...Stances on Rape ------------------------------------------------- Causes, Activism and Prevention [Author] Abstract Understanding the many different studies and work done by feminists regarding rape and sexual violence. Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………….3 Anti-Rape Movement………………………………………………4 Feminist Perspective…………………………..…………………..7 Amelioration Vs. Backlash……………………………………...9 Conclusion………………………………………………………….…11 Bibliography……………………………………………….…………12 Introduction The definition of rape has been something of dispute for the last number of years. Rape usually is understood to involve some sort of sexual penetration of a person by force or without consent. Rape is committed more by males, usually on a female. In the last three decades, feminist have worked and studied rape with the collective agenda to work towards changing rape in a social and legal manor. Feminist thought and activism have challenges the myth that rape is rape, showing that it is a common experience among girls and women. Although feminists have different theories on why rape occurs, and how to eliminate it, they share the notion that rape is wrong and work towards learning and teaching about rape prevention. This paper will touch on the anti-rape movement, the feminist perspective, and different hypothesis in learning about the different feminist theories of rape. Anti-Rape Movement Feminists have been working for decades towards raising awareness and changing the perspective of rape and...
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...Kia Andrews February 25, 2012 CJ 3345-XTIB 12/T3 Mrs. Kappeler Rape and the Different Types According to Siegel (2012), Under traditional common-law definitions, rape involves nonconsensual sexual intercourse that a male performs against a female he is neither married to nor cohabitating with. Rape is a major problem that many of us Americans are facing today. (p.339) There are so many people today whose lives are changed forever because of being raped. We have to protect ourselves and loved ones from being one of those victims. There have been many ways to try and stop the victims from becoming victims, but it is still going on in today’s society. Some of the types of rape range from gang, serial, date, acquaintance, statutory, and marital. They differ in how, who, and when the victim is being raped. In this paper I am going to be explaining what is rape and the different types that are found in today’s criminal justice system. Rape started back in the Middle Ages where it was common from men to find women to take and rape them. According to Siegel (2012), During the Middle Ages, it was common for ambitious men to abduct and rape wealthy women in an effort to force them into marriage.(p.339) Rape is not only when a man rapes a women, but it can be a man over a man or women over man or another woman. As time passed from the Middle Ages, rape has affected many people in the world. There are many laws that are out now to protect...
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...their victim through physical violence and profane language. For these rapists, sex is a weapon to defile and degrade the victim, rape constitutes the ultimate expression of their anger. This rapist considers rape the ultimate offense they can commit against the victim.Anger rape is characterized by physical brutality, much more physical force is used during the assault than would be necessary if the intent were simply to overpower the victim and achieve penetration. This type of offender attacks their victim by grabbing, striking and knocking the victim to the ground, beating them, tearing their clothes, and raping them.The experience for the offender is one that is of conscious anger and rage.[1] Power rape For these rapists, rape becomes a way to compensate for their underlying feelings of inadequacy and feeds their issues of mastery, control, dominance, strength, intimidation, authority and capability. The intent of the power rapist is to assert their competency. The power rapist relies upon verbal threats, intimidation with a weapon, and only uses the amount of force necessary to subdue the victim. The power rapists tends to have fantasies about sexual conquests and rape. They may believe that even though the victim initially resists them, that once they overpower their victim, the victim will eventually enjoy the rape. The rapist needs to believe that the victim enjoyed what was done to them, and they may even ask the victim to meet them for a date later. Because this is only...
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...Victim Advocacy Anthony D. Rios AIU Online Abstract Date rape is a serious offense and should be not taken lightly. The National Crime Victimization Survey and the Uniform Crime Reporting provides statistics on this offense. There are also strengths and weaknesses in both tools, but they are both valuable tools. To understand date rape, it is important to know the definition, and how date rape is distinguished between stranger rape, statutory rape, and spousal rape. It’s also important to understand the drugs that are used for date rape and how they are used. The relationship between the offender and the victim can also provide a better understanding of date rape. Finally I will provide my position on this issue and how I could impact this social policy. Victim Advocacy * Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) reports crime statistics relating to rape and the strengths and weaknesses of each reporting. * Uniform Crime Reporting – This tool was established in 1929 by the International Association of Chiefs of Police so that the nation could have some reliable statistics to find where crimes where at the most. (Uniform Crime Reports) UCR is not only a tool that reports on rape, but it also reports on other crimes. The UCR is also used to provide statistics to all law enforcement agencies in the nation. (Doerner and Lab, pg 22) * Strengths with UCR– It provides a number of crimes of the whole nation...
