...World Hunger and Malnutrition According to the United Nations World Food Programme, there are 925 million chronically hungry people in the world. That means one in seven people in the world do not get enough food to maintain a healthy body and lead active lifestyles, making hunger and malnutrition the number one risk to health world wide. Natural disasters, conflict, poverty, poor agricultural infrastructure and over-exploitation of the environment remain the key causes of hunger, and the recent economic slowdown in many countries have pushed more people into hunger (WFP). The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) states that more than 90% of the 925 million chronically hungry people in the world are in developing countries, there are 642 million in Asia and the Pacific, 265 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 53 million in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 42 million in the Near East and North Africa. People who are chronically malnourished lack the nutrients needed for proper health and development. There are several forms of malnutrition; protein-energy malnutrition is a potentially fatal body depletion disorder where a person’s consumption of protein and energy is insufficient to maintain the body’s nutritional needs. Marasmus is caused by an energy deficiency that stunts growth, waste muscle, fat and tissues making the body appear extremely thin. Kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency making the arms, legs and stomach swell. Other forms of malnutrition are less visible...
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...Malnutrition: a serious THREAT Introduction Malnutrition is one of world’s most serious problems. When I was preparing for the final presentation for the class, which was on impact of child on the globe, I was shocked and taken aback with the numbers that fell under this category. 32% of the global burden of diseases can be removed by eliminating malnutrition. It also contributes to 50% of child deaths under the age group of fivei. All these figures made me look into details of who is doing what to overcome this devastating epidemic and how it is affecting our economy. This paper will illustrate the impact of malnutrition on businesses and economies, and how it has altered my outlook towards life. Malnutrition is not only an urgent global health issue; it is also a hitch to productivity, economic growth and poverty reduction. We again end up asking the unchanged question, who is responsible? Definition UNICEFii defines malnutrition as a broad term commonly used as an alternative to undernutrition but technically it also refers to overnutrition. People are malnourished if their diet does not provide adequate calories and protein for growth and maintenance or they are unable to fully utilize the food they eat due to illness (undernutrition). They are also malnourished if they consume too many calories (overnutrition). Words like GDP and GNP which was covered in the class, provided me with a different perspective to the situation. I took time to review the effect of malnutrition...
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...Malnutrition is a condition resulting from the deficiency of nutrients and energy provided to the body in comparison to its needs to be able to function properly (Atinmo 41). One in five developing countries such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa are afflicted by malnutrition specifically targeting children and those who live in rural areas defined by poverty (Atinmo 40). This chronic hunger has many negative affects on the people who live daily with this condition. Malnutrition stunts physical growth, lags learning capacities, increases a persons risk of developing a disease, and causes individuals to become weak not allowing them to work contributing to their poverty (Atinmo 40). Many factors contribute to the severe hunger of these people including...
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...Alcoholism and Malnutrition International Nutrition: The World Food Crisis FSNU-201 April 21, 2013 Alcoholism and Malnutrition Malnutrition is a condition that is caused by an imbalance between what someone eats and the nutrients that they need to maintain good health and proper body function. (Mandal, n.d.) Not eating enough food to maintain proper body function, or eating an imbalanced diet that does not provide the nutrients needed to maintain a balanced level of health, will cause a person to become malnourished. (Mandal, n.d.) In order to stay healthy, individuals need to consume foods from a number of different food groups including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, dairy and a minimum of five daily portions of fruits and vegetables which contain many of the essential vitamins and minerals. (McGuire & Beerman, 2009, p. 331) Anyone can become malnourished if they do not consume the necessary amount of nutrients to fulfill their nutritional needs, or if they have an unhealthy diet such as those, who for example, misuse alcohol. Many studies show that people who misuse alcohol can eventually become malnourished due to the fact that alcohol contains just enough calories to curb hunger, but it does not contain the necessary nutrients that are required to stay healthy. As a result, alcoholics often suffer from a number of serious health conditions including damage to internal organs such as the liver, heart and the brain. (Casa Palmera Staff, 2010) Someone may ask...
