...Whenever I hear the word respiration I think of the word ‘respire’. Respire is breathing, us, as humans we need to breathe. Every time we breathe we take in oxygen and we exhale carbon dioxide. In this lab the topic was about cellular respiration. The lab is to investigate fermentation in respiration. Cellular respiration is a process an organism goes through to obtain energy, ATP [adenosine triphosphate]. Oxygen is then reacted with glucose which results in water, carbon dioxide and ATP. Every organism goes through some type of respiration but only animal cells undergo cellular respiration. For this lab we came up with a question, what environmental conditions are optimum for alcoholic fermentation? What temperature ranges? Our hypothesis was, higher temperature will accelerate the production of carbon dioxide between honey and yeast....
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...Cellular Respiration Ben Gipson BIO 1400 Exercise 6.1 Alcoholic fermentation is a metabolic pathway used primarily by yeast and some bacteria. In fermentation, glucose is broken down into ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide. In the process, some of the energy that had been stored in the glucose bonds is used to form high energy bonds in ATP. Name some factors that affect enzyme activity. Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration Materials: yeast, test tubes, beakers, rubber stoppers, wax pencil, water, corn syrup Procedure: 1. You will need to have three fermentation setups, so you should have six large test tubes, three pieces of plastic tubing that have been inserted into rubber stoppers, and three beakers (400 or 600 mL). Using a wax pencil, label three of the test tubes 1, 2, and 3 and set them aside. Assemble the setups one at a time following steps 2-7. 2. Fill a tub or sink with hot water. 3. Insert the end of the plastic tubing into one of the test tubes. This tube will be the CO2 collection tube. Submerge the collection tube and plastic tubing in the tub of hot water. 4. Submerge the beaker. Place the collection tube in the beaker in an inverted position. 5. Bring the beaker out of the water. One end of the plastic tubing should still be inserted in the collection tube. Hold up the other end of the tubing (the one with the rubber stopper on it) so that the water won’t be siphoned out. Setting up the CO2 collection...
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...Cellular respiration is where stored energy is extracted from food, specifically glucose, through a process of metabolic reactions. This process begins in the cytoplasm with glycolysis, which breaks down 1 molecule of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate. Next, it goes to pyruvate oxidation (occurs in the mitochondrial matrix) where it takes the 2 pyruvates and oxidizes it to make the products of 2 acetyl CoA, 2 molecules of CO₂, and 2 NADH. Then it continues onto the citric acid cycle which goes through a series of catalyzing enzyme reactions and since there are 2 pyruvates, the total products are 4 CO₂, 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂, and 2 ATP. Finally, in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, the electrons from NADH and FADH₂ is utilized in the electron transport chain (ETC). The 3 transmembrane proteins in ETC are used as hydrogen pumps while the 2 carrier molecules allow transporting of electrons between hydrogen pumps. Also, oxygen ends up being the final electron acceptor in this process. Eventually, the hydrogen ions flow down their...
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...Cellular Respiration Lab Report Purpose The purpose of this lab was to find out which substance, molasses, sucrose, or the items of choice. This experiment was done to help the students understand which substance the yeast could perform cellular respiration in and why it could depending on it’s structure and bonds. From this experiment students should be able to better understand cellular respiration and why it occurs, like how it happens and how the organism benefits from cellular respiration. Also it should be understood what substances cellular respiration occurs on more easily and which substances take longer, and why that is because of what they are composed of. Hypotheses For this experiment there were two substances to be brought in and experimented with, substances that were tried were pure honey and water. 1). 50 ml of pure honey will produce 10 cm of carbon dioxide. 2). 25 ml of pure honey diluted with 25 ml of water will produce 7 cm of carbon dioxide. Introduction There are two processes to remove energy, that is aerobic and anaerobic. Anaerobic is the process of fermentation and requires no oxygen. Aerobic is cellular respiration and requires oxygen. Going further into aerobic is the process of cellular respiration is the process which energy is removed in the form of ATP, this process requires oxygen and a food source. All Oxygen using organisms perform cellular respiration. There are 3 major steps to cellular respiration: 1). Glycolysis- It...