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...Abstract This paper describes the definition of violence against women and how it affects society. It also discusses common forms of individual violence against women in the world such as sexual assault, intimate partner abuse (also known as domestic violence), murder, and other legal and cultural customs which physically harm women. This paper also describes societal violence against women, structural forms of discrimination or depravation that affect women as a class. Introduction This paper reviews individual and societal forms of violence against women that occur in the United States and throughout the world. Its purpose is to assist readers in recognizing and managing these phenomena and to encourage them to advocate locally and nationally for solutions to violence issues facing women worldwide. Violence against women is a technical term used to refer to violent acts which are primarily committed against women. Similar to a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group with the victim's gender as a primary motive. It includes physical, emotional, economic, financial, sexual, and spiritual abuse due to their gender. The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1993, defines violence against women as “any act of gender based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion...
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...CHAPTER 6 - SEXUAL VIOLENCE 1. Why did the author feel it necessary to include a separate chapter on sexual violence, when he didn't give additional attention to the topics of racial, ethnic, youth or environmental violence? 2 POINTS -That females are frequent victims of more violence, almost always at the hands of males. Females are becoming more violent at a younger age. Sexual violence is such a good example f of the relativity of predatory violence, so it deserves its own chapter. 2. What is the original (Latin) word for rape? -Rapere a. What was the original meaning? -to seize or obtain by force 3. Today, how can rape be applied to female perpetrators? -women raping women and women raping men 4. Regarding sexual harassment, men and women do not always agree on the definition. Explain. 2 POINTS -Females might see it as sexual harassment, but men might see it as clowning around, horseplay or harmless seduction. FYI- I teach Sex Crimes Investigation for our local police academy, as well as for Bossier Parish. The information contained in this chapter is generic to the United States and NOT specific to Louisiana. In fact, it is hard for me not to go into a full-blown lecture to bring you up to speed on Louisiana law. But, I'll refrain since that is not the purpose of this chapter. 5. List all 5 of the terms the text categorizes as rape. -sexual assault, sexual battery, criminal sexual conduct, forcible rape, and sexual harassment ...
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...Introduction As a result of our research on sexual violence, its prevalence, and its impact on our society were able to identify a service gap within our local communities. A core nonprofit agency, ContactLifeline, Inc. specifically targets people affected by sexual violence and crisis. We interviewed people in the community, local educators, students, and key staff from ContactLifeline Inc. to gather professional opinions and opinions of our fellow community members and educators to see how these service gaps may have affected them or may not have. We discovered that ContactLifeline is a nonprofit agency that provides specific services to sexual assault and rape survivors for the entire state of Delaware. ContactLifeline offers many options for survivors to receive multiple kinds of aftercare services, free of charge, but we noticed that their efforts in prevention were not being met on a full scale by our school system in an effective long term manner. We asked what is being done by our local schools to provide and promote education on this specific topic. What is being done to educate our youth on what healthy relationships and sexual behaviors are so that most importantly we see a decrease in victims and are not spending so much time and money on aftercare? This needs assessment addresses this service gap in depth and provides a possible policy change within our local school districts and potentially a state wide adaption of a sexual education program that includes a curriculum...
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...categories in which they can be categorized. Sexual assault is one of the most growing violent crimes in America. What is a Sex Crime? A sex crime is a broad term with actions that rang the viewing of child pornography, images unwittingly leads to violent sexual assault which all are called sex crimes. Some common sex crimes are salutation of a minor, internet child pornography, exposure, Lewd behavior, sexual assault, rape, date rape which is facilitated by a drug, solicitation of prostitution, and prostitution. There can be many side effects of a rape victim are: Depression Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Abuse of Alcohol Abuse of Drugs Suicide When a rape victim goes through the depression stage the victim suffers from lack of energy and will have difficulty maintaining concentration or the interest in their life. When post-traumatic stress disorder takes play it’s a type of anxiety disorder which occurs after you’ve seen or experienced a traumatic event. The abuse of alcohol which occurs excessively when the use of alcohol. When the abuse of drugs comes into play it is the habitual taking of addictive or illegal drug. Rape victims may become suicide which is the action of killing oneself intentionally. A date rape is when forcible sexual intercourse, acquaintance rape, committing a rape while being on a date, using forceful penetration while being on a date, sexual assault, and being raped while on a date by a male acquaintance of a female . This begins...
