...Forced marriage, family cohesion and community engagement: national learning through a case study of Luton Dr Nazia Khanum OBE March 2008 Forced marriage, family cohesion and community engagement: national learning through a case study of Luton Completed by: Dr Nazia Khanum OBE Director Equality in Diversity Commissioned by: MP Margaret Moran’s Office – Ushrat Sultana Metropolitan Police Service – Jim Blair Home Office – Deborah Jamieson Published by: Printed by: Equality in Diversity e-mail: nkhanum@aol.com Bartham Press (Watford) Ltd e-mail: koyes@barthampress.com Phone: 01582 459402 / 573471 Mobile: 07931 973967 © Nazia Khanum 2008 All rights reserved ISBN: 1-904070-02-7 March 2008 Acknowledgements As soon as I started conducting this piece of research in 2006, it became clear to me that I was dealing with one of the most sensitive subjects, the actual scale and complexity of which will probably never be known. The paucity of available data and the inconsistency of recording incidents across agencies were clear from the start. Since the lack of data was anticipated, this research project took a qualitative and not a quantitative approach, and so no attempt has been made to indulge in a number crunching exercise. Full advantage has been taken of the opportunity to delve into the interviewees’ personal views, perceptions and experiences. During the research, I came across all kinds of emotions and value judgments including mistrust, fear, denial,...
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...The Princess Bride is an epic romance novel written by William Goldman. The Princess Bride began with a man telling his grandson a story about the love between a beautiful girl, Buttercup, and her family’s farm boy, Westley. One day, Buttercup fell deeply in love with Westley; she expressed her love forhim but, he left to go to America to find fortune. After he left, Buttercup heard the news that he was killed by Dread Pirate Roberts. She vowed to never love again, but Prince Humperdinck of Florin demanded Buttercup’s hand in marriage, so he could become the king. After they declared their engagement, Buttercup was kidnapped by a band of criminals. She was rescued by a mysterious man in black, who was actually Westley. Westley and Buttercup...
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... Buttercup was in the middle of her delivery and then suddenly she hears it’s a boy. The doctor takes her baby away because he noticed something was wrong. When he comes back he says “I’m sorry but your child has something seriously wrong with him.” Buttercup was in shock. Then she remembers last month she was sick and she had a feeling that he had what she had last month. Buttercup knew what she had to do to save her baby. Buttercup grabbed Westly and told him what the doctor said and what she thought was wrong with him. Westly was also in shock when he heard and told him what the doctor said and what she thought was wrong with him. Westly was also in shock when he heard the news. She told Westly that she thinks he has the same thing she had a month ago. Westly looked at her and he says,” Oh no not…EBOLA!” “Yes I think so.” says Buttercup. To make sure that Buttercup was right or wrong, Westly and Buttercup hitched a ride to Magic Mikes on a wagon that was passing by. When they arrived to his house they knocked on the door. “Who is it” asked Magic Mike. “Its Westly and Buttercup” When Magic Mike opened the door he knew something had to be wrong because people usually don’t show up on his yard. “What’s the matter?” asked Magic Mike. “The doctor looked at my baby and said something was seriously wrong.” Replied Buttercup. “Well let me take a look at him” said Magic Mike. When Magi Mike was looking at the child he was making a weird...
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...Introduction Many literary critics consider Mary Shelley's Frankenstein as one of the most impressive and imaginative Gothic horror novels of all times. In the novel, Shelley managed to create one of the most phenomenal creatures in literary history: Frankenstein monster. The epistolary style that the author employs allows the reader to view the circumstances from varied viewpoints and draw conclusions from the plot and the characters. The book The plot has a variety of story-lines rolled into one. The main however is about a Doctor Victor Frankenstein who though born to a well-to-do and loving family, is over- ambitious and thirsts to prove himself. After achieving excelling academically, he designs a technique of creating life from a fusion of inanimate objects, dead bodies an animal parts. The doctor is not satisfied with achieving conventional feats but is determined to create a living being. It is this ambition that leads to the creation after years of painstaking work. It is this creation that leads to Victor's downfall. The creation is 8 feat tall and due to the use of human parts that do not march his massive size, is hideous. He is described as having watery yellow eyes, a withered, yellowish, translucent skin which barely conceals his muscular system and blood vessels. The only good aspects of his appearance are his perfect, white teeth, long black hair and his black lips. The doctor, who had hoped to create a beautiful being is shocked by his creation...