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...Student Sheet Name: AMALISE CUBERO Instructor’s Name: Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 1 Lab Report Title: Understanding the Scientific Method: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Instructions: Based on the virtual experiment, you will answer some questions and write a 1-page lab report using the scientific method. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. Using what you learned on the lab animation, answer the following questions: • Define a hypothesis that is suggested by the data that are collected in the lab. It was predicted that the intensity of light exposure that was given to the Pacific Ocean’s Seaweed, will increase the rate of photosynthesis however none the less but at a specific moment of exposure it will not yield to a quicker process. The goal is to figure out what moment in time this would be and if this is a repeatable conducive. • What effect does the intensity of light have on the rate of photosynthesis (measured as the number of oxygen bubbles)? • The Hypotheses given in the lab shows the increase in light concentration, an accelerated photosynthesis process went on with the 0-watts to 100-watts. The average number of bubbles in the 0 watt study was 2 bubbles in 1 hour. After the increase of a 25 watts had went up to 5 bubbles in the 1hour. With the increase of another 25 watts equaling to 50 watts now the number of bubbles increased once again to 11 bubbles...
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...Course: Bio 102 Instructor: Marina Yoffe Assignment: Lab report (Introduction and discussion) Introduction The way in which different organisms acquire oxygen in exchange for carbon dioxide has truly evolved. The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen is essential for the survival of organisms that need to produce the energy molecule ATP through the process of cellular respiration. Respiration (breathing) is the way organisms exchange gases with their environment (White and Campo 2004). During cellular respiration organisms break down energy rich macromolecules such as starch to make ATP in a chemical reaction where oxygen and water is involved (Ege R. and A. Krogh 1914).The use of oxygen is very important; therefore the efficient acquisition of oxygen is very necessary for an animal’s survival. Depending on what type of organism is involved, our sources of oxygen are different and occur through diffusion. Terrestrial animals obtain oxygen through the air while organisms living in water depend on the oxygen from the water. Unlike terrestrial animals, the amount of oxygen for animals living in water is limited based on the amount of oxygen that has dissolved in the water. Since an adequate amount of oxygen is necessary, animals developed respiratory organs to help them ventilate and obtain as much oxygen from their respected sources as possible (W.C and R. Oesting 1934). One organism that has developed an efficient way of acquiring oxygen is fish. Fish use a counter-current exchange...
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...Jamie Morris Biology 101 Dr. Siddiqui April 13, 2016 Cellular Respiration Lab Report Cells can’t grow, reproduce, maintain order or transport materials without a steady source of energy. In most organisms, the energy is provided by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In order to for these cells to reach their energy demands they must constantly produce ATP. In this lab, we will observe evidence for respiration in mealworms and investigate the effects of different temperatures and experimental variables such as caffeine, nicotine and DEET. The background information includes using nicotine and caffeine, which act lie insecticides. It also found in the soil of these plants. In humans it not only stimulants the central nervous system but increases our heart rate, blood pressure and makes us more alert. Ethanol comes from plants sugars and found in beer, wine and liquor. When humans drink too much they become impaired and their thought process in slowed down. Temperature is also an important factor for all living things environment. Improper temperature can affect interactions between enzyme and its substrate. DEET is a topical insect repellent. It locks insect’s sense of smell. Hypothesis Respiration rate will increase or decrease depending on the temperature Materials and Equipment 12 Beetle larvae Pasco Xplorer portable data logger nicotine ethanol DEET AC power Adapter for data logger forceps caffeine cotton balls Pasco C02 sensor ...
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...Yeast Culture Lab Introduction Yeast is a one-celled, microscopic organism, which is part of the fungi kingdom. Yeasts do not make up a single group (Smith & Smith, 2012). Yeasts use organic material as a means of making energy, which make them chemoorganotrophs (Smith & Smith, 2012). Carbon is procured primarily from hexose sugars, such as fructose and glucose. Yeast need either oxygen for aerobic cellular respiration or for species that are anaerobic, but also have aerobic methods creating energy (Smith & Smith, 2012). There are no species of yeast species that are known to grow only anaerobically. Yeasts thrive in an environment with a slightly acidic (Smith & Smith, 2012). The reproductive cycle of yeasts can be either asexual or sexual depending on the species. The most widely seen method of growth in yeast is asexual reproduction referred to as budding (Smith & Smith, 2012). Reproduction in reference to yeast depends on the species; the species can be both asexual by mitosis and sexual by budding (Smith & Smith, 2012). Consumption refers to use and the rate of use of something such as how a consumer, such as a primary consumer like a tree would use photosynthesis to make energy from carbon dioxide. Death in reference to a population is referring to the rate of death in that population (Smith & Smith, 2012). Hypothesis The primary goal of the yeast culture lab is to test a theory involving samples of yeast cultures grown...
