...pain worsened or improved with turning or repositioning of the head? Any past injury to the neck and past treatments are noted. Aggravating and/or relieving positions or motions are also recorded. The neck is examined at rest and in motion. Tenderness is detected during palpation of the neck. An examination of the nervous system is performed to determine whether or not nerve involvement is present. Further testing of undiagnosed neck pain can include X-ray evaluation, CAT scan,...
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...has worked out the conclusion that improper living habits are threatening teenagers’ health of their neck. Detailed information about the prevalence and causing factors for the disease are displayed in this report. 2. Definition of teenage neck pain Neck pain, which is called (cervical) spondylosis in medical term, is a kind of spinal compression attributes to the degeneration of disks and joints in the vertebrae. Unlike the pain in front of the neck, symptoms of neck pain usually behave as headaches, dizziness, and neck stiffness -- which sometimes radiates to the shoulders and limbs and thus lead to the feeling of weakness, numbness and pain (Penick, 2010). Compared to that among the elderly, neck pain among teenagers has some slight differences, chronic diseases like osteoporosis and HIVD (Herniation of intervertebral disc) are not common to see in young people. A new concept of “cervical spondylosis like disease” was proposed by Dr. Dong, Yan and Liang (2009) in Beijing. It was explained that teenage patients are often in the second peak of growth, which means the growth of their muscle may not follow the pace of the bones. Moreover, there is insufficient time for them to do sports under the circumstance they...
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...least we take care. Shoulder pain is one of the most musculoskeletal conditions treated in physical rehabilitation centers, affecting individuals of all ages and occupations. Most of the injuries of the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) are caused by physical activities performed at home, work and sports, where the tissues (ligaments, tendons and muscles) are the most affected. Cervical osteoarthritis predisposes the emergence of this type of injury. It is common to develop shoulder osteoarthritis if you have it in the cervical spine. This communication between neck and shoulder is due to neurological and anatomical relationship between both. A pain on the shoulder and arm can be caused by a cervical herniated disc (C5-C6-C7), causing compression of the spinal nerve. In cases in which the shoulder pain is prolonged for several weeks without relief, the cause of the injury may be rupture or tearing of ligaments and tendons around the joint. An MRI is needed to obtain an accurate clinical diagnosis. A cause of shoulder pain most common and less diagnosed is the Myo-Facial Syndrome, better known as “Trigger Points”, which are nodules (knots) in the muscle tissue. This syndrome is aggravated when we suffer from nervous tension (stress), chronic poor posture, trauma to the spine and gastrointestinal problems. The infraspinatus muscle (external rotator of the shoulder) is the most susceptible to get swollen, producing “Trigger Points”, which will refer to the shoulder...
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...inflammation and in turn relieves pain. They are sometimes used in the treatment and management of cervical nerve root injuries. Other usages include treatment of joint arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, and many other painful conditions. Nerve injuries such as brachial plexus neuropraxia, also known as a “stinger” or “burner”, involve the cervical nerves usually 5 through 7 and the brachial plexus. Stingers can be caused by stretching, traction or compression of the brachial plexus nerves. Injury results in shooting pains from the neck down the arm out to the fingertips. Sometimes numbness and muscle weakness are present in the affected area. These injuries may produce severe complaints, as they do cause very sharp pain to radiate through the arm. When treating a stinger the first goal is to relive that pain. When physicians are presented with that task some evidence is showing that corticosteroids may be a safe way to successfully return an athlete to play following one of these injuries. There is an increased risk of getting a “stinger” in sports such as football and wrestling. The cervical nerve roots and the brachial plexus come in contact with a lot of stress during these competitions. In football we see that contact from hard hits or direct blows to the neck and shoulder cause traction or compression to those nerves causing damage. In wrestling it is common to see cervical injuries from repetitive stress to the area. Unlike football there are not much direct blows to cause...
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...flaw of this program and it deals with public safety. Even with all the positives of this program, the fact that it lacks a helmet requirement is daunting, especially in a city of “fume-belching buses, speeding cabs, honking drivers and texting pedestrians, which turn even short rides into obstacle courses” (McKernan, 2013). The Citi bike program projected to accommodate approximately 10,000 cyclists-both NYC residents as well as tourist. Without a helmet requirement, this creates a recipe for disaster. Consider the following facts, the leading cause of death and permanent disability in bicycle crashes are head injuries. They accounts for 60% or more of bicycle related deaths. A case study involving 129 accidental cycling deaths between January 1 2006 and December 2010 looked to find a relationship between the nonuse of helmets and an increased risk of fatal head injury (Persaud, Coleman, Zwolakowski, Lauwers &...