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...All hero’s follow a similar series of events or steps along their individual hero journey. Not all Hero’s follow all the same steps, or even in the same order. Westley’s Hero Journey in “The Princess Bride”, is a very good example of a Campbell’s Hero Journey outline (The Princess Bride) (“Hero’s Journey: Summary”). The Hero’s journey is divided into three sections; the departure, the initiation, and the return. The first section, the departure, starts off with the hero’s call to adventure. For Westley, his call to adventure was when he left the farm to travel on a ship and find his fortune. He wants to be a suitable husband for Buttercup. He wants be able to provide for her in the fashion that she is accustomed to and he thinks that she deserves to live in. Campbell’s second step is the refusal of the call to adventure. Westley wanting to marry Buttercup and provide everything her heart desires does not refuse his call to adventure. Once the hero has committed to his quest, his or her supernatural aid, guide, or magical helper in unveiled. Westley in a roundabout way completes this step by becoming the Dread Pirate Roberts. Becoming the Dread Pirate Roberts allowed him to create an alter ego raising him up from being a poor farm boy to a legendary feared Pirate and ultimately allowing him to amass a small fortune. Westley completes Campbell’s next step, the crossing of the first threshold, when he left the farm to set sail on the ship. Although this is out of order for Campbell’s...
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...perform chores for her. Westley's only answer is "As you wish". She eventually realizes that what he is really saying is, "I love you." After Buttercup realizes that she truly and strongly loves him as well and confesses her mutually strong romantic feelings, Westley leaves to seek his fortune so that they can marry. Buttercup later receives word that the Dread Pirate Roberts, who is notorious for killing all those whose vessels he boards, attacked his ship at sea. Believing Westley dead, Buttercup sinks into a period of abject despair, declaring "I will never love again". Some time later she reluctantly agrees to marry Prince Humperdinck, the heir to the throne of Florin, due to a law allowing the prince to choose any unmarried woman as his bride, though she makes it clear that she does not love him. Before the wedding, a trio of outlaws—the Sicilian criminal genius Vizzini, the Spanish fencing master Inigo Montoya, and the enormous and mighty Turkish wrestler Fezzik—kidnap Buttercup. A masked man in black follows them across the sea and up the Cliffs of Insanity, whereupon Vizzini orders Inigo to stop him. Before the man in black reaches the top of the cliff, there is a flashback of Inigo's past in which the novel reveals that he is seeking revenge on a six-fingered man who killed his father. When the man in black arrives, Inigo arranges a fair fight, allowing his opponent to rest before the duel. The man in black wins the duel, but out of respect he leaves the Spaniard alive. Stunned...
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...In the novel The Princess Bride there are many lessons that are to be learned as there are in many other fairy tales. The authors, such as William Goldman, put these lessons in the book so the readers can learn them and become better people. William Goldman’s novel The Princess Bride shows multiple life lessons that Nifty Lance covers in his writing about in 11 Content Lessons I Learned From The Princess Bride. There are five lessons from his eleven that I have found most applicable in life. A very powerful life lesson that appeared in Nifty Lance’s writing was just the fact about being yourself. In the whole book Fezzik tries to be himself at all times, especially after Vizzini is killed. Fezzik loves to rhyme and have fun while Vizzini...
