...AIDS/HIV Demographic Case Summary Michael Eiden January 9, 2012 n Abstract Health care in the United States is impacted by numerous demographic populations such as individuals with chronic diseases; such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes etc. Long term care patients, the uninsured and Emergency management also have a significant impact on health care system. But none of these demographic populations has the impact on health care in the United States as individuals with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, better known as HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS impacts virtually every community in the U.S. and around the world. Almost everyone has been affected in some way by this preventable but incurable disease. The disease can be managed to some extent but at a high cost. AIDS/HIV Demographic Case Summary Population Demographics and Origins of HIV/AIDS According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates there are believed to be more than 1.5 million individuals living with HIV in the United States as of 2011 (CDC, 2011). The earliest known case of HIV was detected in a blood sample collected in 1959 from a Kinshasa man of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. How he became infected is unknown. It is not precisely known how the disease entered into the United States, but it is believed to have been around 1969 or so. In the early 80’s Doctors in various large cities on both coasts began seeing young gay men for Kaposi’s sarcoma; a cancer associated with...
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...HIV Epidemiology Patricia Mayer Grand Canyon University NRS 427V Sarah Hathcock April 25, 2015 HIV Epidemiology Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is a virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. The body is not able to rid itself of the human immunodeficiency virus, so once a person has the virus, they have it for life (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). Currently there is no safe or effective cure for HIV, but with the proper medical care, it can be controlled and drastically prolong the life of someone infected with HIV which can also lower their chances of infecting others with the virus. The virus attacks the T cells in the body and over time it can do away with so many of the cells that the body cannot fight off infections or diseases. It is at that point when HIV infections becomes AIDS (CDC, 2015). Causes and Symptoms HIV is believed to originally be caused by coming into contact with the blood of infected chimps and monkeys in Africa during butchering and cooking, which allowed the cross contamination into humans. HIV is a slow virus, which means it could take anywhere for five to ten years after infection for the symptoms to appear (Meyer & Adler, 2014). There are three stages of HIV and the person can transmit the virus during any stage. The first stage is acute infection it happens two to four weeks after infection with HIV, the person will have flu-like symptoms, during this stage large amounts of...
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...Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic by working alongside the communities on a state and national level. They are also partners with other countries abroad in research, surveillance and evaluation of activities among the world’s population. The activities monitored are critical to CDC due to the estimated 1.1 million Americans infected with the disease. Some of these infected populations do not know they are infected and the number increases each year. CDC’s programs help improve the medical treatment, care and outside support for individuals living with the disease. HIV/AIDS control factors and prevention is focused on individuals that do not have the virus. CDC wants to prevent the spread of the HIV/AIDS by placing the emphasis on preventing the transmission by infected people. “Ongoing, brief prevention counseling is a cost-effective measure that can be incorporated into routine care for individuals living with HIV. Prevention IS Care therefore includes tools for medical care providers to use on a daily basis with those patients who are living with HIV. Informational posters and patient education brochures develop patients' knowledge about HIV, facilitate open dialogue and information exchange, and strengthen patients' ability to make healthy choices. And continuing education opportunities are included for medical care providers to update and add depth to their knowledge and skills” (DHSS, 2012). The Prevention Method’s of CDC towards the...
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...Running head: AIDS/HIV IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY MBA 530 Community Health Evaluation/Epidemiology Dr. Patricia Pierce Latoya Blain 06/17/2012 AIDS/HIV in the African American Community Of all the ethnic and racial groups of the United States of America, the African Americans are the ones who have been to a larger extent faced with the HIV/AIDS burden. Statistics show that more than two hundred and thirty thousand African Americans have already passed on as a result of AIDS- a figure which represents 40% of the total deaths in the U.S. Besides, it is estimated that those living with HIV in the U.S. are more than one million, half of whom are blacks (NASTAD, 2005). The probability of having been infected with HIV/AIDS among the African Americans is one on every 16 (for the black males) and 1 in every 30 people (for the black women). Washington D.C. has the highest prevalence of HIV infection, at three percent; with 75% of the infected people being African Americans. The National HIV/AIDS Strategy has reported that African Americans form the greatest proportion of the many cases of HIV/AIDS in the various transmission sorts, including among women, injection drug users, infants and heterosexual men (The White House, 2010). From the above statistics, one may, therefore, wonder African Americans as affected by AIDS in such a disproportionate manner. Historically, it was back in the early 1980s...