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...Group Members:Edna Rodriguez, Bryce Bash, Alex Chick, Kang Park, Rose Date: 4/3/14 LI Jonathan Turner Unique 49190 Day: Thursday Room: 1.24 Lab Start Time 1:30pm Exercise 10 Lab Report Adhere to UT’s Honor Code and course policies. Answer group questions individually first before compiling them into one consensus group response. Individual questions are to be answered independently. Balance between brevity and completeness. Show your work for all calculations and be sure to include proper units where necessary. Any secondary resources need to be cited. One printed report is to be submitted at the START of your next laboratory period as well as a digital pdf version uploaded to Canvas. GROUP QUESTIONS 1. List the functions of the following external structures: (3 pts.) (a.) Chelapeds: large walking appendages of a crayfish; appendages allow the crayfish to grasp and tear food, and also defend itself (b.) Walking legs: the 4 pairs of appendages used to locomote in the crayfish, they are equipped with gills which allows for gas exchange (taking in oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide) (c:.) Maxillapeds: an appendage modified for feeding: holding food, touching and tasting (d.) Cephalothorax: the first segment of a crayfish, consisting of a head fused to the thorax (e.) Genital pore: location of where sperm or eggs are released (f.) Nephridiopore: Part of the excretory system for removing nitrogenous waste. (g.) Abdomen: the multi-segmented posterior region of the crayfish used...
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...The Effect of Different Types of Sugar on Respiration in Yeast INTRODUCTION: Yeast is living bacteria that uses in baking to make dough rise through the process of fermentation. For fermentation to occur yeast requires fuel in the form of sugar. The yeast reaction varies depending upon the type of sugar use. AIM: To determine the effect of different types of sugar (Maltose, Lactose and Glucose) have on the respiration rate of yeast. HYPOTHESIS If the type of sugar changed (Maltose, Lactose and Glucose), the amount of carbon dioxide created (bubbles) will then increase because sugar needed for respiration to occur. But, I think Maltose + Yeast will produce more bubbles than other two types of sugar because maltose is the largest sugar in all types of sugar which I am going to do on. Glucose will come into a second place and the least will be Lactose. VARIABLES * INDEPENDENT VARIABLE The independent is type of sugar. I will change it by putting different types of sugar into the water which the yeast would be placed in. * DEPENTDENT VARIABLE The dependent is the amount of bubbles collected from the over a certain amount of time. Rate = CO2/Time * CONTROL VARIABLE 1. Amount of yeast(5 grams) 2. Temperature (50C) 3. Amount of time (1 minute) 4. Amount of sugar (100ml) 5. Concentration (5%) MATERIALS: -Yeast (5 grams) -Sugar (Maltose, Lactose and Glucose 100ml each) -Hot water (50C) -Water bath -Beaker (2) -Delivery Tube -Tissue ...
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...Student Sheet Name: Cheryl R Logsdon Date: September 4, 2015 Instructor’s Name: Christopher Haines Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 2 Lab Report Title: Animal and Plant Cell Structures Instructions: Your lab report will consist of the completed tables. Label each structure of the plant and animal cell with its description and function in the provided tables. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. 1. Animal cell: Observe the diagram that shows the components of an animal cell. Using the textbook and virtual library resources, fill in the following table: Animal Cell Number Cell Structure Description and Function 1 Chromatin (DNA) The primary functions are to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit the cell, to enforce DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis, to prevent DNA damage, and to control gene expression and DNA replications 2 Nucleolus The largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells where it primarily serves as the site of ribosome synthesis and assembly. 3 Nucleus The nucleus is basically the command center of the cell, it controls eating, movement, and reproduction. 4 Nuclear Pore Are large protein complexes that serve as the pathways for exchange of the materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm 5 Nuclear Envelope A highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. 6 Centrioles Self-replicating organelles made up of nine bundles...
