...aware of the Faculty policy relating to academic misconduct (http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/students/policies/dishonesty) I certify that this work is my own, complies with the relevant guidelines, and uses an approved form of referencing throughout. I acknowledge that the work may be electronically scanned for detection of plagiarism. I have taken a backup copy / computer copy / photocopy of this assessment prior to submission.” Signed Date : June 1st 2013 ------------------------------------------------- Marker’s Comments: PROMT #7: Is media censorship by the government justifiable? BY: RAUL FRANCISCO BAUTISTA DATE: JUNE 1ST 2013 TUTOR: KEVIN CHIAT UNIT: COMM1001 WORD COUNT: 1537 Media censorship by a government is justifiable to a certain extent. To understand the extent to which censorship is justifiable one must understand that media censorship refers to the supervision of knowledge and information examined and controlled by an entity, particularly a government....
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...Nabeel Ellahi MYP-5 16/04/2012 History Can Censorship Be Justified? Censorship of information was a very important element in periods of time where propaganda was at its fullest and of course during the time of war, it was a great way to make people think how you wanted them to and to control them like a herd of sheep. From past studies we can see that censorship has been used for many purposes and the act of censorship has been practiced by many leaders. When used in situations like a war or when a leader is trying to bring reforms to a country, the use of censorship becomes understandable. To support this stance, lets take a look at past events which used censorship as a successful tool. Firstly censorship can be justified because back in the days of Stalin, Hitler and Mussolini, in their totalitarian governments authority was a very important thing to have; authority helped them keep control over the country and to enforce their will, they achieved this by censoring various materials to win the loyalty of their people. Secondly, during the government of Stalin censorship was used a lot and it helped him spread his ideas and commands to ensure him success in his goals which were to make Russia the best. And lastly during the great war when nationalism was at its peak, discouraging news such as casualties and battle loses were censored along with other news in order to make the public just know one side of the story, if these efforts would not have...
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...In the world today the media has a major impact on individuals who are involved in it. Rather it be through the radio, television, or the internet the majority of individuals have access to this and are susceptible to the impact that it has. There are many theories that define the relations between individuals and the impact that media has. One theory out there is based off of a learning theory. This theory is the Social Cognitive Theory, and it revolves around the “functions and processes of observational learning. By observing others’ behaviors, including those of media figures, one may develop rules to guide one’s own subsequent actions prompted to engage in previously learned behavior” (Nabi & Oliver 2010). Media directly influences individuals simply by the viewers watching or listening to the media and picking up the behavior of that media. According to Bandura (1986, 2002), “observational learning is guided by four processes. Attention to certain models and their behavior is affected by source and contextual features such as attractiveness, relevance, functional need, and affective valence. Second, retention processes focus on the ability to symbolically represent the behavior observed and its consequences, along with any rehearsal of that sequence. The third is production, which focuses on translating the symbolic representations into action, reproducing the behavior in seemingly appropriate contexts, and correcting for any errors based on the feedback received....
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...1821, our country took its first steps towards censorship when the 1748 novel Fanny Hill was banned for containing offensive and vulgar language as well as detailing the less than glamorous life of a prostitute. The tradition of removing books from schools for their questionable content has carried on into the twenty first century with the banning of several extremely popular books such as Harry Potter, for its use of witchcraft as a key plot point, The Hunger Games, for its graphic descriptions of children slaying one another on live television, and even the widespread elementary boy’s books Captain Underpants, for its use of bathroom humor frequently throughout the series. Not only these books, but also beloved classics such as The Scarlett Letter, To Kill a Mockingbird, The Grapes of Wrath, and The Great Gatsby have all been removed from the curriculum of many schools in order to shelter students from the taboo topics they discuss, such as racial prejudice, adultery, and alcoholism. Many concerned Americans have begun to wonder whether or not the government should have the power to control what students read and believe that censorship goes against the very foundations of our nation. While the United States Constitution does clearly state that “Congress shall make no law… abridging the freedom of speech or of the press”, does that apply to even the most explicit sexual and racial content? The issue had been consistently justified by courts cases involving racism and violence...