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...disease became more prevalent in today’s culture. The outbreak of the human immunodeficiency virus infection/ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has impacted many lives. Although today, the death rates are not as high, it has taken all branches of the government to act together to manage the disease. Human immunodeficiency virus infection / Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).The illness interferes with the immune system, making people with AIDS much more likely to get infections, including opportunistic infections and tumors that do not affect people with working immune systems. This susceptibility gets worse as the disease continues. There have been many efforts taken by all branches of government to control the number of HIV/AIDS cases in America. One of the main organizations that have leaded the efforts is the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As a part of its overall public health mission, CDC provides leadership in helping control the HIV/AIDS epidemic by working with community, state, national, and international partners in surveillance, research, and prevention and evaluation activities. These activities are critically important because CDC estimates that about 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV, and that 21%...
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...HIV in the African American Population HIV in the African American Population The year was 1981, and the first discovered cases of PCP, Pneumocystis Cabrini pneumonia was discovered in five young males who did not fit the norm for being diagnosed with this disease. In 1983, the isolation of a T lymph tropic retrovirus was found. In January 1983, the CDC reported a new disease which could be sexually transmitted both homosexually and heterosexual, passed from mother to infant, through blood and blood products. A note was made that the disease could also be passed from a negative host, who carried the disease asymptomatically. On February 7th, the world takes notice of the African American blacks and their relationship with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In 2006, blacks composed approximately 12% of the United States population over the age of 13. Out of that reported number it was estimated that 46% of them are living with HIV/AIDS. 63% of those cases were from between male to male cases, with 83% new cases being from high risk heterosexual black females. The numbers from the CDC report it is an estimated 12.3 per 10,000 blacks that are currently affected yearly. Of all the ethnic and racial groups of the United States of America, the African Americans are the ones who have been to a larger extent faced with the HIV/AIDS burden. Statistics show that more than two hundred and thirty thousand African Americans have already passed on as a result of AIDS- a figure which represents...
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... Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a devastating virus that a person can acquire if they are not careful with their bodies. HIV has a history of fear, illnesses and even death but the technology we have now has improved a person’s quality of life and also has prolonged their life throughout the years. In the AIDS.gov site it cited CDC stating “Over the past decade, the number of people living with HIV has increased, while the annual number of new HIV infections has remained relatively stable. Still, the pace of new infections continues at far too high a level—particularly among certain groups” (HIV, 2014). This paper will be talking about the description of HIV, describing the determinants of health and factors that contribute to the development of HIV. It will also be discussing the epidemiologic triangle of HIV, explaining the role of the community health nurse and will identify at least one national organization that addresses HIV. Causes and mode of transmission of HIV are sharing drug needles with someone who is infected with HIV as well as having unprotected sexual intercourse (oral, anal, vaginal), contact with semen, infected blood (blood transfusions), pregnancy, childbirth and or breastfeeding. You cannot get infected with HIV by consensual contact such as holding or shaking hands, hugging, kissing, breathing the same air or using the same water or being bitten by the same insect. Symptoms vary but most of the people with HIV will have flu-like symptoms in about...
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...HIV Saad Niazi HCS/245 JUNE 19, 2012 Margraet Latham HIV In this paper we will discuss several components about the Human Immunodeficiency Virus or better known as (H.I.V.). Some of the questions answered today are, How is (HIV) spread, once infected with the disease can it be cured and if not cured how well is it managed, We will also look at the beginning of the diseases life, what demographics are the most affected, the future of the disease and how much as a global community we have spent to combat (HIV). History (HIV) was first clinically observed in its most advanced form as Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome better known as (AIDS) IN 1981. The first cases were a cluster of people who were using drugs intravenously and gay men with no known causes of impaired immunity showed symptoms of a rare and opportunistic pneumonia infection that presents itself when the immune system is compromised. Not too long after gay men started to develop Kaposi’s sarcoma a rare form of skin cancer. There were starting to be more and more cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma and pneumonia popping up all over the country. The spike in cases caused the Center for Disease Control (CDC) to form a task force. In the beginning the (CDC) did not have a name for the disease, the (CDC) often referred to it by associated diseases for example, lympadenopathy the original name of (HIV). The general media had coined the term GRID which stood for Gay Related Immunodeficiency...
