaded from the conference website. For questions on paper guidelines, please contact the conference publications committee as indicated on the conference website. Information about final paper submission is available from the conference website. II. Page Layout An easy way to comply with the conference paper formatting requirements is to use this document as a template and simply type your text into it. A. Page Layout Your paper must use a page size corresponding to A4 which is 210mm (8.27") wide and 297mm (11.69") long. The margins must be set as follows: • Top = 19mm (0.75") • Bottom = 43mm (1.69") • Left = Right = 14.32mm (0.56") Your paper must be in two column format...
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...Information Analysis Assignment 1 Executive Report on SODA/Cognitive Mapping Title: Executive Report Type: In-Semester - individual assignment Task Length: 6 A4 pages in 12 point font plus bibliography Weighting: 10% Due: 3.00pm Wednesday, March 28th , 2012 Description: Executive Report on SODA/Cognitive Mapping Methodology for Strategy Formulation and Organisational Problem Solving Imagine that you are an early career junior executive in a multinational corporation. You are well thought of by the CEO who regards you as an “ideas person”. The CEO has asked you to prepare a short briefing paper or executive report on the SODA/Cognitive Mapping methodology. The CEO hopes that you can clearly describe and explain the methodology in about 6 pages – the CEO does not have time to do the reading of books and journals himself and, further, does not have the time to read a report of more than 6 pages. For academic purposes please reference the Executive Report carefully, listing the references in alphabetical order of family names in a section called “References” [The References section does not count as part of the 6 pages]. In the Executive Report you are expected to cover, among other things, the following: • The assumptions and theory behind SODA/Cognitive Mapping • The nature of cognitive mapping, oval mapping and causal mapping and any differences between them • Advantages, disadvantages, problems and issues with cognitive mapping, causal mapping...
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...Causal and Effectual Thinking in the Consulting Industry Francisco Saavedra Technology Ventures CAUSAL AND EFFECTUAL THINKING IN THE CONSULTING INDUSTRY" 2 Abstract This paper proposes activities to include effectual thinking concepts into the formal consulting process. The paper presents the current project selling and definition process as a pure casual / predictive process, where the goal is usually given by the client / customer and means need to be defined by the project team. Later, several activities are proposed, with the objective of influence this process with effectual thinking concepts. CAUSAL AND EFFECTUAL THINKING IN THE CONSULTING INDUSTRY" 3 CONTEXT Currently, the question to solve for every enterprise is to develop or to drown. Those who don´t innovate and fail to watch and listen to the signs provided by the market and allies and competition alike face an uncertain future. Now, the question was: How can I reduce this uncertainty? To answer that question we will consider 2 different but not exclusive approaches: Causation and Effectuation. Causal reasoning begins with a pre- determined goal and a given set of means, and seeks to identify the optimal — fastest, cheapest, most efficient, etc. — alternative to achieve that goal This is the world of exhaustive business plans, microscopic ROI calculations, and portfolio diversification. Effectual reasoning, on the other hand, does not begin with a specific goal. Instead, it begins with a given set of means and...
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...Sample IEEE Paper for A4 Page Size First Author #1, Second Author *2, Third Author #3 # First-Third Department, First-Third University Address Including Country Name 1 first.author@first-third.edu 3 third.author@first-third.edu * Second Company Address Including Country Name 2 second.author@second.com Abstract—For your paper to be published in the conference proceedings, you must use this document as both an instruction set and as a template into which you can type your own text. If your paper does not conform to the required format, you will be asked to fix it. I. Introduction This document is a template. An electronic copy can be downloaded from the conference website. For questions on paper guidelines, please contact the conference publications committee as indicated on the conference website. Information about final paper submission is available from the conference website. Before submitting your final paper, check that the format conforms to this template. Specifically, check the appearance of the title and author block, the appearance of section headings, document margins, column width, column spacing and other features. A. This Sub-Section for LaTeX Users Only If the appearance is different from what is shown in this template, then the cause may be the use of conflicting style files in your LaTeX document. An example of an incompatible style file is latex8.sty. You must remove all such conflicting style files. II. Page Layout ...
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...Rationalist vs. Behavioralist Paradigm Problems 1. During the last five years, your instructor has discussed the emerging field of behavioral finance with many colleagues. The most common reaction has been for those colleagues to smile and say, "Behavioral finance? That's an oxymoron." Oxymoron is defined as a combination of contradictory or incongruous words (e.g. cruel kindness). Explain this reaction using a) the concept of paradigm and b) attributes of the behavioral and rational paradigms. a) According to the concept of a paradigm, someone in finance would operate on a set of principles that their work is based upon. It is the method by which they analyze their data. Under this philosophy the statement is considered an oxymoron because under the colleagues point of view they view those that study finance one that does not act on behavior. They assume that anything that involves finance automatically dictates numbers and thinking ogically in steps. It is not until there is a shift in the paradigm and that they see it from a finance position do they see the possibility of a behavioral implications. b) According to the rational paradigm, one that is interested in finance is well educated, has some predisposition towards the acclimation of wealth and is focused on the market. By the definition this means that they are rational and not behavioral. 2. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions triggered diverse reactions. Most “hard” scientists shrugged...
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...he helps John is overseeing the production of crabmeat. The company also hires and office worker, Debbie Jones. Her parents have been friends with Smiths for more than ten years. She began working for the company 6 months before the theft and upon graduation from high school, she began working full time. As an office worker, Debbie is mainly responsible for billing customers by entering sales data into accounts receivable program and recording the receipt of cash and checks which she also enters in the same program. She shares a lot of responsibilities with Susan such as preparing bank deposit Whodunit? Causal Analysis for Counterexamples - Electrical ... www.ece.vt.edu/chaowang/.../Wang06Whodunit.p... Hubara kining panira A whodunit, for “who done it? ... The method is based on trial and error, by assessing ... The new causal analysis algorithm presented in this paper differs from...
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