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...Running Head: DATE OR ACQUAINTANCE RAPE Date or Acquaintance Rape Sharteshia Jackson May 8, 2011 AIU Online Abstract This paper is intended to discuss the topic of date or acquaintance rape. Statictics used by the USR and NCVS as well as the strengths and weaknesses are listed. This paper also discusses the different type of drugs used in date or acquaintance rape as well as how the victim is viewed in the eyes of others. Introduction There are different types of rapes: stranger rape, statutory rape and spousal rape are just to name a few. The UCR and the NCVS view rape differently. The UCR stands for Uniform Crime Report and NCVS stands for National Crime Victimization Survey. Drugs and alcohol can play a role in date or acquaintance rape. Drugs used in date rape cases are GHB, Rohypnol and Ketamine. No victim of rape should feel that they are to blame for being raped and changes to policy are needed to address different issues of rape such as date rape. UCR STATISTIC • The URC program is a tool that law enforcement agencies in different areas and regions could report and exchange important information about crime. • In 2009, the estimated volume of rape was 2.6 percent lower than the estimated 2008 rape volume. • The rate of forcible rape was 56.6 per 100,000 in 2009. UCR STRENTH AND WEAKNESS The strength of the UCR includes: • Provides standardized...
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...crimes against the person. The crime I have chosen to research is assault and sexual assault. English law provides for two offences of assault: common assault and battery. Assault is committed if one intentionally or recklessly causes another person to apprehend immediate and unlawful personal violence. Violence in this context means any unlawful touching, though there is some debate over whether the touching must also be hostile. Confusingly, the terms "assault" and "common assault" often encompass the separate offence of battery, even in statutory settings such as the Criminal Justice Act 1988. A common assault is an assault that lacks any of the aggravating features which Parliament has deemed serious enough to deserve a higher penalty. Section 39 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 provides that common assault, like battery, is triable only in the magistrates' court in England and Wales (unless it is linked to a more serious offence, which is triable in the Crown Court). Additionally, if a Defendant has been charged on an indictment with assault occasioning actual bodily harm or racially/religiously aggravated assault, then a jury in the Crown Court may acquit the Defendant of the more serious offence, but still convict of common assault if it finds common assault has been committed. Rape was an offence under the common law of England and was classified as a felony. The common law defined rape as "the carnal knowledge of a woman forcibly and against her will." The common...
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...utilize victimization data in any meaningful way. As law enforcement we must strive to gain understanding and the misunderstandings on the underlying causes of crime and the effects that these crimes have on victims. There have been several nongovernmental studies that have provided additional information in reference to rapes. Victimization surveys are one of the best tools to date in gathering data in reference to sexual assaults. These methodical techniques combined with sample size and enhanced detail collections are reasons that the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is the “most comprehensive and systematic survey of victims in the United States”. While considering utilizing victimization data we must be mindful that there are misunderstandings that can occur when utilizing crime stats and how to overcome these challenges. There are common misunderstandings concerning crime statistics that can impede our ability to view the NCVS and other victimizations surveys. One misunderstanding includes that researchers can assume there is an objective definition of the crime of sexual assault and that statistics can assess this problem with distorting the issue. The nature of the crime can be defined in numerous ways without an accepted, objective, definition. The survey design can in itself alter and...