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...Epidemiology HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a life threatening pandemic that affects humans on a global scale. The virus has claimed the lives of millions worldwide. HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse; however it can be spread by any contact of bodily fluid coming in contact with the mucous membranes of another person. Some examples of these fluids include semen, blood, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk (AIDS.GOV, 2014). While bodily fluids are the primary mode of transmission, there are other modes that the virus can be transmitted which include injection drug use, pregnancy or childbirth, occupational exposure, and blood transfusions. Once HIV is in the body, it begins to destroy CD4+ cells, which are white blood cells that help the body fight infection and disease (WebMD, 2013). While there are no specific symptoms that a person with HIV will present with, typically the person will develop flu-like symptoms within a month or two after the virus has entered the body. Some of these symptoms may include fever, headache, muscle cramps, rash, chills, sore throat, mouth or genital ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, night sweats, and diarrhea (Mayo Clinic, 2014). These symptoms can last from a few weeks to many months. The virus has four phases of infection that it progresses through throughout the disease process. These phases are primary infection, clinical latent infection, early symptomatic HIV infection, and...
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... INTRODUCTION While HIV and AIDS continue to spread rapidly throughout America. Intervening factors about adolescent with HIV and AIDS is explosive and agonizing. There are important issues and concerns about this topic. For instance, education, health care, disproportion of death rate, and sexual risk behavior seems to play a major part in why Adolescents are getting HIV and AIDS at a rapid rate. According to (CDC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “the statistics on HIV/AIDS for American Adolescent clearly show that teens are particularly severely affected by the virus. The latest Centers for Disease Control report on the US epidemic shows that in 2007, 73% of people diagnosed with AIDS were males. With 73% being males. Within the African American population, males represented 64% of AIDS cases” (CDC). With all of the statistics outlined. It is apparent That African American males are the ethnic group worst affected by HIV/AIDS. This issue is highly alarming, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in world history. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of what is known about the issues of HIV infection in Scott 3 Adolescents and young adults in the U.S. I hope to chip away at this issue and get closer to understanding why rates of HIV infection are so high among adolescents...
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...Definition and Identification Over the years, HIV has killed millions of people around the world. African Americans living in the United States represent one of the groups that are adversely affected by HIV. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) refers to a virus that attacks one’s immune system which represents the natural defense system of a human body. When this defense system becomes weak, the body becomes susceptible to various diseases and infections. The virus that attacks the immune system as well as the infection that affects the body as a result of the weak immune system is called HIV. In 2014 alone, 5,128 African American women were diagnosed with HIV compared to 1,483 white women and 1,350 Latino/Hispanic women in the USA (CDC, 2016). This study is going to investigate the problem of HIV among this vulnerable population. The study will also investigate the risk factors of HIV among this population. Finally, the study is going to discuss the nursing implications. Problems, Susceptibility, Exposures and Frequency An earlier report by Global-Campaign in 2006 indicated that of the total population of the United States, African Americans only account for 13 percent. However, African Americans account for more than half of all the new HIV cases in the U.S. especially the women, making them a vulnerable community (Ragsdale-Hearns, 2012). This high frequency rates among them is due to various problems and high exposures to HIV/AIDS. For instance, African American heavily inhabited...