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...Technologies Used In Internet Censorship and Control Murdoch (2013) opines the Internet as an entity where control is always fought over for by those that use it. He further demystifies the internet, breaking it down to the two protocols that define it. These are the transmission control protocol – TCP- and the Internet Protocol –Ip. It is these protocols that enable the connection of two separate networks to each other. The protocols enable the easy connection of separate networks, without the need to make the hardware in the networks the same. It also enables restriction abstraction, where networks can be interoperable irrespective of the underlying architecture. It is important to note that the protocols are not the product of a bug; instead they are a deliberate effort to make internet connectivity seamless. The nature of the internet (which unlike other services and goods doesn’t have a single straight forward owner) raises some logical implementation queries related to its restriction. In the beginning, there were some mechanisms of control which were fronted by the members that make up the larger internet community. There existed as norms, that lacked any legal backing form the courts and law enforcement. To ensure adherence to these laws, the internet community leaders (in this case the administrators) would threaten to disconnect the perpetrators and then further block them if they persisted. At the time, it was the hope of many users and administrators that this...
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...Does Censorship Help or Harm a Country’s Citizens? Lucas J. Fong AP Seminar/2 Mrs. Ohmart Censorship Censorship is used to prohibit “unacceptable” information brought to us on any media platform, however, what it isn’t supposed to censor is the truth. Government controlled censorship is ultimately harmful to a country’s citizens. So why do some countries do it more than others? Taking a look at censorship in China, Germany, and South Africa will provide more insight to the issue. A nation’s government should not have the right to decide what important information can be shown and what important information can’t. One thing is clear though, it is that important current events, historic events, and some necessary information should be accessible to the general public in order to help the country. In South Africa, “Interior Minister Theophilus Ebenhaezar Dönges, son of a Dutch Reformed clergyman, [by] law, [can] ban anything he considers "indecent, obscene or… objectionable," and no court can overrule him.” (Times Magazine, 1951) Although this is source is old it is still alive today just with different names. The Interior Minister can and does take full advantage of this law, as South Africa is one of many African countries that has censorship issues, and for obvious reasons. The Interior Minister uses this law to protect and restrict important data from the public. This results in the harm of South Africa as they remain uninformed and uneducated about certain things they...
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...try and sway the reader of the cartoon to change his or her opinion. The censorship of political cartoons would not be a smart move because cartoonists who offend others are doing so while exercising the 1st amendment and censoring political cartoons lessens the cartoonist’s power to sway or stimulate someone’s opinions. If censorship...
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...Daniel Maddox Eng1000 We Need Censorship It won't kill us to make limits, but it might if we don't. That is why it is right to limit adult's freedom of expression. It is in our, societies, best interests to protect the children. Lional Tate is just one example of a child gone badly because of the media. Tate mimicked his idol the Rock, killing a six-year old girl by smashing her skull, pulverizing her liver, breaking her ribs and causing numerous cuts and bruises. If that's not enough of an example what about John McCollum from New Jersey who simply listened to Ozzy Osborne's "Suicide Solution" and killed himself? These are not random occurrences, we hear about them on the news frequently. If our freedom of expression is harming kids why can't we fix the problem by not allowing them access to it? We need censorship in the media because of influence, imitation, and the preservation of jobs. "Monkey see, Monkey do." Everyone has heard this phrase sometime in his or her life. This phrase is simple, yet very useful to today's debate, when a child sees someone or something doing something. They will of course follow suit and imitate the action being performed. Children do not know any better. Therefore they are innocent and deserve to be respected. It is for these following reasons that we argue for the censorship of harmful materials that could influence a child or children into violent acts, expressions, and other dangerous actions. Through television, video games, and movies...
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...! ! Censorship in the Brazilian Military Dictatorship The Brazilian military dictatorship took place in Brazil between the years of 1964 and 1985. Known as the first South American bureaucratic regime, the dictatorship strived to develop the country’s economy, reform politics and attract foreign investors. As the name suggests, this governmental model used the military’s power in order to rule the country. For this reason, the system was known to be extremely repressive and censorial. Moreover, anyone who seemed to oppose to the Brazilian authorities were often subjected to strict trials and often torture. The main explanation behind these practices is that the military government wanted to prevent revolutionary ideas that may have put their power in jeopardy. The main targets of this radical censorship were journalists and musicians, many of whom were severely punished for “conspiring” against the country’s authorities. However, the latter were simply expressing facts and public opinions on the situation of the time. This intense oppression can be seen as a violation of human rights and freedom of speech. In this essay, the historical and political context of this period, the ways that the military tyranny has affected the lives of Brazilian journalists, writers and other artists as well as the effect on publication processes of their works will be outlined. Moreover, tactics used by journalists and musicians to avoid the common oppression will be surveyed. In order...
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...information is commonly referred to as censorship. Censorship comes in a great amount of forms and can be enforced in various ways. Moral censorship has been rather accepted as its primary purpose is to hide the obscene or morally questionable, however, political censorship is often frowned upon as large numbers of the population deem governments have no right to hide information from the population. While military censorship is a necessity due to tactics and sensitive issues. From the forms of censorship arises the concern of when is censorship ethical and acceptable. Therefore, from an ethical standpoint, censorship is right if it is used to protect morals, which includes opinions, rights, justness, to protect...