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...Date Rape "Date rape", often referred to as acquaintance rape, is an assault or attempted assault usually committed by a new acquaintance involving sexual intercourse without mutual consent. The term date rape is widely used but can be misleading because the person who commits the crime might not be dating the victim. Rather, it could be an acquaintance or stranger. Drugs used by Attackers: Drug-facilitated date rape is the use of drugs to assist the attacker in a rape. The drug can be any substance that is physical or mind altering. Drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA), which is considered an umbrella term for crimes such as drug-facilitated date rape, differs from many rapes in that it is not typically a crime of physical violence but rather of sexual hedonism and entitlement. Though flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) is often cited as a date rape drug because of its high potency, strong effects and the ability to cause strong amnesia during its duration of action, investigations into its actual use as a date rape drug have contradicted popular belief. According to research conducted by Michael Robertson from the San Diego Medical Examiner's office and Dr. Mahmoud El Sohly of El Sohly Laboratories, test results indicated that flunitrazepam was only used in around 1% of reported date rapes according to Robertson and 0.33% according to urine lab tests done by El Sohly. In fact, the benzodiazepines midazolam and temazepam were the two most common benzodiazepines utilized for...
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...types of violence against women? Behaviors included in the broad category of violence against women include homicide, intimate partner abuse, psychological abuse, dating violence, same-sex violence, elder abuse, sexual assault, date rape, acquaintance rape, marital rape, stranger rape and economic abuse. The effects of this violence can negatively affect a woman’s reproductive health, as well as other aspects of her physical and mental well-being. Long-term risks include chronic pain, physical disability, drug and alcohol abuse and depression. Women with a history of physical or sexual abuse also have an increased risk for unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The vast majority of violence against females is perpetrated by males. Are some women more at risk for physical assault than others? Physical assault by someone known to the victim is a leading cause of injury to women. Nearly two million women are assaulted each year in the United States, and more than half of women will be physically assaulted during their lifetime. A large proportion of women (64 percent) reporting rape, physical assault and/or stalking, were victimized by a current or former partner. Even pregnant women are not immune from physical violence inflicted by partners. Violence directed toward women by their partners during pregnancy affects as many as 324,000 annually. Does risk for violence against women change with age? Violence against females...
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...Rape in the United States April Sexton Rasmussen College Rape in the United States A major social problem in the United States is rape and sexual assault. Studies show that one in six American women are victims of rape, and every two and a half minutes someone is raped in the United States. That is alarming! Studies also show that more than half, 59% to be exact, of all rapes go unreported (RAINN, 2007). What is rape and why is it so common in America? Why are so many victims of rape and sexual assault not reporting it to authorities? In this paper I plan to answer and address these questions, and many more in depth issues involving rape such as male and lesbian rape survivors, incest, post traumatic stress disorder, and rape trauma syndrome. Rape and Sexual Assault Rape is forced sexual intercourse, including vaginal, anal, or oral penetration. Penetration can be by an object or by a body part. Rape victims may be forced through physical means or threats. Anyone can be a victim of rape: women, men or children, straight or gay. A rapist uses violence or force, or the threat of it, to take control over someone. Rape is a crime across the United States, whether the person committing it is an intimate, a date, a stranger, an acquaintance, or a family member. Sexual assault is unwanted sexual contact that stops just short of rape or attempted rape, which includes fondling and sexual touching. Of the 200,780 victims in 2004-2005, about 64,080 were...
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...transgression + temptations) and Shey (mate guarding, relational infidelity) Interpersonal Violence: Rachel (battering) and Nicole (situational couple violence) Sexual Coercion: John (rape, sexual coercion) and Kim (unwanted sex) Conclusion: Rachel Topic: Relationship Threats (challenges that are most likely to negatively impact relationships and have serious effects) (Kim) Hi everyone. We will start off by introducing ourselves. Today we are going to talk about relationship threats, which are challenges that have negative impacts and serious effects on relationships. Specifically, we will talk about relational transgression, interpersonal violence, and sexual coercion.. It’s important to learn about this topic because all of us have experienced it at some point. We also have done research outside from the textbook. (YAN) According to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, one out of ten women has been raped by an intimate partner, and one out of ten men has experienced physical violence. This pie chart shows the distribution of threats, and according to the survey, we can see that 42% of all threats come from physical violence and rape. Moving on to our first main point, relational transgression. Relational transgression takes place when fundamental relationship rules are violated. In romantic relationships, relational transgressions can include flirting, wanting to date others, forgetting special occasions, or committing infidelity. Within friendships, transgressions...
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