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...Bodybuilding Anaerobic Exercise & Respiration, Muscular Growth and Supplement Intake Ajay Sabhaney, Carlen Ng, Di Wu, Kelei Xu Bodybuilding Page 1 of 59 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Body & Muscle Groups a. Muscle Growth b. Physical & Psychological Benefits of Exercising 3. Weight Training: Anaerobic Exercise Mechanics & Impact on Muscle Growth a. Energy Transformations During an Exercise b. Investigating Torque in Weight Training c. Muscles Acting as Levers d. Impulse in Weight Training e. Intensity versus Speed 4. Protein Supplementation a. Protein supplementation b. Combining Protein Supplementation 5. Cellular Respiration & Effect on Weight Training a. Glycolysis b. Aerobic Respiration c. Anaerobic Respiration (inc. lactic acid) d. Carbohydrate Loading 6. Creatine Supplementation a. An Introduction b. Lab: Effect of Phosphocreatine on Lactic Acid 7. Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids a. Reactions within the Body involving steroids b. Side Effects of Steroid Intake c. Detecting Steroids in the Human Body 8. Conclusion 9. Works Cited 10. Miscellaneous Bodybuilding Page 2 of 59 I. Introduction Exercise (essentially any form of physical exertion which results in the contraction of a muscle) has become a widespread interest over the past several years, especially in areas of weight training. While exercise is generally intended to promote good physical health, bodybuilding more specifically concentrates on building muscle mass and many individuals in society...
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...LAB6_AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC GROWTH As humans, we are accustomed to thinking that oxygen is essential to life. Microorganisms, however, are quite adaptable and diverse and vary considerably in their oxygen requirements. Some bacteria require oxygen; some can grow with or without it and some are actually killed by oxygen. Bacteria are generally classified into three main groups with respect to oxygen: 1. Obligate aerobes: Like humans, these organisms have an absolute requirement for oxygen. Because aerobic metabolism generates the toxic byproduct hydrogen peroxide, obligate aerobes must produce the enzyme catalase which breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas. 2. Obligate anaerobes: Not only do these organisms not require oxygen, they are often killed in its presence. Because anaerobic metabolism does not generate hydrogen peroxide, obligate anaerobes generally do not produce catalase. The causative agent of botulism, Clostridium botulinum is an obligate anaerobe. Since the canning process removes the air, Clostridium botulinum can grow in inadequately sterilized canned foods. This isn't normally a problem in fresh foods since they are exposed to air. 3. Facultative anaerobes: These organisms will use oxygen in their metabolism if it is available, but can also grow without oxygen. Again, since aerobic metabolism generates hydrogen peroxide, they produce catalase. E. coli, which is normal flora of the intestine, is an example of a facultative...
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...| Syllabus College of Natural Science BIO/100 Version 2 Introduction to Life Science with Lab | Copyright © 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course applies a broad, conceptual understanding of biology. Students are introduced to scientific ideologies and concepts that not only shape the biological world, but also shape humans. Students examine the scientific method, evolution and biodiversity, the biology of cells, physiology, the dynamics of inheritance, and the effect humans have on the environment. The text emphasizes methods and the theoretical foundations of ideas, while minimizing isolated facts. It stresses the integration of ideas, making connections that form an understanding of the living world. The weekly online labs add a practical component to the class. The labs build upon the concepts in the text and offer a chance to interact with the material and further their understanding. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have...
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...CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF CANINE DESTEMPER ; A CASE REPORT ABSTRACT; A one year old laboradar dog was presented with the history of diarrhea,vomiting ,convulsions with evident nervous signs.Temperature was taken that showed fever of 104*F. The animal was depressed and anorexic.scanty nasal discharge, hyperkeratinisation of foot pad and serous occular discharge were also seen.On the basis of clinical signs and disease history it was diagnosed that dog is suffering from canine distemper disease.After that animal was treated symptomaticaly. KEY WORDS; canine distemper, nervous signs, hyperkeratinisation. INTRODUCTION; Canine distemper is viral disease of dogs which is highly contagious....
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