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...the brain, spine, and peripheral nerves. Our neurosurgeon expert witnesses have experience in multiple disciplines and have provided both non-operative and surgical treatment to patients of all ages. The field of neurosurgery is vast and many neurosurgeons often find themselves working alongside other medical professionals such as psychiatrists, neurologists and therapists in order to provide more thorough care for patients with neurological disorders. What is neurosurgery? Neurosurgery can refer to operations on the brain, spinal cord, and other cerebrovascular systems. Because of this, neurosurgeons can choose to specialize in specific types...
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...and the tighter it becomes, the looser its antagonist becomes because of reciprocal inhibition. In acute conditions, the cycle can be described as continuing spasm–pain–spasm. The result is tightness that progresses from the acute condition of muscle contraction to muscle contracture, leading to chronicity. In chronic conditions, the cycle is described as pain–looseness–pain.3 In the cervical...
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...include: • Orthopedic Trauma Trauma is defined as a severe injury that may cause death or significant disability. The most common cause of trauma include motor vehicle accidents, falls, burns, knife and gunshot wounds and sports or recreational injuries. Traumas often result in bone and joint fractures and dislocations. (Scottsdale Healthcare Osborn, 2009, para. 2) • Arthritis treatments Treatment focused on relieving the pain associated with arthritis. Treatment types such as medicines, therapy, or surgery can be used alone or in combination together to ease the associated pain of arthritis. • Spine and Neck injuries Generalized neck pain, whiplash or cervical pain, disc herniation, weakness, and or numbness down the arms, and lower back or lumbar pain, are treated by orthopedic physicians specialized in spine and neck injury. • Upper extremity Treatment of muscle, ligaments, tendons, and bones in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand are under physicians who have training in this specific part of the body. • Hand Physicians in this subspecialty have completed extensive training in the forearm, wrist, and hand. • Foot and ankle Foot care, diabetic foot care, arthritis, bunions, corns, ingrown toenails, heel pain are just the starting point for problems and injuries treated by physicians specializing in the foot and ankle. Reconstructive surgery is also included. • Sports medicine Treatment of injuries sustained...
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...Spinal decompression is a non-surgical chiropractic treatment to treat many spinal ailments. It may even prevent back surgery for people with herniated discs, sciatica and back pain. A spinal disc is the soft cushion that is located between each individual vertebra along the spine. The disc has a soft center and a harder outer covering. When there is a crack in the outer covering, a bit of the soft center can leak out. This may result in the nearby nerves being irritated which is very painful and may result in numbness in an arm or leg. If the disc is in the lower back, it could put pressure on the sciatic nerve causing pain and numbness in the lower back, buttocks and legs. Chiropractic doctors use a non-invasive, safe treatment called spinal decompression. This...
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...Spinal Cord Injury Spinal cord trauma may result from direct injury to the cord itself or indirectly from damage to surrounding tissues, blood vessels or bones. The damage or trauma results in an impaired function of the spinal cord causing a lack of sensation or reduced mobility. Many spinal cord trauma injuries occur in men aged 15-35 who are relatively healthy individuals. The death rates of these young individuals with spinal injuries are significantly very high. Causes Many injuries are a result of gunshot wounds, motor accidents, falls and sports injuries. A minor spinal cord injury occurs if spine is weakened (osteoporosis/rheumatoid arthritis/spinal stenosis). The reason behind this can be explained by the normal ageing process. Patients who have had other medical problems which make them more prone to falling from weakness (e.g. stroke) can also be classified under this heading. Other causes include direct injury to the spinal column where the disks or bones have been fragmented. This can be for example if the cord is compressed, pulled in either direction or even if the head, back or neck are twisted beyond their normal rotational angle during an injury or accident. Compression can result from blood being accumulated inside the spinal canal causing damage to occur to the spinal cord. Symptoms The symptoms patients experience depend on the location of the injury as it causes weakness and sensory loss at and below the point of injury. Injury severity is...
