...OpenRadio and Software Defined Cellular Wireless Networking As with most aspects of computer science, wireless network technology has evolved over the years by way of competing proposals and protocols, developed within academia, industry, or often through collaboration of the public and private sectors. As public adoption of computer networks increased, the demand for methods of connecting these networks and allowing users to access their resources led engineers and theoreticians to adapt existing electromagnetic radiation to transmit computer data over the same media which had previously been used to broadcast audio and video signals. For as widespread as the use of these technologies has become, most of the advancement and innovation still comes from within a relatively small community of experts in and around Silicon Valley. The subject of this report is one such collaboration known as the Open Networking Research Center, or ORNC, a joint task force between Stanford University and University of California at Berkeley, sponsored by prominent technology companies such as HP, Intel, Google, Cisco and VMWare. One of the projects that ONRC is working on is to develop a software defined networking solution for cellular wireless data networks, which they refer to as OpenRadio. This report will focus on what ONRC perceives as the problem or shortcoming with the current TCP/IP infrastructure which supports cellular wireless, what they propose as their solution, and how close they are...
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...feelings on what this will mean for the hospital. They all have cell phones but are unclear of the connection to medicine. Prepare a 4-6 page MS word document explaining to the board of directors what is wireless technology, how it works, its history, use in telemedicine, and what applications these technologies may be used for at the hospital setting. Read Chapter 1 to begin to answer these questions. What is wireless technology? Wireless technology is rapidly growing, and is playing an increasing role in people around the world in healthcare industry. Wireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves instead of wires carry the signal over part or the entire communication pathway. The fourth generation cellular networks have greatly improved data transmission speed. In the meantime, short-range radio such as Bluetooth, Hiperlan, and infrared transmission are helping with wireless broadband multimedia and data communication in both office, hospital and home settings. Recently wireless network communications have gained huge popularity in healthcare organizations as the technological advancements have solved the traditional security and reliability issues. Smartphones and customized wireless health devices are proving there is a better way toward dramatically improving healthcare in this country. How Wireless Technology...
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...Abstract:-The fourth generation of mobile networks will truly turn the current mobile phone networks, in to end to end IP based networks, couple this with the arrival of IPv6, every device in the world will have a unique IP address, which will allow full IP based communications from a mobile device, right to the core of the internet, and back out again. If 4G is implemented correctly, it will truly harmonize global roaming, super high speed connectivity, and transparent end user performance on every mobile communications device in the world. 4G is set to deliver 100mbps to a roaming mobile device globally, and up to 1gbps to a stationary device. With this in mind, it allows for video conferencing, streaming picture perfect video and much more. It won’t be just the phone networks that need to evolve, the increased traffic load on the internet as a whole (imagine having 1 billion 100mb nodes attached to a network over night) will need to expand, with faster backbones and oceanic links requiring major upgrade. 4G won’t happen overnight, it is estimated that it will be implemented by 2012, and if done correctly, should takeoff rather quickly. 4G networks i.e. Next Generation Networks (NGNs) are becoming fast and very cost-effective solutions for those wanting an IP built high-speed data capacities in the mobile network. Some possible standards for the 4G system are 802.20, Wi-MAX (802.16), HSDPA, TDD UMTS, UMTS and future versions of UMTS. The design is that 4G will be based on OFDM...
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...Hotel, your chances of being around a wireless network in the world today are very good. You may connect your computer at home or other electronic devices to a wireless network, also called WiFi or 802.11 networks. Wireless networks are easy to set up and mostly inexpensive. Very soon wireless networking may be available from just about anywhere and at any time. Bluetooth is a universal wireless standard for connecting various digital devices. Bluetooth is simply a way to connect devices to one another without the use of cables that transmits the signal over short distances. Bluetooth is “cable elimination technology”. Wireless Connections What is Wireless? Wireless communication is the transfer of information between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor. The most common wireless technologies use radio. With radio waves distances can be short, such as a few meters for television or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications. It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable applications, including two-way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. Other examples of applications of radio wireless technology include GPS units, garage door openers, wireless computer mice, keyboards and headsets, headphones, radio receivers, satellite television, broadcast television and cordless telephones. Somewhat less common methods of achieving wireless...
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...Hospital Networking Project (Week 3) University of Phoenix CMGT 554/IT INFRASTRUCTURE Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Networking Project Today most new building construction is built with new technology and is not as much concerned with the type of budgets that a hospital muse consider in order to redesign a whole new network structure for the purpose of being more optimal and maintaining standards that keep up with advances in new technology. In most cases, a hospital’s network can transition over time with new technology and evolve into meeting the demands it requires to perform effectively. However, upgrading a hospital’s entire network can often be very expensive to implement and sustain. There may be a case where components or parts are no longer being produced to meet current and future demands. In the last several years, changes in healthcare put a demand on hospitals to maintain their networks with new, more efficient solutions that can enhance performance, keep cost low, but most one that is reliable . The Network architecture at Patton-Fuller hospital was designed for each department to rely on information flow between each department. In other words, if the accounting department needed information from the pharmacy or admissions in order to create invoices or insurance billing, it would be rely on those departments to share real time information through the network. It is important for a facility as large as a hospital to have a Networking system that...
