.... China's censorship has grown tighter and tighter, over the years.China has Forever as long as there has been the internet have kept tight Control on the internet. The tighter censorship gets in China the harder it will be to get through The Great Firewall of China. China has blocked most internet resources like google firefox and other websites. Ever since there has been internet china has controlled and monitor how the Chinese citizens use the internet. That is a very hard task for a country that is the most populated country in the world estimating 1.4 billion citizens. When the internet was discovered in china around 1994, this was the time of president Jiang Zemin. He got the theory of censoring the internet from a book called Alvin...
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...For our groups final project topic we decided on Internet censorship in China. This topic in more detail looks at a variety of laws and administrative regulations formed by the government of China, which has caused Chinese citizens to be kept from the many areas of the internet that pertain to a specific idea or event. The government of China has directly blocked many events and topic from there citizens viewing, like, freedom of speech, democracy and Tiananmen Square protest. Also many foreign website have been blocked or restricted for use in China. We will be looking at these events that happen between the years of 2009-2103 that were related to the topic of China’s internet censorship. Some of these events we will be looking at is, the...
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...“Google-ing” China: An ethical analysis of Google’s censorship activities in the People’s Republic by Leonard T. Musielak Introduction The spread of the internet to all corners of the world has led to tremendous business opportunities for many American businesses. With these opportunities may also come many ethical dilemmas. When operating abroad, businesses are required to abide by the laws of the host country. For US companies operating in China and other countries with totalitarian regimes, this requirement may include actions that are viewed as unethical or illegal in the United States. These “expatriate” corporations must often choose to ignore the basic rights guaranteed to American citizens, and disregard their own corporate missions, in order to respect the foreign society’s mores and meet the government demands. While cooperating assures legality, the question remains is their compliance ethical? Case Background/Research Findings “The Great Firewall of China” With an email stating “Beyond the Great Wall, Joining the World,” China signed onto the internet in 1987. (Liange & Lu, 2010, p. 104) Quickly, internet usage in the Communist country began to grow. The Chinese Communist Party (“CCP”), which governs China, exercises almost total control over all forms of communication within its domain. If the CCP wished to continue to maintain its communication stranglehold, they realized that a way to police the internet needed to be developed...
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...with. The statement “in China today, the general public have no political influence” is complicated by a focus on everyday politics. Chinese citizens do participate in everyday politics, although not in the direct way found in democratic nations. The power of social media in China is allowing internet users to express dissatisfaction with the government, even in the face of censorship. The power of social media and its political influence is illustrated through the 2011 Wenzhou train collision case, which ignited outrage from online communities and led to the exposure of corruption amongst government officials. Typically, when a person thinks about the western concept of political influence, voting in a democratic election comes to mind. For the average citizen, their vote represents their voice in politics. If a person is not satisfied with the government or want to voice their concerns, they are able to freely criticize the state or engage in peaceful protests. They may also participate in politics by joining a political party or even forming a new party. The western concept of political influence centers on free speech and acting directly to affect politics. The concept of political influence by the general public in China is vastly different from western norms. The political system in China is not a liberal democracy, thus many foreigners believe that regular citizens have no influence in politics. Although the expression of political dissent in China is not a right of freedom...
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...Google in China’s World Lauri Mak Ottawa University October 19, 2012 Abstract This paper will discuss Google, one of the largest internet search engines decision to enter the China internet market and the deviation against their very own corporate ethics policies. It will identify the key stakeholders involved and will look at the primary non-marketing issues and analysis each issue. Introduction In 1996 Larry Page and Sergey Brin began developing a search engine called BackRub while enrolled at Stanford University. In 1998 the company was renamed Google Incorporated and launched their search engine from a garage in Santa Margarita California. First held as a private company, they went public in August of 2004. Google grew extremely quickly by taking their single language website and adding different products including but not limited to the development of various forms of advertising and web applications from a variety of different tasks as found on the company website http://Google.com. Google.com quickly grew to be the most popular search engine in the world. “Their technology used an algorithm to find possible Web pages with search criteria provided by the user. Google’s PageRanktm technology measures the importance of different Web pages by solving an equation with more than 500 million variables and 2 billion terms.” (Martin, 2011) Google’s decision to enter the Chinese market was based on greed and increased market share rather than their company’s highly publicized...
