...hose not only under its DD trademark, but also for famous designers like Yves St.Laurent, Nina Ricci and Chantal de Thomas.DD commanded a 30% to 40% market share in the high end hosiery segment. Operations Its operations were divided between two main sites – MERY PLANT, which had all children’s knitwear operations; and GRES COMPLEX, which had the company’s headquarters and central hosiery factory. Currently they are facing problem of high manufacturing lead time and high inventory. For e.g. in Mery Plant lead time is three months. This increases risk of forecasting and change in fashion. So they are changing current layout to cellular layout to decrease manufacturing lead time (MLT). Mery Plant- Knitwear operations In children’s knitwear division, the company is presently using a product and process design layout to do the operations in the production. In sewing operation they are using product layout. Sewing operation consist of 42 workers 55 machines. As an experiment they have designed one cell with 6 workers which resulted into decreased in MLT from 3 weeks to 1 day. They can make 6 such cells as they have 42 workers. PFD: Merry Plant Knitting (Lead Time: 2 weeks) Dyed Yarn Non Dyed Yarn Dyeing (Lead Time: 5 weeks) Cutting (Lead Time: 1 week) Sewing & Finishing (Lead Time: 3 weeks) Sewing operation For Previous layout: Labor content: 10 mins, Workers:...
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...Metabolism III: Oxidative Cellular Respiration Introduction Oxidative cellular respiration is composed of series metabolic processes that convert broken down food molecules into usable energy in the form of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). The process follows oxidation (catabolic) and reduction (anabolic) pathways. Processes involved are glycolysis, Krebs or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the electron transport chain. One step in the TCA cycle is the enzyme-catalyzed conversion of succinate to fumarate in a redox reaction. In intact cells succinate loses hydrogen ions and electrons to FAD to form fumarate. This step in the TCA cycle will be used to study the rate of cellular respiration under different conditions. (Patriquin, M. Rand, T. 2012). Since DPIP is a reducing dye it will absorb the hydrogen ions and electrons from the redox reaction of the TCA cycle between succinate and fumarate producing a discoloration of the dye. The discoloration is measured in percent transmittance of light over 30minutes at 5 minute intervals. The change in dye color is the associated with cellular respiration activity, and will be used to record the cellular respiration rate in mitochondria isolated from pulverized lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) and subsequent effects of different substrate concentration, pH, and metabolic inhibitors . If the difference of light percent transmission produced by (DPIP) can be recorded over time associated with the cellular respiration rate then...
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...56 Define the following terms: Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration) (2 points) Cellular respiration is the process by which cells get their energy in the form of ATP. There are two types of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration is more efficient and can be used in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration, or cell respiration using oxygen, uses the end product of glycolysis in the TCA cycle to produce more energy currency in the form of ATP than can be obtained from an anaerobic pathway. Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) (2 points) Fermentation is a metabolic process converting sugar to acids, gases or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, but also in oxygen-starved human muscle cells. Fermentation is used by humans to make beer and food, like kimchi. Fermentation is a form of anaerobic digestion that generates ATP by the process of substrate-level phosphorylation. Summarize what occurs during the three steps of cellular respiration and indicate where each process takes place in the cell. (6 points) Glycolysis: It is a process that occurs in the cytoplasm. It converts each molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvic acid. It refers to an anaerobic process that proceeds whether or not oxygen is present or not. The pyruvic acid diffuses into the inner compartment of the mitochondrion where a transition reaction occurs that starts to prepare pyruvic acid for the next stage of respiration. Krebs cycle-This is...
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...Cells of all organisms are capable in acquiring the energy necessary to fuel chemical reactions for growth, repair, survival, and reproduction. Photosynthesis & cellular respiration are the main pathways of energy flow in living things. Photosynthesis is a process by which plants and some other organisms convert, light energy from the sun, CO2 from the air & H2O from the earth, into chemical energy stored in molecules like glucose. Cellular respiration is a process in which O2 is delivered to cells in an organism & metabolic process in cells leads to the production of ATP by the breakdown of organic substances. Cellular Respiration is the process in which glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to supply a cell with energy. During cellular respiration the energy stored in organic molecules (glucose) may be released during cellular respiration. This energy is temporarily stored in ATP molecules. In many organisms, the process of cellular respiration is concluded in the mitochondria, in which ATP is produced more efficiently. Oxygen is used and carbon dioxide and water are released as wastes. Cellular respiration does not just occur in humans it occurs in all living things and is important to everything because it is vital. It provides us all with energy to perform work, everyday tasks and body functions. Thus in essence, Cell respiration is responsible for sustaining and maintaining life itself. Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy...