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... . . Constraints in WSNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Applications of WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security Threats in WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Cellular Automata 4.1 Reversible Cellular Automata 5 Deployment issues in WSN with specific focus on authentication 5.1 5.2 Authentication of Cluster Head and Base Station . . . . . . . . . Authentication of Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 16 6 Schemes as well as Supporting claims 6.1 6.2 6.3 Cloning attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replay Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Man-in-the-middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Conclusion List of Figures 1 2 3 4 5 Wireless sensor Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components of Sensor Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WSN with three types of sensor nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elementary CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reversible Cellular Automata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 6 7 10 11 The Term Paper Based on ”Hybrid security approach for nodes authentication in wireless sensor network using cellular automata” by Herve Kabamba Mbikayi November 11, 2014...
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...the various routing protocols like AODV, DSR, ODMRP and Fisheye. Numbers of simulation scenarios were carried out by using Glomosim-2.03. The QoS parameters used are Throughput, Delay and PDR. Simulation results found that AODV performs better in 802.11 and CSMA, DSR and ODMRP performs better in only under 802.11. Keywords— MANET, AODV, DSR, FSR, GloMoSim, ODMRP I. INTRODUCTION Wireless communication networks are basically two types as shown in Fig.1. One is infrastructure based and other one is infrastructure less. Infrastructure based is cellular communications whereas infrastructure less is ad hoc networks. Fig.1 Classification of wireless communication networks A. Cellular Networks A Cellular Network is a wireless network distributed over areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed location known as a cell site or base station. The presence of base stations simplifies routing and resource management in a cellular network as the routing decisions are made in a centralized manner with more information about the destination node. The base station...
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...examined the services and protocols for scalability, and switching and routing researchers looked at the scalability of the switches and routers. Service providers studied the application architectures of the services for the scalable performance that they need to provide to subscribers and, the maintenance folks paid attention to scalability of service provisioning algorithms, protocols and software. Similarly, the wireless networking community has also started to look at the scalability issues that are relevant to wireless cellular, wireless local, as well as wireless personal area networks besides the emerging area of infrastructure-less networks such as ad-hoc and sensor networks. Surprisingly there is significant scope for research in the wireless scalability area as it relates to the ad hoc and sensor networks and this is one of the reasons why this topic was chosen for a special issue. A wireless sensor network is likely to have a large number of nodes perhaps in thousands to millions and that may create, potentially, numerous scaling problems in the networking protocols, addressing schemes, hardware architectures etc. The key questions that people are asking in this area are: whether wireless networks are scalable? And if they are, what are the appropriate conditions under which the scalability properties are achievable? One of the pioneering works on the capacity of wireless networks was published by Gupta and Kumar [1]. This paper presented a theoretical framework to analyze...
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...CHAPTOR 12 In the early 1930s, a mathematician developed a formula that could be used to make accurate weather forecasts, something that was unheard of at that time. However, because there were no computers or calculators at that time, it took almost three months of hand calculations to come up with the next day’s forecast. This obviously was far from useful, and many individuals scoffed at such a preposterous solution to weather forecasting. However, with the introduction of computers by the late 1940s, the amount of time needed for the calculations was dramatically decreased. Suddenly, this model became very popular, and today it forms the basis for all weather forecasting. The point here is that it sometimes requires vision to see how an idea or technology could be used. This vision also applies to new technologies like wireless communications. Some users question why we should consider wireless technology when the existing wired system seems to work just fine. In this chapter, you will learn what it takes to convert the potential of wireless technology into a successful business reality. We’ll look at the steps needed to incorporate wireless technology into a business, and at the advantages and challenges that face business users who consider adopting this new technology. Advantages of Wireless Technology The advantages of incorporating wireless technology into a business are far-reaching and can positively impact an organization in many ways. In addition to the...
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...Wireless LAN is a networking technology that allows the connection of computers without any wires and cables, mostly using radio and infrared frequency (RF) technology. It's called LAN because the range targets within an office, a building, a store, a small campus, or just a house. The description of a WLAN is a mobile data communication connectivity system installed and configured as an alternative in some cases for traditional LAN. The WLAN equipment is capable of receiving and sending data over an adequate range. In the United States, the WLAN business is increasing in areas like the airports, health-care, warehousing and manufactures. Several research companies are predicting a healthy increase in WLAN business market in the coming years. The WLAN provides advantages over traditional LAN technology such as buried cables in the ground, hidden cables behind walls, and long cable runs measured in feet or miles. Without restrictions, the new technology infrastructure can easily be installed and ready to be used. Current growth concerning network communication technology in the enterprise communication environment has resulted in widespread deployment of numerous products that cover only a small part of the total mobile and WLAN infrastructure required. The WLAN industry has experienced phenomenal increase over the past ten years. The U.S. wireless industry posted revenue of $40 billion in 1999, according to the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association...