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...Does Censorship Help or Harm a Country’s Citizens? Lucas J. Fong AP Seminar/2 Mrs. Ohmart Censorship Censorship is used to prohibit “unacceptable” information brought to us on any media platform, however, what it isn’t supposed to censor is the truth. Government controlled censorship is ultimately harmful to a country’s citizens. So why do some countries do it more than others? Taking a look at censorship in China, Germany, and South Africa will provide more insight to the issue. A nation’s government should not have the right to decide what important information can be shown and what important information can’t. One thing is clear though, it is that important current events, historic events, and some necessary information should be accessible to the general public in order to help the country. In South Africa, “Interior Minister Theophilus Ebenhaezar Dönges, son of a Dutch Reformed clergyman, [by] law, [can] ban anything he considers "indecent, obscene or… objectionable," and no court can overrule him.” (Times Magazine, 1951) Although this is source is old it is still alive today just with different names. The Interior Minister can and does take full advantage of this law, as South Africa is one of many African countries that has censorship issues, and for obvious reasons. The Interior Minister uses this law to protect and restrict important data from the public. This results in the harm of South Africa as they remain uninformed and uneducated about certain things they...
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...Censorship is sometimes justified Whether censorship is justified is always a controversial issue that attracts great public attention, and views of different people might vary greatly. As far as I am concerned, I tend to think that the censorship in China is somehow justified otherwise how can China developed so rapidly for the recent years. I know there are many voices against the censorship of our country, but let’s think from another way, how can we build our welfare and prosperity culture without certain kinds of proper censorship in china? Censorship is the best justified method to make sure everyone's rights. In a society which is made up by variety of people, there must be some law that everyone follows to make the society in order. Justification means everyone is treated the same; anyone who obeys the law will have their rights equally; anyone who offends the law will be punished or circumscribed. Justification doesn't mean that, as someone thinks, everyone can do whatever you want to do because that will make the society happens to be in chaos. In today's modern society, censorship is everywhere in all sorts of media, TV, Internet, etc. It is necessary for government to use censorship to prevent illegal or harmful information which is now contaminating the minds of many people, especially those teenagers like me. As one of the teenagers myself, I am sure that all of us can be easily addicted to these materials. These will do great harm to both our mental...
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...studies at Stanford University and headed back to China, which he had left four years earlier. The motivation of this computer science major -- to launch a start-up and cash in on an idea he spotted in the world's largest Internet market -- was not uncommon. Less expected were the extra costs he incurred for doing business in China. These had nothing to do with common costs like equipment, rent, or hiring workers. Rather, daily life involved finding workarounds past China's immense national Internet censorship apparatus, widely known as the Great Firewall. "Google is often blocked for obscure reasons," said Fan, 25, now a software engineer at the Shanghai-based Morpheus Lab. "For example, if a word in my query is sensitive, like 'river,' and if I attempt to search the same term several times, the entire IP address will be blacked out for a minute and a half." "River" in Chinese is pronounced the same as the last name of China's former president, Jiang Zemin, and therefore is censored. [pic]It is hard to estimate how many entrepreneurs in China, like Fan, need to access information and websites blocked by the Great Firewall. According to Chuangtouquan, a social network that connects Chinese entrepreneurs to venture capitalists, China has about 10,000 start-ups today, covering all kinds of industries from mobile Internet to flower delivery to video games. And even if only a small portion of companies suffer from censorship-related inefficiency, over the years the overall...
