...Forces and Motion For Students of Baldwin Wallace College Spring Semester 2011 Monday – Wednesday 10:00 – 11:15 am Room 139 Wilker Faculty Richard Heckathorn The materials for this course were organized and edited by Richard Heckathorn using materials from a program called Operation Physics and includes materials developed by him. The original OPERATION PHYSICS activity sequence to improve physics teaching and learning in upper elementary and middle schools was funded by the National Science Foundation. Original Material Copyright 1992 by American Institute of Physics Materials edited and photoduplicated with permission. FORCES & MOTION INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP LEADER’S TOPIC INFORMATION INTRODUCTION TO FORCES & MOTION An understanding of force and motion is fundamental to the study of almost all other physics-related topics. Yet it is a topic often overlooked or only cursorily introduced in elementary and middle school science, even though it is a topic typically identified for inclusion in the curriculum for these grades. A primary reason for this is that many teachers do not feel comfortable about their own understanding of the topic. Consequently, this may be the most needed of all of the OPERATION PHYSICS workshops. This workshop leader’s notebook is divided into two parts: PART ONE Motion Part One begins by introducing participants to the concepts of space and time....
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...Physics Lab Report Sample Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 OBJECTIVE …………...……...………...............................3 | | CHAPTER 2 THEORY …………………………………………………...4 | | CHAPTER 3 PROCEDURE ……………………………………………...7 | | CHAPTER 4 4.1 DATA TABLE ………………………………………...9 | | 4.2 GRAPH ………………………………………………..10 | | CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS …………………………………………………15 | | CHAPTER 6 ANSWERS AND COMMENTS …………………………..19 | | CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION……………………….…………………….20 | | REFERENCES …………………………………………….21 | | LAB REPORT RUBRIC …………………………………..22 | | Chapter 1 Objective To determine the motion of the cart as it travels down the inverted ramp though the influence of gravitational attraction alone by plotting the velocity per unit-time graph. Chapter 2 Theory Motion: In physics, motion is a change in position of an object with respect to time. Motion is typically described in terms of velocity, acceleration, displacement, and time. Motion is observed by attaching a frame of reference to a body and measuring its change in position relative to another reference frame. A body which does not move is said to be at rest, motionless, immobile, stationary, or to have constant (time-invariant) position. An object's motion cannot change unless it is acted upon by a force, as described by Newton's first law. An object's momentum is directly related to the object's mass and velocity, and the total momentum of all objects in...
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...equipment are calibrated electronically by comparing the instrument against referenced standards which are known and been in a collaborative chain themselves. How often you collaborate your equipment all depends on how important the accuracy is on the measurements you are making and the degree of wear and tear the instrument is getting. These calibrations are generally made annually. It is hard to judge the performance of an instrument without a set of calibration results. Use of a centrifuge A centrifuge is a piece of equipment that puts an object in rotation around a fixed axis. The centrifuge works using the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal acceleration causes denser substances and particles to move outward in the radial direction. At the same time, objects that are less dense are displaced and move to the centre. Lab staff will need to be trained how to use this and will also need to know what to do in the event of a...
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...SENIOR SECONDARY COURSE PHYSICS 1 (CORE MODULES) Coordinators Dr. Oum Prakash Sharma Sh. R.S. Dass NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPEN SCHOOLING A-25, INSTITUTIONAL AREA, SECTOR-62, NOIDA-201301 (UP) COURSE DESIGN COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN Prof. S.C. Garg Former Pro-Vice Chancellor IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, Delhi MEMBERS Prof. A.R. Verma Former Director, National Physical Laboratory, Delhi, 160, Deepali Enclave Pitampura, Delhi-34 Dr. Naresh Kumar Reader (Rtd.) Deptt. of Physics Hindu College, D.U. Dr. Oum Prakash Sharma Asstt. Director (Academic) NIOS, Delhi Prof. L.S. Kothari Prof. of Physics (Retd.) Delhi University 71, Vaishali, Delhi-11008 Dr. Vajayshree Prof. of Physics IGNOU, Maidan Garhi Delhi Sh. R.S. Dass Vice Principal (Rtd.) BRMVB, Sr. Sec. School Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi-110024 Dr. G.S. Singh Prof. of Physics IIT Roorkee Sh. K.S. Upadhyaya Principal Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Rohilla Mohammadabad (U.P.) Dr. V.B. Bhatia Prof. of Physics (Retd.) Delhi University 215, Sector-21, Faridabad COURSE DEVELOPMENT TEAM CHAIRMAN Prof. S.C. Garg Former Pro-Vice Chancellor IGNOU, Delhi MEMBERS Prof. V.B. Bhatia 215, Sector-21, Faridabad Prof. B.B. Tripathi Prof. of Physics (Retd.), IIT Delhi 9-A, Awadhpuri, Sarvodaya Nagar Lucknow-226016 Sh. K.S. Upadhyaya Principal Navodaya Vidyalaya Rohilla Mohammadabad, (U.P.) Dr. V.P. Shrivastava Reader (Physics) D.E.S.M., NCERT, Delhi EDITORS TEAM CHAIRMAN Prof. S.C. Garg Former Pro-Vice Chancellor IGNOU, Delhi MEMBERS Prof. B.B. Tripathi Prof...