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...By having multiple productions plants globally, it is able to create flexibility and backup options should one of their plants fail to deliver when there is natural disasters or uncertainty within the country. During the Thailand floods, its production was greatly affected as its plants were shut down and unable to operate due to the damage caused by the flood. (Thailand was responsible for the production of 891,000 forecasted vehicles, one of the biggest in SEA). Due to the crippling of its plants in Thailand, Toyota has to scale back its productions in the rest of SEA due to issues faced while exporting certain parts from Thailand. The car maker estimates the disruption in the parts supply chain has affected about 100 kinds of parts. The overall output loss caused by the floods amounted to an estimate of 37,500 vehicles. ISSUES FACED: Toyota has to be prepared for unforeseeable circumstances such as natural disasters. As shown, during the Thailand floods in 2011, its production was scaled back by 37,500 vehicles. Backup supplies from its other branches around the world creating the same vehicle parts could be supplied to SEA during this period to alleviate the burden faced by the plants in Thailand. OPINION: Safety is one of Toyota’s key concerns and also selling point. This must be ensured from the various parts that make the car, from the start to the end. It is understandable that Toyota decided to specialize each plant so that they can be focused on what they produce...
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... |12 |13 |12 |12 | Purpose The purpose of this lab was to investigate the relationship of light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis. Introduction This lab was conducted to examine the two biological processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis is a process that uses carbon dioxide, water and energy to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular Respiration is the reverse process of photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration uses the glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. These become the main source of food and energy for the plants and animals. The basis of the relationship between plants and animals is that they have a co-dependency upon each other because they are both making something the other needs. Hypothesis or Predicted Outcome I hypothesize that the production of gas will continue to increase as the light intensity amount increases. Methods Under controlled experiential conditions we observed to see what changes occur in nature as the light source intensity is increased during the in cellular respiration process (Gnaigner, Steinlechner-Maran, Mendez & Margreiter, 1995). Ocean water was placed in a glass bowl, rocks and a seaweed...
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...out over a co-worker * 10 votes to dismiss Foreman Edward George The workers are the most important asset to the company, so their interest should be first. Second, you have to figure out what to do about the votes to dismiss Ed George. Solutions: Talk to Ed George about his problems with his co-workers. Hold a meeting and get even more workers involved in the voting process, the take another vote. Item#4 Problems: * Overloading which can result in interruption of electrical power. * Not being reachable for Southern Power Solution: Contact Southern Power ASAP. See if they could come out and help with the problem. Item#5 Problem: * Balancing your work and his until Wednesday * Upping production by mid December in the long run Upping production would be the most important problem, because it’s long term. Balancing your work load is just something you have to do until your boss gets back. Solution: Schedule your...
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...* 1. DORE’ DORE’ A STUDY ON IMPLEMENTING THE CELLULAR DESIGN PROCESS IN THE ORGANISATION. * 2. Background Dore Dore was established by Jean Baptiste in 1819 It was the world class manufacturer of fashionable knitted products Its hosiery division produced socks and stockings for men, women and children & accounted for 88% of DD’s sales Its knitwear division produced a line of children's knitwear such as play clothes, sweaters and nightclothes. It focused on both quality and fashion It produced hose not only under its DD trademark, but also for famous designers. DD commented a 30% to 40% market share in this segment One of DD’s competitive strengths was its superior customer service for hosiery. * 3. Operations & Problems & Planning. Its operations were divided between two main sites – MERY PLANT, which encompasses all children’s knitwear operations; and GRES COMPLEX, which encompasses the company’s headquarters and central hosiery factory. Each season DD produced each style in two seasons in hosiery and preset production for Knitwear division. Forecasts were uncertain; all production took place before observing consumers demand in Hosiery Division. High inventory costs were incurred. Many items were left unsold. The company wanted to get into Cellular Design Layout for better Production And Operational Utilization. (for instance Part A & Part B shown below) * 4. COMPANY’S DESIGN LAYOUT (Part A) In children’s knitwear division, the company is using presently...