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...Malnutrition among the Elderly Nursing 408 Malnutrition among the Elderly Introduction According to research published in the May issue of the Annals of Epidemiology, in a nation where people die from complications of too much food, some die from having too little (Lee & Berthelot, 2010). Although malnutrition is often thought of as a killer in the developing world, it's also a problem for the elderly in the United States. In this paper, I will discuss multiple concepts related to malnutrition among the elderly, and how this topic relates to epidemiology. First, I will define and describe malnutrition among the elderly. Second, I will explore the steps and methods of epidemiology related to my chosen topic of malnutrition among the elderly. Third, I will converse about the epidemiological triangle, and the type of epidemiology used for my chosen topic. Fourth, I will discuss how the characteristics of the elderly population influence vulnerability. Fifth, I will define how cultural considerations may impact health status, and any ethical or legal considerations. Last, I will explain the relationship of the malnutrition to various levels of prevention. Researchers from Louisiana State University examined data from 3,141 counties and older adult malnutrition mortality using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data. According to CDC data, between 2,000 and 3,000 older adults die from malnutrition each year (Lee & Berthelot, 2010). Trevor Rowe once said, “Unless...
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...Malnutrition in Bangladesh 1. Introduction: Malnutrition is globally the most important risk factor for illness and death, contributing to more than half of deaths in children worldwide. It is one of the most important underlying causes of child mortality in developing countries, particularly during the first 5 years of life; the major causes for this are poverty, world conflicts, lack of education, natural disasters and poor access to health care. Nearly one-third of children in the developing world are malnourished. The effects of changing environmental conditions in increasing malnutrition are multifactorial. Poor environmental conditions may increase insect and protozoal infections and also contribute to environmental deficiencies in micronutrients. Overpopulation, more commonly seen in developing countries, can reduce food production, leading to inadequate food intake or intake of foods of poor nutritional quality. Conversely, the effects of malnutrition on individuals can create and maintain poverty, which can further hamper economic and social development. Bangladesh being the eighth most populous country in the world, and one of the poorest a significant progress has been made in recent years in reducing the incidence of poverty and malnutrition, the fact remains that roughly half of its 15.5 million citizens live in deprivation, while roughly half of all children under 6 years show some evidence of chronic malnutrition. Poverty and malnutrition in Bangladesh...
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...PBH 101 Assignment on malnutrition Submitted by: Saadat Islam ID # 1510987030 Submitted to: Yamin Tauseef Jahangir Malnutrition basically indicates lack of nutrition which is caused by not having enough to eat or not eating the right things. According to The World Health Organization (WHO) malnutrition is the contributor of child mortality rate by 40% all over the globe, and it has been found that malnourished children tend to grow up having less worse health and lower educational achievements in life, and even end up having smaller babies comparatively. People who are likely to be at highest risk of malnutrition are: elderly people, people who have low income and the ones who have an eating disorder. Some of the symptoms of malnutrition include loss of fat, depression, highly susceptible to feeling cold, taking longer to recover from injuries and infections and sometimes in serious cases the skin may become thin, dry, inelastic, pale and cold. The children who suffer from malnutrition may experience slow behavioral development and even mental retardation may occur in extreme cases. Poor diet may lead to a vitamin or mineral deficiency, among other essential substances. There are many causes of malnutrition, however, the ones in developed countries are a lot different than the ones in poorer nations. The causes in developed countries include:1) poor diet ( where the person does not eat the right kind of food thus not getting enough nutrition) 2) Mental health problem...
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...MALNUTRITION What is the problem? Malnutrition : a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are not enough or are too much such that it causes health problems and may sometimes lead to death. It is often used specifically to refer to undernutrition where there is not enough calories, protein or micronutrients; however, it also includes overnutrition. Approximately half of the people on Earth, about 3.5 billion people, are victims of malnutrition and it is considered the largest single contributor to disease in the world, according to the UN's Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN). Malnutrition is a global problem that affects not only developing countries but developed ones as well. In the United States alone, the annual cost for illnesses linked to hunger, malnutrition and food insecurity is $130.5 billion with only $17.8 billion of charitable contributions devoted to addressing these issues. Often thought of as undernourishment in the sense of not getting enough food, malnutrition is the lack of proper nutrients in a person’s diet that contributes to health problems. This means that individuals can be getting enough to eat but are not consuming the daily requirements of calories, protein or micronutrients. ● The global food system is broken. In total around 3.5 billion people — half the people on the planet today — are malnourished ● 2.3 million children die every year due to malnutrition ● Largest single contributor to disease in the world, according...