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...Chapter 1, Introduction CHAPTER 1 Conceptual Problems C1. A room in a house has a floor area of 120 ft2. Which of the following is most likely the approximate volume of the room? a. 3 m3 b. 30 m3 c. 300 m3 d. 3 000 m3 C2. When SI units are plugged into an equation, it is found that the units balance. Which of the following can we expect to be true for this equation? a. The equation will be dimensionally correct. b. The equation will be dimensionally correct except sometimes in cases when the right hand side of the equation has more than one term. c. The equation will not be dimensionally correct. d. All constants of proportionality will be correct. C3. How long has it been that scientists have accepted that the nucleus of the atom consists of neutrons and protons? Think of your answers in terms of order of magnitude. a. about a decade b. about a century c. about a thousand years d. since Aristotle C4. Consider the sine of any angle between 30° and 40°. If the angle were doubled, what would happen to the sine of the angle? a. It would double. b. It would more than double. c. It would increase but be less than double. d. In different cases, it could do any of the above. C5. There are other ways of expressing uncertainty besides significant figures. For example, suppose a quantity is known to have a value between 20.4 and 20.0 and our best estimate of the value is midrange at 20.2. We could write the number as 20.2 +/- 0.2 and say that the number has a 1% uncertainty. We would...
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...Standup and Stabilization of the Inverted Pendulum by Andrew K. Stimac Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 1999 © 1999 Andrew K. Stimac All Rights Reserved. The author hereby grants permission to MIT to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author: ............................................................................................................ Department of Mechanical Engineering May 5, 1999 Certified by: ......................................................................................................................... David L. Trumper Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: ........................................................................................................................ Ernest G. Cravalho Chairman, Undergraduate Thesis Committee Department of Mechanical Engineering Standup and Stabilization of the Inverted Pendulum by Andrew K. Stimac Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering on May 5, 1999, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering. Abstract The inverted pendulum is a common, interesting control problem that involves many basic elements of control theory...
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...Steering Behaviors For Autonomous Characters Craig W. Reynolds Sony Computer Entertainment America 919 East Hillsdale Boulevard Foster City, California 94404 craig_reynolds@playstation.sony.com http://www.red.com/cwr/ cwr@red.com Keywords: Animation Techniques, Virtual/Interactive Environments, Games, Simulation, behavioral animation, autonomous agent, situated, embodied, reactive, vehicle, steering, path planning, path following, pursuit, evasion, obstacle avoidance, collision avoidance, flocking, group behavior, navigation, artificial life, improvisation. Abstract This paper presents solutions for one requirement of autonomous characters in animation and games: the ability to navigate around their world in a life-like and improvisational manner. These “steering behaviors” are largely independent of the particulars of the character’s means of locomotion. Combinations of steering behaviors can be used to achieve higher level goals This paper divides motion behavior into three levels. It will focus on the (For example: get from here to there while avoiding obstacles, follow this corridor, join that group of characters...) middle level of steering behaviors, briefly describe the lower level of locomotion, and touch lightly on the higher level of goal setting and strategy. Introduction Autonomous characters are a type of autonomous agent intended for use in computer animation and interactive media such as games and virtual reality. These agents represent a This stands...