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...Music Censorship: A Violation of Artistic Expression Brandi Yaeger University of Phoenix What if you were told that you could no longer listen to your favorite song anymore because the message that it sends does not conform to someone else’s way of thinking? What reasons are given for the censoring of music, or why have musicians been tortured, jailed, exiled or even killed? Why have certain forms of music been silenced? Music is an expression of ideas and emotions that reflect hopes, dreams and aspirations not only for the artist creating the music but in the listener as well. Music has been used as a form of expression of thoughts and emotions for centuries. People in power sometimes view these expressions conflicting to their current way of thinking what is proper lyrical content or negating to current governing practices. The implementation of music censorship has been done by governments, religions, educational systems and even families. In most cases this censorship is a violation of international conventions of human rights, (Freemuse.org). George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), said “All censorships exist to prevent anyone from challenging current conceptions and existing institutions. All Progress is initiated by challenging current conceptions, and executed by supplanting existing institutions. Consequently the first condition of progress is the removal of censorships.” (Freemuse.org). Although music censorship is imposed for various reasons, music is a form...
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...another site (Hill, 2009). Two weeks later, service was restored with no apparent reason or understanding of why the block initially took place or why it was restored. After the Google site was accessible by Chinese users again, politically sensitive sites were still not accessible, which implied the Chinese government was censoring certain sites. Google realized the need to establish operations in China, which finally occurred in 2005, despite challenges and criticism. Challenges Faced by Google There were many legal, cultural, and ethical challenges facing Google when the decision was made to provide services to China. When Google entered China, locations and hosted servers were maintained by Chinese employees in addition to strict censorship regulations governed by the Chinese government. Google was faced with managing employees and a business that followed different laws and cultures compared to their American counterparts. One of the most challenging aspects faced by Google was their ethical mantra, “don’t be evil” (Hill, pg. 148, 2009). Google prided its...
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...the mantra “don’t be evil”! When this phrase was originally formulated, the central message was that Google should never compromise the integrity of its search results. For example, Google decided not to let commercial considerations bias its ranking. This is why paid links are not included in its main search results, but listed on the right hand side of the results page. The mantra “don’t be evil”, however, has become more than that at Google; it has become a central organizing principle of the company and an ethical touchstone by which managers judge all of its strategic decisions. Google’s mission and mantra raised hopes among human rights activities that the search engine would be an unstoppable tool for circumventing government censorship, democratizing information, and allowing people in heavily censored societies to gain access to information that their governments were trying to suppress, including the largest country on earth, China. Google began a Chinese language service in 2000, although the service was operated from the United States. In 2002, the site was blocked by the Chinese...
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...the mantra “don’t be evil”! When this phrase was originally formulated, the central message was that Google should never compromise the integrity of its search results. For example, Google decided not to let commercial considerations bias its ranking. This is why paid links are not included in its main search results, but listed on the right hand side of the results page. The mantra “don’t be evil”, however, has become more than that at Google; it has become a central organizing principle of the company and an ethical touchstone by which managers judge all of its strategic decisions. Google’s mission and mantra raised hopes among human rights activities that the search engine would be an unstoppable tool for circumventing government censorship, democratizing information, and allowing people in heavily censored societies to gain access to information that their governments were trying to suppress, including the largest country on earth, China. Google began a Chinese language service in 2000, although the...
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...Student: Ramin Panakhzadeh Course: International business Instructor: Tural Mammadov Date: 15.04.2013 Case Analysis Executive summary: From the year 2002 further, giant Internet search engine company Google faced with a big problem in China, related with government’s censorship over internet. On the other side Google’s China competitor Baidu.com was behind the scene as they intended to grab the market share, which hold by the Google.com. The purpose of this case is to analyze and understand how such a multi-national company went wrong unable to understand the culture in a country. The analysis highlights the effect that Google had to incur during 2002-2010 period of time in China. Consequences of the pressure that Google faced in China, final decision was to establish company’s search engine in Hong Kong as Google.com.hk. Because of not good relationships with Chinese government, Google got in a terrible position as they had to pull out from a well growing Chinese internet market, which was a huge blow in Google’s financial perspectives. The analysis of Google in China have shown how interindividual relationships in businesses, especially in terms of China, affects the company’s profit, image and success. Understanding each country’s culture is a must and it extremely helps to provide a sound service towards its customers. Company profile: Google is the fast growing Internet search engine company, was established with a clear mission in mind: to organize the world’s...
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