...Censorship of the Internet – a detriment or a necessity? Kelly Chan A research paper for Matthew Mansour in response to: Throughout the world there has been an increase in discussions regarding “Censorship of the Internet, explain how Censorship can work in some instances but in others it can be a detriment to society. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 What is Censorship? 3.1 Self Censorship 3.2 Censorship as Protection 1.0 Introduction The Internet has undoubtedly developed into the biggest source of global information and media since its modest inception in the late 1960’s. With the increasing ease of worldwide access due to cheaper methods of producing technology and education, bridging the digital divide. However, Government censorship and regulation of access to certain content available on the internet in various countries has raised issues about whether it is effective, regarding each country’s purpose in imposing censorship and whether it is detrimental to the growth in knowledge and progress of society. In this research paper, the role of Censorship in society and the inherent need for appropriate regulation of different levels of access to available information, based on morals and the responsibility we have to the younger generation to protect them from unsuitable content is discussed along with the technology we have to ensure this. The varying degrees of censorship between China and Australia will also...
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...Art, Creativity and Freedom ''Art for Art's Sake'' view orginating from the early 19th century is a French slogan. It is also the slogan of Aesthetic Movement. Its original is ''l'art pour l'art'' in French. It appeared as a reaction to '' Art for Poeple's Sake'' view and its claims about art's being didactic, directive and morally appropriate. According to the this idea, purifying art from didactic, moral or utilitarian factors is necessary.The supporters argue that art has no certain aim and the artist has no certain duty. They want to isolate art from everything that borders art's freedom and originality. They think that to educate people is not the job of the artist's. The artist should only focus on improving his creativity, originality and art. Briefly, they argue that the "Art for Art’s Sake" view sets the artists free, and enables them to be more creative in art, it helps their pieces of art being purified from the restricted doctrines of ordinary life.Edgar Allan Poe, Théophile Gautier, Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde are some of the important followers of ''Art for Art's Sake'' view. Albert Guérard summarizes and describes the "Art for Art's Sake" notion by saying that: As a faith, Art for Art's sake is a form of mysticism. It implies that Art is a direct revela-tion. The poet - and by that word we mean the creator, whatever his medium may be - acknowledges no authority but his own inspiration. His art is a law unto itself, for it transcends the laws of ...
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...the 21st Century Introduction Comic books have been published for over 75 years with a varied subject matter including superhumans, gods, soldiers, historical events and animals. Originally conceived as a child’s reading fodder, comics have evolved beyond the original audience. A recent study found that over 98% of comic book readers are over the age of 18. (Pantozzi, 2012) No longer an art form exclusively for children, comics have been the target of many censorship attacks. With the advent of 21st century technology, comic books have evolved and the criticisms have evolved with them. Newer challenges to this form of speech can sometimes be overwhelming, but there are many organizations which are focused on protecting these freedoms. These are the digital freedom fighters. They are a safeguard against the rising censorship and regulation of free speech. Banning books and other forms of media is a not a new practice, but digital media has changed the censorship methods. With new censorship, new bypasses have also been developed such as different means of disbution. The legal embattlements have also greatly shifted. Laptop, websites and other digital means are now central to the...
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...Marts, 2011 Line-item budgeting and film production – Exploring some benefits of constraints on creativity and aesthetic value creation Thomas Frandsen, Ivar Friis, and Allan Hansen*) Solbjerg Plads 3 2000 Frederiksberg Copenhagen Business School Denmark *) Corresponding author: ah.om@cbs.dk Early work – Please do not quote without the permission from the authors Paper to be presented at the workshop on Creativity and Control Sponsored by Accounting Organizations and Society 4–5 April 2011, Barcelona, Spain Abstract: This paper explores the role of budgeting in the Danish film industry and seeks to illustrate the positive effects a line-budget might have on the creativity and innovativeness in film production. In our analysis we provide illustrative examples of the enabling and facilitating role of budget constraints on film production from the Danish film industry in general as well as from a case study of the process of making the Danish film “The Island of Lost Souls” in particular. We draw on Elster (2000)’s constraint theory and suggest that the constraints imposed on agents by line-item budgeting under some circumstances lead to situations where ‘less is more’ as line-item budgeting might be used to focus creative behavior as well as pre-commit the agent against passion and time inconsistency. 1 I. Introduction The dysfunctional consequences of constraints imposed by budgets on agents dealing with uncertain, complex or dynamic organizational...
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...continue to have a greater impact on society. Therefore, computer ethics promotes the discussion of how much influence computers should have in areas such as artificial intelligence and human communication. As the world of computers evolves, computer ethics continues to create ethical standards that address new issues raised by new technologies. Computer Ethics is a part of practical philosophy which deals with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct.[1] Margaret Anne Pierce, a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Computers at Georgia Southern University has categorized the ethical decisions related to computer technology and usage into 3 primary influences: * 1. The individual's own personal code. * 2. Any informal code of ethical conduct that exists in the work place. * 3. Exposure to formal codes of ethics.[2] Contents [hide] * 1 Foundation * 2 History * 3 Internet Privacy * 4 Internet Control * 5 Computer Reliability * 6 Identifying issues * 7 Some questions in computer ethics * 8...
