...Do Cell Phones Cause Brain Cancer? The Diehards Cling Desperately To Opinion In some quarters the specter of cancer-causing cell phones refuses to be put to rest — or even to be temporarily stilled while new studies are conducted. In recent years a large number of studies from over a dozen countries have been published showing no evidence of a detectable link between cell phone use and brain tumors. This should be reassuring. Nevertheless, there are hard-core believers among activists and scientists who do not miss an opportunity to promote a contrary view. Last October Italy’s Supreme Court ruled that a business executive’s brain tumor was linked to his heavy use of a mobile phone. In support of its judgment, the court cited studies by a single group in Sweden, which stand out from the totality of studies on the question. And this past week, The Scientist carried a vehement opinion piece entitled “Scientific Peer Review in Crisis” attacking the BMJ (British Medical Journal) for publishing a large Danish study that found no association between cell phone use and cancer. The author of the piece, Dariusz Leszczynski, is a research professor at the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland. He cited flaws in the design of the study that render any conclusions meaningless and asked whether the study passed peer review due to incompetence of the reviewers and editors or due to conflicts-of-interest among the former. He went on to call for retraction of the paper...
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...History Main article: History of mobile phones An evolution of mobile phones Early predecessors of cellular phones included radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in mobile telephony have been traced in successive generations from the early "0G" services like the Bell System's - Mobile Telephone Service and its successor, Improved Mobile Telephone Service. These '0G' systems were not cellular and could support few calls, and were very expensive. The first handheld mobile cell phone was demonstrated by Motorola in 1973. The first commercial automated cellular network was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979. In 1981, this was followed by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.[8] Several other countries then followed in the early to mid-1980s. These '1G' systems could support far more calls but still used analog technology. In 1991, the second generation (2G) digital cellular technology was launched in Finland by Radiolinja on the GSM standard, which sparked competition in the sector as the new operators challenged the incumbent 1G network operators. Ten years later, in 2001, the third generation (3G) was launched in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard.[9] This was followed by 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G enhancements based on the high-speed packet access (HSPA) family...
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...automobiles be prohibited from using cellular phones? What shouldn’t you do while you are driving? Using a cell phone is the main problem for drivers. It affects not only the drivers, but also people around them. They will lose control of the vehicle. Now many countries have laws which drivers are prohibited from using a cell phone because the number of people who died from the accidents increase every year. The drivers have lack of carefully because they are using a cell phone. In some case, when they have an accident, they can get out of a car on time or it isn’t a big accident. So they are lucky, but it is not often occurring. A cell phone is useful, but at the same time it is dangerous. Anyway, I think the drivers should be prohibited from using a cell phone because it has many factors such as they lose control of the vehicle, they don’t have responsibility and it is the main reason of accidents. Although using a cell phone while they are driving will be dangerous, many people also want to use it. They wear a headset or a Bluetooth with the cell phone which can cause them to feel safe. They also have their position. They can control themselves to pay attention to driving. They think when the phone ring, it means that is an urgent situation which they have to pick up the phone and talk to them. If they don’t pick up the phone, they will miss important news at that time. They insist that they shouldn’t be prohibited from using the cell phone. The first factor is they lose control...
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...Impact of Cell Phone’s Radio Frequency in Children Herzing University Saugat Basnet The development and use of mobile device services in the last decade have hugely increased the amount of radiofrequency electromagnetic wave (RF-EMW). High exposures towards radio frequency (RF) in our daily lives have raised concerns regarding the harmful effects on human health especially on children. Children with cell phone exposure have higher odds of migraines and headache-related symptoms than the one with no exposure. A great deal of scientific and public interest have focused on radio frequencies that alter the brain, somatic and germinal cells in children. Children should be very careful and guided by elders while using cell phones that produce a lot of harmful radio frequencies. Today cell phone is one of the inseparable parts of modern life. Each and every daily activity today is possibly accomplished by the aid of the cell phone. With its reference, we can say that cell phone directly and regularly comes in contact with the vital body parts like head and sense organs. As it comes in contact with vital organs, not immediately but after some long term exposure, it causes severe health problems and in children, it’s even more serious. Children are still developing mentally; therefore, radio frequency from cell phones has a greater effect on them than on adults. It is because children have growing body parts where cell multiplication is active. According to a study conducted by Sudan...