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...Identify 3 causes of malnutrition in your community The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the largest countries in Africa, with a population of 65 million people and the second largest land mass on the continent. Suffering decades of conflict, regional war, and political neglect, the scale of humanitarian needs in the D.R. Congo becomes clear when you understand that nearly 30% of all children under five suffer from undernutrition. a) The first cause of malnutrition in DRC is that family may not have enough money to buy food that is poverty. b) The second cause of malnutrition is that family do not know which foods are nutritious. c) The third reason is that of war where families are they may be forced to flee their home and so can’t farm their fields, or they may be unable to reach a health centre due to an outbreak of violence. State the measures/features to draw the conclusion about each case Poverty The measures that can be taken to mitiagate malnutrition in DRC caused by poverty can be addressed as: a) Address the issue of extreme undernourishment, known as starvation, may have symptoms that include: a short height, thin body, very poor energy levels, and swollen legs and abdomen. b) Government provide food to address undernutrition where there is not enough calories, protein or micronutrients c) Encourage the lactating mothers on the need for breast feeding A lack of breast feeding may contribute, as may a number of infectious diseases such...
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...developed, industrialized countries, the following groups of people are at highest risk of malnutrition. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the number of people globally who were malnourished stood at 923 million in 2007, an increase of over 80 million since the 1990-92 base period. In 2006, more than 36 million people died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in micronutrients; accounted for 58% of the total mortality in the same year. Under nutrition contributes to almost 35% of the estimated 7.6 million deaths under-5 deaths; consequently affecting the future health and socioeconomic development and productive potential of the society. The malnourished are unable to live a normal life, are less likely to fulfill their potential as human beings and cannot contribute fully to the development of their own countries. Nutrition is the provision of adequate energy and nutrients (in terms of amount and mix and timelines) to the cells for them to perform their physiological function of (growth, reproduction, defence, repair e.t.c). The World Health Organization defines malnutrition as "the cellular imbalance between supply of nutrients & energy and the body's demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions”. Malnutrition comprises both; Under nutrition and Over nutrition The World Health Organization (WHO) says that malnutrition is by far the largest contributor to child mortality globally, currently present in 45 percent...
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...Health issue: Malnutrition Lack of proper nutrition caused by not having enough to eat or not eating the right food. Why important? People from Nigeria go long periods with little to no food at all. Malnutrition is the cause of nearly one million deaths in children under the age of five. Why Difficult? Malnutrition is caused by the change in season from the rainy season to the dry season. During the rainy season malnutrition is lower than average because the people are bring in crops from harvest. During the dry season people, find it hard to have enough food for their families. What is being done? The government is responding by adopting a novel protocol for a treatment of malnutrition. There have also been programs set up through UNICEF, where you can donate money to help get more doctors and supplies to the people. My plan? My plan would be to find a nearby water source and create a system of pipes that carry water through the town so water is easily available. This way people can have gardens all year long and not have to worry about when it supposed to rain. Health issue 2: Malaria An intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite that invades the red blood cells. Mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical regions transmit the parasite. Why important? Malaria is also another main cause of deaths in the children under the age of five. It is also the main cause of death or problems in pregnant women. Why Difficult? Malaria is...