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...Chapter three Governmental and legal systems CHINA COMPLICATED RIS, BIG OPPORTUNITIES During its thirty years of communist rule, China prohibited foreign investment and restricted foreign trade. Then, China enacted the Law on Joint Ventures using Chinese and Foreign Investment in 1978. China’s subsequent transformation has been fueled by a landslide of foreign investments made in response to the country’s market potential, market performance, improved infrastructure, enormous resources, and strategic position. Frustrating this process, however, have been the politics of China’s elaborate bureaucracy, as well as its ill-defined legal system and pervasive corruption. Historically China has relied upon “the rule of man” and the belief that legal rights are derived from the power of the individual. Upon joining the WTO, China agreed to continue to reform its business environment and to move toward transparent, rules based, enforcement-oriented standards. But the business reality is far from the WTO obligations specifically in the continued controversy over the protection of intellectual property. Chinese enterprises are themselves becoming global investors, both by acquiring foreign firms and investing in foreign lands. INTRODUCTION For a multinational enterprise to succeed in countries with different political and legal environments, its management must carefully analyze the fit between its corporate policies and the political and legal conditions of each particular nation...
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...Freedom of Connection – Freedom of Expression: The Changing Legal and Regulatory Ecology Shaping the Internet by William H. Dutton Anna Dopatka Michael Hills Ginette Law and Victoria Nash Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford 1 St Giles Oxford OX1 3JS United Kingdom 19 August 2010 A report prepared for UNESCO’s Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNESCO or its Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. Preface As stated in its Constitution, UNESCO is dedicated to “Promoting the free flow of ideas by word and image”. Part of this mission, therefore, is to promote freedom of expression and freedom of the press through sensitization and monitoring activities, as a central element in building strong democracies, contributing to good governance, promoting civic participation and the rule of law, and encouraging human development and security. Media independence and pluralism are fostered by the Organization, providing advisory services on media legislation and sensitizing governments and parliamentarians, as well as civil society and relevant professional associations. However, UNESCO recognizes that the principle of freedom of expression must apply not only to traditional media, but also...
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...Karoline von Günderrode and Sincerity (conference version) Introduction In 1804, when asked why she published her work, Karoline von Günderrode wrote that she longed “mein Leben in einer bleibenden Form auszusprechen, in einer Gestalt, die würdig sei, zu den Vortreflichsten hinzutreten, sie zu grüssen und Gemeinschaft mit ihnen zu haben.”1 In light of such statements, it is perhaps not surprising if, despite some exceptions, much of the still relatively scant literature on Günderrode reads her works largely in terms of how they articulate and manifest Günderrode’s desires, frustrations, and character, for the most part ignoring their imaginary, creative, and intellectual aspects. This interpretation of the author’s works as biography is, in Günderrode’s case, often accompanied by an interpretation of her biography, particularly her suicide, as literary work. This paper is not the first to question the conflation of Günderrode’s life, death, and writing, but it is one of only a couple that aim to address the autopoietic element of Günderrode’s work in a way that does not reduce her writings to biographical and psychological expressions, or Günderrode herself to an image – or a legend – encapsulated by her writings and her relationship to them. This paper argues that Günderrode’s own position on what the self is has been largely neglected as a result of this conflation, and that taking this position into account changes how we understand Günderrode’s articulations of self in her...
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...University of Makati J.P. Rizal Extension, West Rembo, Makati City College of Business Administration Office Management Department CHAPTER 16: CHANGE, INNOVATION AND STRESS Submitted by: Balla, Micah P. Benaid, Domenica B. Celiz, Ma. Frea Mae F. Cristobal, Camille A. IV-BOM Submitted to: Prof. Liza A. Geneblazo-Rivera July 26, 2013 A.Y. 2013-2014 Organization needs change and innovate. Chapter 16 addresses the importance of change an innovation as well as the role of stress in modern workplace. Organizational Change Organizational change is about making alterations to the organization's purpose, culture, structure, and processes in response to seen or anticipated changes in the environment. Strategic management of change is all about identifying and embedding in the organization those changes that will ensure the long-term survival of the organization. A process in which a large company or organization changes its working methods or aims, in order to develop and deal with new situations or markets: Sometimes deep organizational change is necessary in order to maintain a competitive edge. EXAMPLE OF AN INDUSTRY BASED: THE NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS Industry associations pay significant roles in the newspaper industry at the national, regional, and global levels. They are particularly important to members because newspaper firms engage in little research and development on their own, have historically exhibited...
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...Trustees of Princeton University Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989 Author(s): Timur Kuran Source: World Politics, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Oct., 1991), pp. 7-48 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2010422 . Accessed: 26/02/2011 05:24 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=cup. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Cambridge University Press and Trustees of Princeton University...