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...6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food Muscles in action. Sprinters, like all athletes, depend on cellular respiration to power their muscles. CHAPTER CONTENTS Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere 92 Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy 94 Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy 101 CHAPTER THREAD Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE What Causes Muscle Burn? EVOLUTION CONNECTION Life before and after Oxygen 91 102 103 Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters Track-and-field athletes usually have a favorite event in which they excel. Some runners specialize in sprints of 100 or 200 meters. Others excel at longer races of 1,500, 5,000, or even 10,000 m. It is unusual to find a runner who competes equally well in both 100-m and 10,000-m races; most runners are more comfortable running races of particular lengths. It turns out that there is a biological basis for such preferences. The muscles that move our legs contain two main types of muscle fibers: slow-twitch and fast-twitch. Slow-twitch muscle fibers can contract many times over a longer period but don’t generate a lot of quick power for the body. They perform better in endurance exercises requiring slow, steady muscle activity, such as marathons. Fast-twitch muscle fibers can contract more quickly and powerfully than slow-twitch fibers but also...
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...The Role of Polysaccharides and Monosaccharides in Metabolism and Their Rate of Carbon Dioxide Produced During Fermentation Abstract Fermentation is the metabolization of sugars with carbon dioxide being produced as a result. Using yeast to ferment different types of sugars, we tested the rate of carbon dioxide production. Our findings of sucralose producing a slower rate of carbon dioxide than glucose during fermentation, are supported by the fact that polysaccharides are harder to break down than monosaccharides. Polysaccharides are complex sugars, or chains of monosaccharides, so they are harder and take longer to be broken down and metabolized. Introduction Glycemic Index is described by how fast your body converts the carbohydrates...
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...Name _______________________________________ Date ______________ Biology Keystone Exam Preparation Cellular Respiration 1. A biological process that occurs in both plants and animals is shown below. Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process? A. Row 1 B. Row 2 C. Row 3 D. Row 4 Base your answers to questions 2 & 3 on the diagrams below and your knowledge of biology. The arrow below each lettered process indicates where the process takes place. 2. Process A is known as A. photosynthesis C. dehydration synthesis B. fermentation D. aerobic respiration 3. Glucose is a product of A. process A, only C. process B and process C B. process B, only D. process A and process C 4. Which statement best compares the energy transformations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? A. Only photosynthesis uses oxygen to create energy. B. Only photosynthesis causes an increase in kinetic energy. C. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both store energy in chemical bonds. D. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both require chemical energy to make food. 5. A student prepared a test tube containing yeast, glucose, and water. After 24 hours, the test tube was analyzed for the presence of several substances. What substance would the student expect to find if respiration occurred in the test tube? A. a...
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...1. Evaluate the changes Dore-Dore has made in its children's knitwear division. How does the performance of the traditional operations and the cellular manufacturing system differ? For example, how does work-in-process inventory change when cells are implemented? Traditional Operations: Under traditional operations, Doré-Doré’s production batch size in sewing, on average, was 200 pieces of the same style and color, with an average of eight different sizes within a batch. The knitwear sewing contained 55 sewing machines installed and was staffed by 42 workers (Exhibit 7). The additional machines were either specialty machines used for occasional operations or extra machines used in periods of peak demand. The sewing machine operators worked eight hours per day, five days per week. Sewing an average knitwear garment took 10 minutes of actual labor. Cellular Manufacturing: Cellular manufacturing significantly reduced many types of waste present in the traditional sewing process and resulted in delivery time falling from 15 days to 1 day. Given a flow rate of 2,000 garments per day work-in-progress fell from 30,000 to 2,000 units, improving annual work-in-process turns from 16X to 240X. According to Exhibit 4, the work-in-progress inventory fell by an estimated 1.23FF million and holding costs by 275,000FF . Comparison: The grid layout by machine type of the traditional system took no account of garment dependent workflow variability and resulted in the unnecessary movement of...