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...Introduction . what are the potential health issues associated with cellular telephone use? Whether it’s the increased use of cell phones by children, or the overall increase in cell phone use by adults, human exposure to electromagnetic radiation is happening in ways never dreamed of before. Very young children are using them, teenagers live on them—and some even sleep with them on their pillows, as cell phones are often used as alarm clocks. What do these exposures consist of and what do they mean for human health? Whether cell phone use affects the human nervous system and reproduction, causes DNA damage and behavioral changes, or creates addictive behavior, cell phones are now ubiquitous in our lives. Cell phone technology has changed quickly over time and continues to develop, which means that human exposures also change over time. This report explores what we know about cell phone use, exposures, and human health. Impact of mobile phone technology in environment: The Cell Phone Problem Electromagnetic Radiation _ All cell phones emit a type of radiation called an electromagnetic field (EMF), composed of waves of electric and magnetic energy moving together through space. Different types of electromagnetic energy are categorized by their wavelengths and frequencies and comprise the electromagnetic “spectrum” (see next page). _ Different radiation frequencies are used by different...
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...Cell Phones and Globalization | By The Globalist The spread of cell phones has ushered in a new age of convenience for billions of people around the world. Developing countries, in particular, are benefiting from a wireless revolution that is connecting people in far-flung towns and villages — many for the first time. | | How many cell phones are there in the world today? Around the world, there are more than 2.4 billion cell phone users — and more than 1,000 new customers are added every minute (as of July 2006). (Washington Post) | Text messaging generated $49.4 billion in revenues for cell phone companies worldwide in 2005 — and is expected to yield $76.5 billion by 2010. (Pyramid Research) | | | What is the outlook? By the end of 2007, there are projected to be three billion mobile phone subscribers. (Nokia) What is remarkable about the mobile phone phenomenon? With 59% of users in developing countries, cell phones are the first telecommunications technology in history to have more users there than in the developed world. (Washington Post) What do people in the developing world stand to gain economically? An extra ten mobile phones per 100 people in a typical developing country leads to an additional 0.44 percentage points of growth in GDP per person. (London Business School) How quickly did cell phones take off? Back in 1980, the number of cell phones in the world was a mere 11.2 million — or just two cell phones per 1,000 people. (Federal...
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...twenty-four hours a day seven days a week. One piece of technology most people have with them throughout the day is a cell phone. This study will investigate the relationship between the usage of cell phones and the increased risk of brain tumors. Numerous research studies have been done to analyze how the usage of cell phones correlates with the instance of brain tumors. This paper will analyze the findings of these studies and provide a description of the findings from the research studies that have been done related to the question do cell phones cause an increase in brain tumors to the cell phone users. Literature Review Berg, G., Spallek, J., Schüz, J., Schlehofer, B., Böhler, E., Schlaefer, K., et al. (2007) found that exposure to radio frequency and microwave electromagnetic fields can contribute to an increase the incidence of brain tumors. The same kind of radio frequency and microwave electromagnetic fields are produced by cell phone phones. If Radio frequency and microwave electromagnetic fields are both produced by cell phones than this could be an issue to anyone who uses a cell phone. If exposure to these radio frequencies and or microwave electromagnetic waves increases the risk of developing brain tumors this is a problem for the majority of the USAGE OF CELLPHONES AND BRAIN TUMORS population worldwide at an estimated “number of cell phone users in 2014 will reach 1.75 billion.” eMarketer (2014). Wiart, J., Wake, K., Vrijheid, M., Villegas, R., Vecchia...