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...Group in Nepal Takes Pride in Kidnapping Brides Analysis The content of this news article describe the forced marriage custom among an indigenous group in Nepal's western region which violate the human rights. In western Nepal, females do not have any choices in marrying. Kidnapping women as brides in that area is considered as a traditional way of marriage which does not respect women’s wishes or rights, while it is considered as a sign of honor to the males. From the article, refers to the Hofstede’s cultural dimension, Nepal is a country with high masculinity where males dominate a significant portion of the society and power structure. Females in Nepal have a low social position, with females being controlled by male domination. Females do not have their choice in choosing their husbands. After marrying, they have to stay with their husbands, regardless of their willingness. Nepal is also the country with high power distance. There is a strong hierarchy within people both in family and society. Based on the patriarchal family system, father in Nepal is regarded as the leader of the family. They have the power to dominate their family even the marriage of their daughters. People with different social status are also treated unequally in marriage. Depends on the family environment, people who are rich can marry the person they like, while males who are not rich can only get married by stealing girls. Marriage system is the other cross-cultural implication in this article...
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...against women, alongside rape, bride burning, eve teasing, and acid throwing. It is widespread in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal. Sri Lanka and some regions of Africa. Pakistan has the highest reported rates of dowry-related deaths per 100,000 women in the world. India[edit] Most dowry deaths occur when the young woman, unable to bear the harassment and torture, commits suicide. Most of these suicides are by hanging, poisoning or by fire. Sometimes the woman is killed by setting her on fire; this is known as "bride burning", and sometimes disguised as suicide or accident. Suicide and murder are two causes of fatalities in dowry deaths. Death by burning of Indian women have been more frequently attributed to dowry conflicts.[1] In dowry deaths, the groom’s family is perpetrator of murder or suicide.[2] According to Indian National Crime Record Bureau, in 2010, 8391 dowry death cases were reported across India[3] This means a bride was burned every 90 minutes, or dowry issues cause 1.4 deaths per year per 100,000 women in India.[4][5] For contextual reference, United Nations reports a worldwide average female homicide rate of 3.6 per 100,000 women, and an average of 1.6 homicides per 100,000 women for Northern Europe in 2012.[6] Although India's dowry death rate per 100,000 is lower than equivalent rate for Pakistan and Bangladesh, it is a significant social issue in India. According to Indian police, every year it receives over 2,500 reports of bride-burning [7] The Indian National...
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...namely colonialism and commercialization, have been at work in India for years, and they would prima facie be expected to suppress such primitive practices. However, even after more than forty years of its prohibition, the practice has spread and has increasingly ingrained itself in the institution of marriage. A dowry is the transfer of parental property to a daughter as her inheritance at her marriage (i.e. inter vivos) rather than at the owner's death (mortis causa). A dowry establishes a type of conjugal fund, the nature of which may vary widely.Dowry contrasts with the related concepts of bride price and dower. While bride price (or bride service) is a payment by the groom or his family to the bride's parents, dowry is the wealth transferred from the bride's family to the groom or his family, ostensibly for the bride. Similarly, dower[->0] is the property settled on the bride herself by the groom at the time of marriage and which remains under her ownership and control. The tensions between India's patriarchal traditions and modernism can be seen in the struggle against dowry violence.Marriage in India is steeped in traditions and deep-rooted cultural beliefs. Practices are passed down by word of mouth and in some cases, re-interpreted to align with the changing times. There is, however, one custom that stubbornly...
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...The Princess Bride 1.What is ironic about Fezzik's ability to fight? It is ironic that Fezzik is a great fighter, but he hates fighting. 2.What is Fezzik's greatest fear? Fezzik's greatest fear is being alone forever. 3.What do Fezzik and Inigo have in common? Both Fezzik and Inigo both fear of being alone and they are both talented fighters. They also, both got defeated by the man in black. 4.Why does the man in black not kill them? The man in black doesn’t kill Fezzik and Inigo, because they both are very talented. 5.How is Vizzini more dangerous that the other two? Both Fezzik and Inigo are dangerous physically, but Vizzini is smart, and being smart is more dangerous that being dangerous physically. 6.Explain the quote “Never get involved in a land war in Asia”. The quote “Never get involved in a land war in Asia”, means that Asia has a lot of land, and you would lose if you ever tried to fight there. 7.What is ironic about the man in black's test with the iocane powder? What type of irony is this? It is ironic that both cups had iocane powder in them. Vizzini tried to trick the man in black by switching their glasses, not knowing that both of the glasses had iocane powder in them. This is known as situational irony. 8.What is Vizzini's fatal flaw? Vizzini's fatal flaw, is that he is to cocky about his intelligence, which caused him his own death. 9.In the early part of the story Buttercup’s kidnappers are known only as the Spaniard,...