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...portability. Benefits: Faster - More bandwidth using LTE Mobile - More convenience, accessible, and portable. Secure - By using a wireless connection with our existing Virtual Private Network (VPN), we can maximize security. Return on Investment - With this LTE implementation the return on investment would be significantly higher when compared to a wired backbone network. Business Solution with Technical Specifications We plan to use a customized LTE solution that connects mobile devices back to the main infrastructure. In order to do this we plan to use a Health Information Exchange (HIE) solution from Verizon Wireless. This solution allows doctors and physicians to access and make changes to their patients records from anywhere with cellular signal. Using this solution we can be confident that the data will be transferred on a secure network using a VPN architecture to tie back in with the hospital's main infrastructure. With the new LTE...
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...A Low-Cost Efficient Wireless Architecture for Rural Network Connectivity 1 Introduction Many rural regions around the world, especially in developing regions, do not have good connectivity solutions which are economically viable. As a result, many of these regions remain disconnected from both the rest of the world and from progress in general. In this proposal, I will describe the design of WiFi-based Rural Extensions (WiRE), a new wireless network architecture that can provide connectivity to rural regions at extremely low costs. The WiRE architecture is tailored for the typical rural landscape in several developing regions, in which the population is spread across small but scattered rural regions (less than 1-2 sq kms) within 100-200 kms of the city. WiRE is designed to be a wireless distribution network that extends connectivity from the city to each village. The WiRE architecture has largely been inspired by my prior work on WiFi-based Long Distance (WiLD) Networks [42, 62, 35, 54, 64, 34], a low cost point-to-point network connectivity solution that provides very high bandwidth (typically 6− 10 Mbps) over very long-distances. While prior work on WiLD networks [48, 5, 42, 62, 35] has made significant progress in the design of highperformance MAC layer solutions, we still lack a vision of how to design a comprehensive, low-cost, rural connectivity architecture that can efficiently support a wide-range of applications. It is this goal that I wish to achieve...
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...WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Contents Page No 1. Dedication…………………………………………………………..01 2. Background…………………………………………………………02 3. Acknowledgement………………………………………………….03 4. Abstract.....................................................................................…….04 5. Introduction………………………………………………….….. 05 6. Introduction to Technology……………………………….……. 06 7. Introduction to Wireless Communication……………….……….06 8. Definition of Wireless………………………………………..……..07 9. Wireless Communication Model……………………………..……07 10. Wireless Communication Technologies……………………..……08 11. Wireless Usage……………………………………………..……….10 12. Wireless Security…………………………………………..……….10 13. Security about……………………………………………….……...11 14. Role of Security…………………………………………………….11 15. Wireless Devices…………………………………………….……...13 16. Wireless Prices……………………………………………….……..14 17. Wireless Devices Availability………………….…………………..14 18. Wireless Devices Manufacturers………………………….………14 19. Wireless Service Companies………………………………………15 20. Conclusion…………………………………………………………..15 21. Reference……………………………………………………………16 Dedication We dedicate this project to our loving parents whose prayers are always with us. Furthermore, We confer this project to all the teachers in our whole educational...
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...connects to the wired network is called the “Access Point”. Each client that communicates with the access point must have a wireless PCMCIA card. Once both devices communicate via radio transmission, network access can begin. Each client is configured to communicate with a single access point. A client can move from one access point to another. Roaming from access point to access point (cell to cell), similar to cellular telephone technology, is possible. Technology Discussion There are three wireless technology standards on the market today: Bluetooth, 802.11b, and 802.11a. A new standard, 802.11g, was recently approved by IEEE and products using this technology are expected to be released later this year (3Q). Bluetooth was the first wireless technology to the market. It operates at a frequency of 2.4 GHz (ISM band) using the Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) modulation method. Bluetooth can transmit data at 700 Kbps at a range of 300 feet indoors. It was primarily intended for “device-to-device” communication as opposed to wireless networking,...
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...Pros and cons of cellular networks Pros: Increased efficiency and improved data communications lead to faster transfer of information within businesses and between partners and customers. They have better coverage because wireless technology enables the user to communicate while on the go. You don't need extra cables or adaptors to access office networks. Flexibility- Office-based wireless workers can be networked without sitting at dedicated computers, and can continue to do productive work while away from the office. This can lead to new styles of working, such as home working or direct access to corporate data while on customer sites. Cost savings-Wireless networks can be easier and cheaper to install, especially in listed buildings or in apartments. Better opportunities-Wireless networking could allow you to offer new products or services. Most airports, train stations, hotels, cafes and restaurants have installed 'hot spot' wireless networking services to allow mobile users to connect their equipment to their 'home' offices while travelling. Cons: Security- Wireless transmission is more vulnerable to attack by unauthorized users, so you have to have better security. Installation problems- You may suffer interference if others in the same building also use wireless technology or where other sources of radio signals are present. This could lead to poor communication or loss of wireless communication altogether. Coverage- In some buildings getting consistent coverage can be...
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