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...the explosive growth of communications over the past 5 decades and how it is thoroughly spreading to many parts of the world. Through both of these types of globalization, we develop the cultural aspect of globalization, defining the harmonization of the world’s cultures to create a single union. It is inevitable that the world will eventually merge and be entirely westernized, however it is solely a question of whether or not this is a positive movement. The Main Players The never ending expansion of technology has drastically taken over our world, one mobile network at a time. With exceptional products produced by Apple, RIM, Samsung and other leading companies, it is no wonder that the use of cell phones has increased significantly. The combination of the mass cell phone producers with the network carriers creates a technological world that can be accessed by those all over the globe. Within seconds, you are able to...
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...People...Drives Using Cell Phones Do!!!!” ENG 215 Research and Writing Professor Erica Ellsworth 5 August 2012 “Guns don’t kill people, drivers with cell phones do!!!!!” Yes that is right!!!! Not to compare the severity of gun laws with the use of cellphones while driving but the later does have a very similar effect and end result.....people die!!! If you think that driving while talking on the phone without a hands free device is harmless? Tell that to the families of the 2,600 people that died in 2005 and the injured 333,000 in the United States that year. A lot of people think that this is a harmless act, but when studies prove that the reaction time of a 20 year old behind the wheel and on the phone is compared to that of a 70 year old driver without being on the phone, I think it is self explanatory. Although this has been an ongoing debate for years on why this act should have penalties and consequences. It seems that the United States is behind the power curve on reaching a consensus on what the penalties or consequences, if any, should be actionable by law. Studies have shown that this behavior, which is a way of life as we know it, is actually a very irresponsible act while driving on the highways of our country. I mean how many more people have to pass away in car accidents before these laws are passed in congress and enforced in such a manner that people will actually opt to shut their phones off while driving period...
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...Wiki Loves Monuments: Photograph a monument, help Wikipedia and win! Mobile phone From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "Cell Phone" redirects here. For the film, see Cell Phone (film). For the Handphone film, see Handphone (film). The Qualcomm QCP-2700, a mid-1990s candybar style phone, and an iPhone 4S, a current production smartphone. A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link whilst moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 2.2 pounds (1 kg). [1] In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 5.6 billion, penetrating about 70% of the...
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...Research on Mobile Phones Effects Dr. Abdullah AlOrainy Inst. of Electronics Research, KACST P. O. Box: 230471, Riyadh 11321, Saudi Arabia E-mail: alorainy@kacst.edu.sa ABSTRACT The use of mobile phones always accompanied by the issue of health implications for human. Previous research studies show no evidence of the impacts of mobile phones to human health. New studies suggest that mobile radiation might double the risk of developing cancer on the side of the head used, increase brain activity, can cause damage to nerves around ears and, more importantly, damages the BBB. Also new research shows that biological effects are possible without any warming of tissues which impose of the current radiation exposure levels. KEYWORDS Mobile Radiation, Health Effects INTRODUCTION There are now about 1 Billion mobile phones in use worldwide, and it is expected to reach 1.6B lines by year 2005. In many countries, penetration rates of more than %50 has been reached. At present, there are approximately 4.5 million GSM subscribers in Saudi Arabia and STC has commissioned Ericsson and Nokia to expand its GSM network to 5.5 million lines (~ %20 penetration rate). This wide use of mobile technology have often raise the question about if there are health implications for human. In fact, there are conflicting reports relating to possible health effects from mobile phones and base stations. In April 2000, an independent expert group in UK has issued a report on Mobile phone effects on health based...