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...Comment on the legal and regulatory environment in China and its implications for the chinese media. In light of the restrictions imposed by the Chinese government of internet access, how do you think the media industry is affected? On google agreeing to ensure its search content, Reporters without borders commented, “Google’s statement about respecting online privacy are the height of hypocrisy in view of its strategy in China.” However, Google’s Director of Research was of the view, “What’s important to users is access to information, we are giving them that, and we think that’s the most important.” Do you think Google was right in taking this step? Justify your answer. PPPPPPPPPPP Internet censorship Increasingly, Chinese and Tibetan citizens both inside and outside areas of Chinese Government control are seeking information through the internet and other forms of online media. The speed and bredth of information access which these mediums allow is a huge threat to the Chinese Government as they attempt to maintain propagandist views of 'sensitive issues' such as human rights, the Tinananmen Square massacre and Tibet. As such, the Chinese Government goes to great lengths to control the internet and to limit the amount of information its citizens are able to uncover. On 13 January 2010, Google announced that it would consider pulling out of China after it emerged that hackers had been attempting to access the Gmail accounts of human rights activists...
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...studies at Stanford University and headed back to China, which he had left four years earlier. The motivation of this computer science major -- to launch a start-up and cash in on an idea he spotted in the world's largest Internet market -- was not uncommon. Less expected were the extra costs he incurred for doing business in China. These had nothing to do with common costs like equipment, rent, or hiring workers. Rather, daily life involved finding workarounds past China's immense national Internet censorship apparatus, widely known as the Great Firewall. "Google is often blocked for obscure reasons," said Fan, 25, now a software engineer at the Shanghai-based Morpheus Lab. "For example, if a word in my query is sensitive, like 'river,' and if I attempt to search the same term several times, the entire IP address will be blacked out for a minute and a half." "River" in Chinese is pronounced the same as the last name of China's former president, Jiang Zemin, and therefore is censored. [pic]It is hard to estimate how many entrepreneurs in China, like Fan, need to access information and websites blocked by the Great Firewall. According to Chuangtouquan, a social network that connects Chinese entrepreneurs to venture capitalists, China has about 10,000 start-ups today, covering all kinds of industries from mobile Internet to flower delivery to video games. And even if only a small portion of companies suffer from censorship-related inefficiency, over the years the overall...
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...Installation of sophisticated router switches blocked information flowing in and out of China A blacklist of banned IP addresses and URLs featuring news about politically and culturally sensitive topics was given to the operators by the Government and wanted operators to block them. All providers in china had to provide the customer’s account numbers, phone numbers and IP addresses to the Government The providers were asked to track the websites the users accessed under the policy of Public Pledge of Self –regulation and Professional ethics. Internet cafes were asked to install software that blocked sensitive content and the patrons who visited these sites had to present their identification under their real name. Chinese Government launched a$800 million surveillance system called Golden Shield for monitoring Civilian use of internet 35000 internet police jobs were created to monitor and censor websites in China. Two cartoon police officers JingJang and ChaCha appeared on the screens to remind users to refrain from accessing sensitive information. The information about the dissidents were collected and prosecuted. Economic China does not have a full bloomed media like in US Average age of internet users is about 25 Users in China use search engines to search for songs and entertainment There is a gap on Internet connectivity in Urban and rural areas (Chiou, 2009) Social In China, Web access and usage is not distributed demographically and geographically. In 2005...
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...Yesenia Reyes International Business Google in China 1) What philosophical principles did Google’s managers adopt when deciding that the benefits of operating in China outweighed the costs? a. Google’s managers decided to adopt the utilitarian approach. With this business ethic, “it focuses attention on the need to weigh carefully all of the social benefits and costs of a business action and to pursue only those actions where the benefits outweigh the costs” (Hill, 2011, p.139). Google realized that the opportunity was too large to ignore, thus concerning themselves with the Friedman doctrine. Google.cn gives the “greatest amount of information” to China having censorship on all search results because of the government regulation. As a result, human right activists believe that Google’s has strayed off from their initial mission in order to gain more profit. In addition to adopting the utilitarian approach, it also adopted cultural relativism, naïve immoralist, and righteous moralist as well. 2) Do you think that Google should have entered China and engaged in self-censorship, given the company’s long-standing mantra “Don’t be evil”? Is it better to engage in self-censorship than have the government censor for you? b. I don’t believe Google should have entered China and engaged in self-censorship. Google made a decision not out of ethics. The government of China is the gatekeeper of who gets access to the global internet for all Chinese citizens. The...