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...Focused Layout) * Children Knitwear cellular setup (Process – Focused Layout) Traditional Operations: Yam & Fabric supplier – 2.5 months – average lead time Knitting – throughput time – 80 hrs Dyeing – 5 weeks – average lead time Cutting – 40 hrs – throughput time Sewing and finishing – 120 hrs – throughput time Lead time & Throughput time – batch size = 200 units Bottle neck operation is sewing & finishing. Work in progress calculations: Units progress / day = 2000 units Through put time = 15 days WIP = 2000 *15=30000 Units No of workers = 42 WIP/worker = 30000/42=720 units Cellular operations Work in progress calculations Units progress / days = 2000 units Through put time = 1 days WIP = 2000*1= 2000 units No of works = 42 WIP/worker=2000/42=48 units Cycle time = throughput time /work in progress Traditional operations: 3*5*8*60/720=10 mins Cellular operations: 1*8*60/48=10 mins Hence we can infer that output per worker remains the same. 2. How does the performance of the traditional operation and cellular manufacturing system differ? (E.g. how Work in Process Inventory changes when cells are implemented? Throughput time (sewing & finishing): Traditional: 15 days / Cellular operation: 1 day No of sewing machines required: Traditional opert. 55 / Cellular operation: 84 Capital on machines: Traditional : Low / Cellular operation: High Average price of sewing machine: Traditional: 55*55000=3025000 ff / Cellular operation: 84*55000=4620000 ff Work...
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...hose not only under its DD trademark, but also for famous designers like Yves St.Laurent, Nina Ricci and Chantal de Thomas.DD commanded a 30% to 40% market share in the high end hosiery segment. Operations Its operations were divided between two main sites – MERY PLANT, which had all children’s knitwear operations; and GRES COMPLEX, which had the company’s headquarters and central hosiery factory. Currently they are facing problem of high manufacturing lead time and high inventory. For e.g. in Mery Plant lead time is three months. This increases risk of forecasting and change in fashion. So they are changing current layout to cellular layout to decrease manufacturing lead time (MLT). Mery Plant- Knitwear operations In children’s knitwear division, the company is presently using a product and process design layout to do the operations in the production. In sewing operation they are using product layout. Sewing operation consist of 42 workers 55 machines. As an experiment they have designed one cell with 6 workers which resulted into decreased in MLT from 3 weeks to 1 day. They can make 6 such cells as they have 42 workers. PFD: Merry Plant Knitting (Lead Time: 2 weeks) Dyed Yarn Non Dyed Yarn Dyeing (Lead Time: 5 weeks) Cutting (Lead Time: 1 week) Sewing & Finishing (Lead Time: 3 weeks) Sewing operation For Previous layout: Labor content: 10 mins, Workers:...
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...Biology SCIE206-1401B-08 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration make one large cycle that sustains life on earth. Through photosynthesis the suns energy is constantly being transformed into glucose, which is a chemical energy. Respiration is the chemical activity that occurs in all plants and animal cells that release the energy from the glucose. Photosynthesis cannot exist with cellular respiration, they are completely linked together in providing the energy through the food we eat. Cloud, D (2012). Photosynthesis and cellular respiration have an inverse relationship, they are opposite of each other. Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon dioxide is converted into compounds from the sunlight. The most frequent compound being glucose (sugar). Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. Editorial Board (2014). Cellular respiration, in contrast takes the glucose (sugar) and other compounds oxidizing them to created carbon dioxide. Each cycle depends on the other in order for the completion to take place. The complete cycle ensures that life continues to exist, both being necessary for living organisms. Cloud, D. (2012). Photosynthesis is a natural process that provides all aerobic creatures on eth with oxygen. Without photosynthesis, humans would not be able to exist. Photosynthesis maintains the natural amount of oxygen in the air. It provides oxygen for life and the process of cellular respirations. Photosynthesis releases oxygen as a byproduct...
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