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...Food Processing and Technology I FS 222-061 Assignment no. 1 PART 1 # Homework 1: Food deterioration methods Submitted by:- Submitted to:- Surjit Kaur Xavier Aguirre Garza 300852404 INTRODUCTION The spoilage of food is the process in which food deteriorates up to that point in which it is not digestible to eat for humans or its quality of edibility is not good. Organoleptic properties, nutritional value, safety, and aesthetic appeal varies with food deterioration. The food is subjected to physical, chemical, and biological deterioration respectively. Various causes of food deterioration are as follows a) The growth of micro-organisms (bacteria, yeast, and mold etc.) b) Activities of natural food c) By Insects, parasites, and rodents d) Temperature (high or low) e) Dryness or Moisture content f) Air (mostly oxygen) g) Light h) Time (King, 2004) Furthermore, the major types of food deterioration are:- a) Microbiological spoilage. b) Enzymatic spoilage c) Chemical spoilage d) Fat oxidation e) Environmental spoilage EXAMPLES OF FOOD SPOILAGE AND FOOD PRODUCTS TABLE:- It shows various types of foods having spoilage under various conditions Food preservation involves the a) Use of heat b) Cold c) Drying (water activity) d) Acid (pH) e) Sugar f) Salt ...
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...Introductory Physics I Elementary Mechanics by Robert G. Brown Duke University Physics Department Durham, NC 27708-0305 rgb@phy.duke.edu Copyright Notice Copyright Robert G. Brown 1993, 2007, 2013 Notice This physics textbook is designed to support my personal teaching activities at Duke University, in particular teaching its Physics 141/142, 151/152, or 161/162 series (Introductory Physics for life science majors, engineers, or potential physics majors, respectively). It is freely available in its entirety in a downloadable PDF form or to be read online at: http://www.phy.duke.edu/∼rgb/Class/intro physics 1.php It is also available in an inexpensive (really!) print version via Lulu press here: http://www.lulu.com/shop/product-21186588.html where readers/users can voluntarily help support or reward the author by purchasing either this paper copy or one of the even more inexpensive electronic copies. By making the book available in these various media at a cost ranging from free to cheap, I enable the text can be used by students all over the world where each student can pay (or not) according to their means. Nevertheless, I am hoping that students who truly find this work useful will purchase a copy through Lulu or a bookseller (when the latter option becomes available), if only to help subsidize me while I continue to write inexpensive textbooks in physics or other subjects. This textbook is organized for ease of presentation and ease of learning. In particular, they are...
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...PHYSIC AL CONSTANTS CONSTANT Speed of light Elementary charge Electron mass Proton mass Gravitational constant Permeability constant Permittivity constant Boltzmann’s constant Universal gas constant Stefan–Boltzmann constant Planck’s constant Avogadro’s number Bohr radius SYMBOL c e me mp G m0 P0 k R s h 15 2p"2 NA a0 THREE-FIGURE VALUE 3.003108 m/s 1.60310219 C 9.11310231 kg 1.67310227 kg 6.67310211 N # m2/kg 2 1.2631026 N/A2 1H/m2 8.85310212 C 2/N # m2 1F/m2 1.38310223 J/K 8.31 J/K # mol 5.6731028 W/m2 # K4 6.63310234 J # s 6.0231023 mol21 5.29310211 m BEST KNOWN VALUE* 299 792 458 m/s (exact) 1.602 176 4871402 310219 C 9.109 382 151452 310231 kg 1.672 621 6371832 310227 kg 6.674 281672 310211 N # m2/kg 2 4p31027 (exact) 1/m0c2 (exact) 1.380 65041242 310223 J/K 8.314 4721152 J/K # mol 5.670 4001402 31028 W/m2 # K4 6.626 068 961332 310234 J # s 6.022 141 791302 31023 mol21 5.291 772 08591362 310211 m *Parentheses indicate uncertainties in last decimal places. Source: U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2007 values SI PREFIXES POWER 1024 1021 1018 1015 1012 109 106 103 102 101 100 1021 1022 1023 1026 1029 10212 10215 10218 10221 10224 THE GREEK ALPHABET PREFIX yotta zetta exa peta tera giga mega kilo hecto deca — deci centi milli micro nano pico femto atto zepto yocto SYMBOL Y Z E P T G M k h da — d c m μ n p f a z y Alpha ...
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...CHAPTER 0 Contents Preface v vii Problems Solved in Student Solutions Manual 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Matrices, Vectors, and Vector Calculus Newtonian Mechanics—Single Particle Oscillations 79 127 1 29 Nonlinear Oscillations and Chaos Gravitation 149 Some Methods in The Calculus of Variations 165 181 Hamilton’s Principle—Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Dynamics Central-Force Motion 233 277 333 Dynamics of a System of Particles Motion in a Noninertial Reference Frame Dynamics of Rigid Bodies Coupled Oscillations 397 435 461 353 Continuous Systems; Waves Special Theory of Relativity iii iv CONTENTS CHAPTER 0 Preface This Instructor’s Manual contains the solutions to all the end-of-chapter problems (but not the appendices) from Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, Fifth Edition, by Stephen T. Thornton and Jerry B. Marion. It is intended for use only by instructors using Classical Dynamics as a textbook, and it is not available to students in any form. A Student Solutions Manual containing solutions to about 25% of the end-of-chapter problems is available for sale to students. The problem numbers of those solutions in the Student Solutions Manual are listed on the next page. As a result of surveys received from users, I continue to add more worked out examples in the text and add additional problems. There are now 509 problems, a significant number over the 4th edition. The instructor will find a large...