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...November 2012 Internet Censorship of the People’s Republic of China 2000 years ago, in Qin Dynasty. The ancient Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huang launched the infamous event "Burning of the Books". He burned all the books from the countries he conquered and thousands of Scholars were killed. Why it happened? The reason is simple, Qin Shi Huang wanted to censor any of the information either threat him or his nation. Today, the speed and the scale of the Internet development in China is incredible. However, development always accompanied with troubles. The globe is connected with the Internet. China is in front of a crossroads, a more open Internet society or another "Burning of the Internet"? The rest of the article will discuss the following points. 1. The background of the Chinese Internet censorship 2. Legal basis and requirements 3. Chinese Internet censorship measures 4. Cases of Internet censorship 5. The impact of Internet censorship 1. The background of the Chinese Internet censorship “The 23rd China Internet Development Statistics Report” released by the China Internet Network Information Center, CNNIC, in January 2009, according to the report, as the end of 2008, the number of Internet users in China had reached 298 million people, the number of mobile Internet had reached 117.6 million people. Internet penetration rate is 22.6%. Chinese netizens more than the United States, are the highest in the world. Internet users in China mainly use the Internet...
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...Case Study Analysis Template Analyst’s Name: ¶ Levi Mohorich Date: ¶ 2/23/14 Case Study Name: ¶ Google, Inc., in China I. The Pre-Analysis: A. Perspective: 1. Author’s Perspective. Describe the perspective of the author(s) of the case study and possible biases of the author(s): ¶ The case was wrote by Kirsten E. Martin, the Assistant Professor of Business Administration at George Washington University, School of Business. She has her Ph.D. from Darden Graduate School of Business, University of Virginia. Her main research interests are business ethics, privacy, technology and stakeholder theory. It might be possible that she is biased towards China for their privacy restrictions and ethical values. Based on her previous research work, she probably values ethical behavior highly and technology innovations. 2. Analyst’s Perspective. Describe your perspective as the analyst: ¶ My perspective is that of a college student majoring in Marketing and Advertising Management. I am a strong believer in ethics and moral behavior. I have worked for an entertainment company for 8 years and my boss taught me to always do the right thing. I don’t know much about China and the details of their privacy laws or their government regulations. I do know that they block social media sites such as Facebook and YouTube but that's about it. I am an avid Google user though, I probably use Google almost every single day, or at least...
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...An Analysis of The Case Study of Google’s Move Out of China An Explanation of the Problem Google is an American multinational Internet Corporation that was founded by Sergey Brin and Larry Page. When Google entered the Chinese market, censorship frequently interrupted its service. China has always been a relatively closed society and the government has tried to keep control on what its citizens’ experience on the Internet and social media. Google could not accept the government’s censorship; the company believed that its right of freedom of speech was being violated and its motto, “Don’t be evil,” was being conflicted with. Moreover, Google was also concerned that the government was behind cyber attacks attempting to access the accounts of Chinese human rights activists. When the conflict between Google and the Chinese government became more severe, in 2010, Google announced that it had stopped censoring its search services, had left the mainland, and had moved its search engine services to Hong Kong. Since Google did this, there has been a heated discussion about Google’s decision. Gains by pulling out of China： Google insists on its principle of “Don’t be evil,” which is the informal corporate motto of their company. The company claims that, as part of their self-proclaimed core values, “Don’t be evil.” is a central pillar of their identity. Moreover, according to Ovide (2011),"Don't be evil," is a part of their Core Values: "Do the right thing: don't be evil. Honesty and...
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