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...OrContents Part III/ The usefulness of motivational theory for managers. 2 1. Distinction between Maslow’s Theory and Hertzberg’s Theory of motivation 2 2. Application for Manager 3 3. Apply to LG Electronics 4 Part IV. Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organizations 4 4.1. Explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisations. 4 A. Definition 4 1. Group and group behavior 4 2. Group norms 7 3. Group decision-making 8 4. Group contribution 10 5. Formal and Informal group 11 6. Advantages and disadvantages of informal organisation 12 B. Apply in LG Electronics: 13 4.2: The factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organizations 13 A: Definition 13 4.1.1: Inhibit the Group 14 4.1.2: Successful teamwork 16 B: Application for LGE 20 4.3 Evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within a given organization 22 A: Definition 22 4.3.1 The importance of technology in business 23 4.3.2 The important of technology in team 23 4.3.3. Virtual teams of technology 24 4.3.4 Critical Success Factors of Virtual Teams 26 B: Application 27 CONCLUSION 30 Part III/ The usefulness of motivational theory for managers. 1. Distinction between Maslow’s Theory and Hertzberg’s Theory of motivation | Maslow’s Theory of Motivation | Hertzberg’s Theory of Motivation | Meaning | Maslow’s theory is based on the concept of human needs and their satisfaction. | Hertzberg’s theory is based...
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...THE CONSEQUENCES OF MASS COMMUNICATION Cultural and Critical Perspectives on Mass Media and Society Kirk Hallahan ii For Jean and Jenna Copyright info to be set by McGraw-Hill. iii Foreward This book is a brief survey of contemporary ideas about the cultural impact of mass media on society. The use of consequences in the title reflects the fact that most cultural researchers prefer this term (instead of media effects) to describe media's influence on human experience. During the past 30 years, culture has emerged as a major theoretical framework in which to investigate media. Chapter I examines how media influence culture generally, as suggested by various contemporary media scholars and others. Chapter II then focuses on critical-cultural theories about the nature of media power and its potentially negative influence. This book can adopted as a supplementary text in introductory mass media courses along with a survey text such as Joseph R. Dominick's The Dynamics of Mass Communication (available from McGraw-Hill). It also can serve as a foundational text for other assigned readings in advanced courses dealing with mass media and society, communication theory, or cultural studies. Students are encouraged to focus thoughtfully on the main ideas, not attempt to merely memorize details. Important concepts and names appear in boldface and are defined in italics. The abridged Subject Index lists the page with the primary discussion of each topic. Sidebars throughout...
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...The Wealth of Networks The Wealth of Networks How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom Yochai Benkler Yale University Press New Haven and London Copyright _ 2006 by Yochai Benkler. All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. The author has made an online version of the book available under a Creative Commons Noncommercial Sharealike license; it can be accessed through the author’s website at http://www.benkler.org. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Benkler, Yochai. The wealth of networks : how social production transforms markets and freedom / Yochai Benkler. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-300-11056-2 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-300-11056-1 (alk. paper) 1. Information society. 2. Information networks. 3. Computer networks—Social aspects. 4. Computer networks—Economic aspects. I. Title. HM851.B457 2006 303.48'33—dc22 2005028316 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1...
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...Global Business Cultural Analysis: Argentina Brittnay Glover Liberty University Dr. John Karaffa October 16, 2015 ABSTRACT The Global Business Cultural Analysis of Argentina analyzes the cultural perspectives of doing business in Argentina. Additionally, the paper explores several scholar articles that are associated with the major elements and dimensions of the culture in the Latin American region, how these elements and dimensions integrated by locals conducting business in the nation, how the elements and dimensions compare with the United States culture and business. The paper outlines the communication in Argentina; verbal, non-verbal, communication style; the religion of Argentina, the business ethics of Argentina, the business values and attitudes in Argentina, the business environment in Argentina, social structure, customs, and the educational system of Argentina. The paper will allow the reader the opportunity to gain a wealth of knowledge on Argentina from various aspects. Additionally, the Global Business Cultural Analysis of Argentina provides knowledge on the implications for the United States businesses that are considering relocating to the country of Argentina and or the Latin American region. Global Business Cultural Analysis: Argentina Country Overview Argentina is a country geographically located in the continent of South America. Argentina is a vast country, encompassing most of the continent’s southern region between the Andes Mountains...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Is a multidisciplinary field of stduy that investigate show indidividuals behave within formal organizations. OB AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD (Campo) * Psychology: individuals, motivation, personality, attitudes, learning, goals, expectation, perceptions, cognition. * Sociology: groups, status, hierarchy, influence, trust, reciprocity, social identity, social networks. * Economics: perfromance, efficency, effectiveness, incentives, monitoring, coordination. * Political science: power, governance, negotation, politics. INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR Managers achieve results by working with and through others. The abilitiy to undestand, predicit and control individual behaviour in the absence of direct monitoring is one of the most important- but also difficult managerial skill to master. FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS A formal organization is a social system with specific goals and usually consisting of several interrelated groups of subunits. Formal organizations are governed by clearly stated and enforced norms that typically survive the churning (mescolare) of organizational members. PURPOSE OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR The purpose of organizational behaviour is to inform the optimal design(progettare) of the organizational strcture and processes to promote improvement in the satisfaction and productivity of oganizational members while increasing the efficency and effectiveness of the organization as a whole ( nel suo complesso). SATISFACTION...
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