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...Answers to Conceptual Integrated Science End-of-Chapter Questions Chapter 1: About Science Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions 1 The era of modern science in the 16th century was launched when Galileo Galilei revived the Copernican view of the heliocentric universe, using experiments to study nature’s behavior. 2 In Conceptual Integrated Science, we believe that focusing on math too early is a poor substitute forconcepts. 3 We mean that it must be capable of being proved wrong. 4 Nonscientific hypotheses may be perfectly reasonable; they are nonscientific only because they are not falsifiable—there is no test for possible wrongness. 5 Galileo showed the falseness of Aristotle’s claim with a single experiment—dropping heavy and lightobjects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. 6 A scientific fact is something that competent observers can observe and agree to be true; a hypothesis is an explanation or answer that is capable of being proved wrong; a law is a hypothesis that has been tested over and over and not contradicted; a theory is a synthesis of facts and well-tested hypotheses. 7 In everyday speech, a theory is the same as a hypothesis—a statement that hasn’t been tested. 8 Theories grow stronger and more precise as they evolve to include new information. 9 The term supernatural literally means “above nature.” Science works within nature, not above it. 10 They rely on subjective personal experience and do not lead to testable hypotheses. They lie outside...
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...UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B. TECH DEGREE COURSE 2008 SCHEME ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING I to VIII SEMESTER SCHEME AND SYLLABUS BOARD OF STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B.Tech Degree Course – 2008 Scheme REGULATIONS 1. Conditions for Admission Candidates for admission to the B.Tech degree course shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or 12th Standard V.H.S.E., C.B.S.E., I.S.C. or any examination accepted by the university as equivalent thereto obtaining not less than 50% in Mathematics and 50% in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry/ Bio- technology/ Computer Science/ Biology put together, or a diploma in Engineering awarded by the Board of Technical Education, Kerala or an examination recognized as equivalent thereto after undergoing an institutional course of at least three years securing a minimum of 50 % marks in the final diploma examination subject to the usual concessions allowed for backward classes and other communities as specified from time to time. 2. Duration of the course i) The course for the B.Tech Degree shall extend over a period of four academic years comprising of eight semesters. The first and second semester shall be combined and each semester from third semester onwards shall cover the groups of subjects as given in the curriculum and scheme of examination ii) Each semester shall ordinarily comprise of not less than 400 working periods each of 60 minutes...
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...UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B. TECH. DEGREE COURSE 2008 ADMISSION REGULATIONS and I VIII SEMESTERS SCHEME AND SYLLABUS of COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B.Tech Comp. Sc. & Engg., University of Kerala 2 UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B.Tech Degree Course – 2008 Scheme REGULATIONS 1. Conditions for Admission Candidates for admission to the B.Tech degree course shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or 12th Standard V.H.S.E., C.B.S.E., I.S.C. or any examination accepted by the university as equivalent thereto obtaining not less than 50% in Mathematics and 50% in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry/ Bio- technology/ Computer Science/ Biology put together, or a diploma in Engineering awarded by the Board of Technical Education, Kerala or an examination recognized as equivalent thereto after undergoing an institutional course of at least three years securing a minimum of 50 % marks in the final diploma examination subject to the usual concessions allowed for backward classes and other communities as specified from time to time. 2. Duration of the course i) The course for the B.Tech Degree shall extend over a period of four academic years comprising of eight semesters. The first and second semester shall be combined and each semester from third semester onwards shall cover the groups of subjects as given in the curriculum and scheme of examination ii) Each semester shall ordinarily comprise of not less than 400 working periods each of 60 minutes duration...
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...THE PDMA HANDBOOK OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT T HIRD E DITION Kenneth B. Kahn, Editor Associate Editors: Sally Evans Kay Rebecca J. Slotegraaf Steve Uban JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. Cover image: © Les Cunliffe/iStockphoto Cover design: Elizabeth Brooks This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 7486008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with the respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of...
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