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...Positive Effects of Mobile Phones at School Having a backward perspective from the past up to the present, development on lifestyle and technology is definitely seen tangibly. With the mobile phones increasing demand on younger generation, there are positive effects towards the academic status of the students. From just a slow-paced communication system to a fast and advance method of communicating, all individuals are affected especially the younger generation which include students in schools. Technology has advanced beyond our wildest dreams in the past years. Schools have always struggled with the issue of making policies to control the latest and greatest technology used by students. Years ago schools struggled with pagers or beepers because they had a stigma of being linked to drug activity. Then the cell phone came on the scene and schools were overwhelmed with the task of trying to control the use of cell phones by students. Today, cell phones and other devices are used by millions of people across the country. Cell Phone technology has advanced to the point where they have the functions and capacity of a computer, allowing students and adults to access the internet, music, take pictures, send messages, etc. A controversy has arisen of whether educators and administrators should embrace cell phone technology and create lessons using the cell phone or continue to restrict use of cell phones during school hours. This has been the major issue towards adapting the new...
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...Cell phones Freymel De La Rosa Mr. Ramírez English 11, 3rd period May 29th 2012 Outline Thesis Statement: Cell phones have changed us socially in many ways since their first invention till now, through their history, uses, and their changes in communication. Introduction I. Cell phones History A. First cell phones B. Cell phones inventor C. How they work II. Using of Cell Phones A. Changes in Communication B. Benefits C. Health effects III. Have they changed us socially? A. How? B. Negative use C. Positive use De La Rosa 1 The concept of the cellular phone was developed in 1947 which originated from the mobile car phone. The concept of the cellular phone was produced by Bell Laboratories. The first actual cell phone was made in 1973 by Martin Cooper of Motorola and other assisting inventors who used the idea of the car phone and applied the technology necessary to make a portable cell phone possible. Cell phones were first made available to the public in 1984. Back then, they were very large, expensive instruments. The first cellular phones to be created were very large and bulky. This made them difficult to carry around. The first cell phone came to the market in 1984 from Motorola and weighed 2 pounds. It was a DynaTac 8000X which was selling for $3,995. A few years later, in 1991, the Motorola MicroTac Lite was created which cost $1000. Martin Cooper started Motorola’s research for cellular phones. He was raised...
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...For some people, cell phones are a wonderful convenience of modern life; for others, they are irritating contraptions that should be banned from public areas. A mobile phone or cell phone is an electronic telecommunication device with the same basic capability as a conventional fixed-line telephone, but which is also entirely portable and is not required to be connected with a wire to the telephone network. Most current mobile phones connect instead to the network using a wireless radio wave transmission technology. The mobile phone communicates via a cellular network of base stations, also known as cell sites, which are in turn linked to the conventional telephone networks. In addition to the standard voice function of a telephone, a mobile phone can support many additional services such as SMS for text messaging, packet switching for access to the Internet, and MMS for sending and receiving photos and videos. In less than twenty years, mobile phones have gone from being rare and expensive pieces of equipment used by businesses to an all pervasive low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile phones now outnumber land-line telephones, with most adults and many children now owning mobile phones. It is not uncommon for young adults to simply own a mobile phone instead of a land-line for their residence. In some developing countries, where there is little existing fixed-line infrastructure, the mobile phone has become widespread. With high levels of mobile telephone penetration...
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...(Ellans, 1998). External factors have a terminal effect on an organization planning. It takes through planning in marketing a product. A great mangers needs to come up with ideas that will provide, and profit for the other countries. Leading globalization can be very difficult and this may cause a problem with the other countries wanting to use the product because they are not familiar with it. This is why you need to go in great detail as to why the product would benefit the other countries. Example is the cell phones they can cause a lot of trouble. This includes the contracts, communication, rates, service for the Internet this issues have been the great topic for the subscribers with the cell phones. By controlling the globalization through the cell phones the team must extent eh information about the product to the other countries to see if is useable around the globe. Through technology the information needs to be organized so the customers are better informed about the pricing and the information before the purchase. The process of getting internal and external factors that an organization is very difficult to the planning process. The internal and external environmental assessment will help get a better understanding, and will influence the rate of the organization. The main purpose of an environmental assessment is to identify the forces, and the trends that have the impact on the implementation strategies. The effect in the environmental assessment is to prepare the...
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