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...HIV/AIDS in the U.S. University of Phoenix HCS/455 April 14, 2010 In every region of the world, more people are living with HIV/AIDS. This paper is written on the subject of black Americans living in the United States with HIV/AIDS, how the health care policy affects them and the different stakeholders that are being affected by the health care policy. The (CDC, 2010) explains that Black Americans have been excessively affected by HIV/AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic. Blacks account for more new HIV infections, AIDS diagnoses, people estimated to be living with HIV disease, and HIV-related deaths than any other racial/ethnic group in the U.S. The epidemic has also had an excessive impact on Black women, youth, and gay and bisexual men, and its impact varies across the country. The CDC claims that today, there are approximately 1.1 million people living with HIV/AIDS in the U.S, including more than 500,000 who are Black. Analysis of national household survey data found that 2% of Blacks in the U.S. were HIV positive, higher than any other group. Health insurance, whether it is public or private, improves access to care. Medicaid is the nation’s health insurance program for low-income Americans and the largest source of public funding for AIDS care, is a critical source of coverage for people with HIV/AIDS. Although the U.S. has been involved in efforts to address the global AIDS crisis since the mid 1980s, the conception...
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...Epidemiology: HIV/AIDS Grand Canyon University: NRS 427V-0101 July 27, 2014 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that can potentially lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The human body has the capability of clearing most viruses with T-cells or CD4 cells that are part of the immune system, but unlike most viruses, HIV is a virus the body cannot fight, it is for life. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids such as semen, pre-seminal fluids, vaginal fluid, rectal fluids, blood, and breast milk of an infected person. (AIDS.gov, 2014) HIV can hide in the bodies’ cells for long periods of time and attack the key cells responsible for fighting infections and diseases. HIV leads to AIDS when the virus destroys and depletes the CD4 cells and leaves the body vulnerable to disease and infection. Symptoms of HIV will vary from individual to individual since there are different stages of the disease. Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) occurs in the first two to four weeks after a person has been exposed and infected. Typical symptoms experienced are flu-like symptoms such as a rash, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, fever, sore throat, headache, and joint/muscle pain which can last a few days to weeks. Although ARS is common, not all people that are infected will experience the typical symptoms. After the initial symptoms of ARS, HIV can go unnoticed for years called the latency stage. The progression of AIDS occurs once the latency stage has depleted enough CD4 cells...
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...Epidemiology Paper: HIV Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V 08/09/2015 Human immunodeficiency virus, otherwise known as HIV, is a serious disease that affects the bodies’ immune system. HIV affects the immune cells, specifically called the CD4 cells or T cells. As time passes, these cells are destroyed and soon the body begins to lose its ability to fight off infections and disease. HIV is the virus that could lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. Unfortunately, there is no cure for HIV, meaning once infected, you will remain infected for the rest of your life. The earliest HIV case was known to be in 1959. While it is unknown when exactly it came about, or from where, the transfer of the disease is thought to be from animal to human decades earlier. Some scientists believe that the chimpanzee transmitted the virus to humans, back when humans would hunt the chimpanzees for their meat. The contact with their HIV infected blood caused the spread of the communicable disease. After slowly spreading across Africa through the years, the virus made its way out into the world. “The first cases of HIV in the United States date back to 1981.” (Holland, 2013) The HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. There are many myths about how HIV is spread; the truth of how it is spread is simple, through blood, semen, vaginal/rectal fluids and breast milk. “These fluids must come in contact with a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected...
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...Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, and if left untreated, it can develop into Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, or AIDS (AIDS, 2015). HIV is a virus that a person will have for the rest of their life, because the human body can never completely get rid of the virus (AIDS, 2015). There is currently no cure for HIV, but if properly treated, it can be controlled. HIV is caused by a virus that specifically attacks CD4 cells. These cells are responsible for the immune system. When left untreated, HIV attacks these cells, leaving the human body unable to fight off infection or cancers (AIDS, 2015). There are three stages of HIV. The first is the acute infection stage where there is a large amount of the virus being produced in the body. A person may not even know they have HIV in this stage. The second stage is the clinical latency stage where very low levels of the virus is being produced because a person may be receiving treatment. A person can live in the clinical latency stage for years, even decades. The final stage of HIV is known as AIDS and this is where a person is susceptible to opportunistic infection. (AIDS, 2015). There are several symptoms of HIV, but the only way to be certain that one has HIV is through testing. Early symptoms include fatigue, muscle aches, fever, chills, swelling of lymph nodes, night sweats, and ulcers in the mouth (AIDS, 2015). Some people may be infected with HIV but not know it for an...
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