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...Introduction Malnutrition as defined is the lack of a sufficient quantity or quality of nutrients to maintain the body system at some definable level of functioning. It has been estimated that 37-80 percent of all pre-school children in the developing countries like Philippines suffer from protein calorie malnutrition as assessed by the manifestation of syndromes, nutritional indexes, and weight deviations (Bengoa, 1974). Mild to moderate malnutrition, also called chronic under nutrition, is much more common than severe forms, and is often difficult to recognize. The severe forms are either due to insufficient protein and calories (marasmus) or to an acute protein loss or deprivation (kwashiorkor). At present, when increasing investment in our educational programs is being made to improve the performance of the schoolchildren however, to some extent this are being wasted. Children are not reaching their full intellectual potential consequently, predispose to school failure. In public elementary schools particularly the Kalibo Elementary School I, where malnutrition is prevalent among schoolchildren, it is observed that children has low attention-span, lack interest and decreased ability to focus on tasks, and restlessness. These likely to interfere with their learning ability and in this way resulted to their poor school performance. However, this has yet be proven, whether malnutrition impair the learning ability and school performance of schoolchildren. It is for this reason...
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...Malnutrition in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States Malnutrition is a general term that includes many conditions, including under-nutrition, over nutrition and micronutrient deficiency diseases. Malnutrition is a serious threat to global public health it is the largest contributor to child mortality globally. According to the World Health Organization malnutrition is currently present in 45% percent of all cases of underweight births and inter-uterine growth restrictions and is estimated to be the cause of 1 million child deaths annually in the world. Studies have showed a correlation between childhood malnutrition and a decline in health. In addition, adults who have been previously malnourished as children experience lower educational achievement in adulthood and tend to give birth to smaller babies (World Health Organization, 2015). The causes of childhood malnutrition are complicated, diverse, interconnected and are often related to socioeconomic status in developing countries such as Brazil and Mexico when compared to the United States. The leading cause of malnutrition in children in developing countries like Mexico and Brazil is the lack of an adequate food supply (Fig. 1). A nutritious diet is necessary for children's growth, and without it children can experience higher rates of illness, chronic disease, anemia and other illnesses that often cause appetite sensation thus causing additional malnourishment. Under nutrition is calculated by comparing the weights...
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...Hunger Data The world hunger problem: Facts, figures and statistics • In the Asian, African and Latin American countries, well over 500 million people are living in what the World Bank has called "absolute poverty" • Every year 15 million children die of hunger • For the price of one missile, a school full of hungry children could eat lunch every day for 5 years • Throughout the 1990's more than 100 million children will die from illness and starvation. Those 100 million deaths could be prevented for the price of ten Stealth bombers, or what the world spends on its military in two days! • The World Health Organization estimates that one-third of the world is well-fed, one-third is under-fed one-third is starving- Since you've entered this site at least 200 people have died of starvation. Over 4 million will die this year. • One in twelve people worldwide is malnourished, including 160 million children under the age of 5. United Nations Food and Agriculture • The Indian subcontinent has nearly half the world's hungry people. Africa and the rest of Asia together have approximately 40%, and the remaining hungry people are found in Latin America and other parts of the world. Hunger in Global Economy • Nearly one in four people, 1.3 billion - a majority of humanity - live on less than $1 per day, while the world's 358 billionaires have assets exceeding the combined annual incomes of countries with 45 percent of the world's people. UNICEF ...
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...attention should be paid to national policies in this area and evidence of best practice. The patient that will be discussed within this assignment is a 70 year old male admitted to hospital following a stroke. Pressure ulcer risk assessments and nutritional risk assessments will be discussed within this assignment looking at how they are used in the assessment of an older people with multiple health problems. A stroke occurs when there has been a disturbance or cut off of blood flow within the brain, this disturbance damages or destroys brain cells preventing these cells from doing their job. Damage to the brain causes problems with bodily functions and can also affect mental processes (Stroke Association, 2010). A stroke can cause sudden weakness or paralysis which often only affects one side of the body and is one of the most common symptoms of a stroke. It can also cause swallowing difficulties (dysphagia), speech and language (dysphasia) can be affected also, patient may have difficulty in understanding and basic things such as reading and writing following stroke. Problems with eyesight, perception and interpretation, mental processes, bladder and bowels, mood swings, sensation and pain can all be experienced by an individual following a stroke (NHS Choices, 2008). Strokes are a major health problem within the United Kingdom (Mant et al, 2004). The National Audit Office (2005) states that approximately 110,000 people yearly suffer a stroke and over 900,000 people are living...
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