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...Montgomery, who faces a currently incurable disease called multiple sclerosis or MS that causes her legs to go numb. Despite this, she still runs for her school’s track and cross-country teams. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Gatsby chases after his love interest, Daisy, and lives under the illusion that she will leave her husband for him. The novel revolves around his life, concluding in his tragic death. Rob Reiner’s The Princess Bride plays on the idea of true love and its power. Princess...
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...In my opinion, I don't believe anyone can ever truly understand someone's culture without living through it. Engulfing themselves in what most people will never understand. I cannot begin to fathom what everyone's culture may be in class, and I am certain of mine. All I can truly do, in my opinion, is observe. When we, as American's, hear the words “child marriage”, it brings a few emotions quickly to the surface. It could bring shock, amazement that it could ever happen, maybe even disgust and in a few extreme cases hatred. I am an American, and I can tell you that I jump to conclusions when I hear those words, or any word that may bring unpleasant thoughts. By doing this, however, I am unable to truly see the picture of someone else’s culture, or their day to day lives. What I know may be completely different than what others have to live through every day. I have decided to write about Romani gypisies and their culture and society. Mainly, about child marriage in their society. Now, there are several reasons I decided to write about this, the first and foremost being is that I would like to understand how a group of people could ever expect this to be okay, or for them a life style. The first thing I did was researched different backgrounds of Romani history, so I could get a better understanding of where they came from and where their culture originated. Romanis are believed to have lived, in their ancestors time, in a northern part of India. Their ancestors are also believed...
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...DOWRY DEATH: AN UNHEEDED HEALTH ISSUE OF THE SOCIETY AIM OF THE PROJECT: The aim of this project is to- * Devise the basic cause behind dowry system. * Highlight it as a critical problem of the society. * Construct a relation between law and dowry. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: This project will emphasize on the question that why dowry is harmful for the society. Even in the 21st century women are subject to exploitation. Dowry system is widespread in the society and it is considered as a social evil. The crux of this project is to portray dowry as the root cause of mental and physical harassment and agony suffered by women. OVERVIEW OF LITERARURE: Exploitation of women has been by the society’s evil norms has been the focus of considerable concern for several decades. However dowry death has been a primary concern for many researchers. A number of researchers have operationally defined marriages as money earning rackets through dowry ( Gopalan Retheesh Babu 2010 , Bontha Veerraju Babu 2010 ). Research has indicated that dowry death is not only prevalent in rural areas but urban areas too. It is regarded as a crime against humanity. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: The basic concept behind this research is that dowry has become the deadliest enemy of this free and civilized society. The root cause behind dowry deaths is Hindu religious orthodoxy. In olden days dowry was given voluntarily and out of love and affection but these days customs have become brutally dangerous...
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...In the film The Princess Bride, Westley the main character, would be considered a hero. He goes through a journey to get back with his true love and overcomes many obstacles. Westley's journey begins when he is believed to be dead and prince Humperdink announces that he will marry Buttercup, his wife. After this, she is kidnapped by Inigo, Vizzini, and Fezzik. Westley now goes on for the search for his love. The only thing standing between him are the three bandits. His first obstacle is to face Inigo, the sword fighter. Westley and Inigo have a face off and Westley proves of being a hero by showing his skill and defeating the bandit. Up next is Fezzik the giant. Westley has the disadvantage of being smaller but still manages to defeat him. Then he finally gets to Buttercup but still has to face Vizzini the smart leader. Westley and Vizzini have a battle of wits with poison and wine. Vinnizi tries to outsmart him but he is no match because Westley already has by becoming immune to the poison. Vinnizi ends dying and Westley defeating him with his intelligence. This proves him of being a hero because he went through this to save and get back his love. After Westley and Buttercup are finally together, the prince Humperdink is on the chase for his wife to be. Humperdink spots Buttercup and Westley together. They make a run for it to try to get away from them and end up in a terrifying forest. Westley and butter are walking through the forest and...
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