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...weakness, swelling, twitching in your joins or muscles? Any redness, heat limited ROM you have noticed? -Any PHx of injury to your arms/ legs/ bones, muscles, joints (broken bones, strain, fractures)? -Is there any physical problems that limit your ADL? -Do you exercise or participate in sports on a regular basis? (how much, how often) -Women: Calcium and Vit. D supplements? -FHx of scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis? -Medication (OTC, herbal, prn), Allergies, Alcohol, Smoking/Tobacco, Street Drugs ORDER OF THE EXAM: 1. Inspection: symmetry of structures and function (ROM), size, contour, skin for color, swelling, masses, atrophy, deformities, nodules. 2. Palpation: Joint and skin for temp, muscles, articulations. Notice heat, tenderness, swelling (inflammation), atrophy, masses, hard muscles, muscles spasms 3. ROM: No tenderness, pain, or crepitation 4. Muscle Testing: Prime mover, “I’m going to push, don’t let me push, I’m going to pull, don’t let me pull” resistance. Equal, bilaterally, and fully resist my opposing force -Full or limited ROM- use goniometer to measure angle -Strength: 5 pt. scale 5=Full ROM and Full resistance 100% 4=Full ROM and some resistance 75% 3=Full ROM 50% 2=Passive Motion 25% 1=Slight Contraction 10% 0=No contraction CERVICAL SPINE: -Inspect: alignment of spine and processes, shoulders, scapula, -Palpate: spinous process, sternomastoid, trapezius, paravertebral muscles- firm,...
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...everyone on subluxations and the enormous stress they can cause to one’s body, he then shifted his focus back to Chiropractic’s purpose in optimal healthcare. He repeated several times how Chiropractic care focuses on the spine because it is the most vulnerable part of the nervous system. Since chiropractic care depends on the healing abilities of each patient, results can vary from patient to patient. Everyone respond differently. Some detect changes in a few short days or weeks while others may take weeks to month before showing progress. I am a huge advocate for comparing the Chiropractic model of optimal healthcare to the medical model of sick care. The Doctor next explained how the medical approach puts chemicals into the bloodstream to change the way the body works. Laxatives to speed up...
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...Paramedic Case Studies Name Institution Table of Contents Introduction 3 1.1 Clinical plans are prior to arrival on the scene. 4 1.2 Patient selection Criteria for RSI 5 1.3 Steps in an RSI Procedure 6 Step 1 - Preparation 6 Step 2- Preoxygenation 6 Step 3- Pretreatment 7 Step 4- Rapid sequence Induction and Paralysis 7 Step 5- Protection and Positioning 7 Step 6- Placement of the Endotracheal Tube in the Trachea 8 Step 7- Post-intubation Management 8 1.4 Risks and benefits associated with RSI 9 Case 2 10 2.1 Discussion 10 2.2 Clinic plan and initial management 10 2.3 Notification of Arrival 11 Conclusion 11 Case 3 12 Introduction 12 Incident 1 12 Incident 2 13 Incident 3 13 Incident 4 14 Case 4 15 Conclusion 16 References 17 Introduction The basic concept of retrieval medicine is a combination of transfer and care of a patient from one medical institution, site of trauma, and pre-hospital management to a medical institution to provide higher and better level of care. The transfer and retrieval of severely ill and wounded patients entail high-risk activities (Ellis & Hooper, 2010). This paper looks into various case studies to determine the various control measures that might and should be put in place in various retrieval situations so as to increase patient safety and efficiency in pre-hospital care. This comprises of communication procedures, team resource management...
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...Low back pain by young athletes; is practicing sports, prevention or a risk factor to develop low back pain? Ziva Tavcar, Msc Human Movement Science Clinique Valmont, Switzerland Introduction Low back pain is a common problem in a modern society and is present also among pre- and adolescents as well by young athletes. Relationship between low back pain and physical activity shows that physical and psychical factors of over active or inactive life-style lead among genetically predisposed individuals to a higher risk for low back pain. Thus better understanding of a problem, earlier diagnostic and right management prevent earlier apparition of recurrences and chronicity in adulthood. Spinal pain Spinal pain appears due to variety of symptoms, which are experienced at least once in a lifetime by approximately 80% of a general population [1]. Classification of spinal pain concerns affected region (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or irradiation in the limbs), duration (acute, sub-acute, chronic), or level of functional disability [1]. Lumbar pain is determined as a pain, muscle tension or stiffness that occurs between the last thoracic vertebra and the lower gluteal folds, with or without leg pain [1–3]. Chronic low back pain appears more often by working population in adulthood [1] and fluctuates during time, appears at different occurrences with different intensities and disability [4]. The complexity of symptoms could be associated with physical, psychical and recently genetic...
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...Biomechanics of Gymnastics Biomechanics is the application of mechanical analysis to study body movements, this allows for research and developments into everyday activities. Often time biomechanics is used to study different sports and the movements that an athlete would complete in relation to that sport. One sport that there was a desire to do biomechanical research was Gymnastics. Gymnastics is a sport that incorporates full body movements, to better understand the body movements’ biomechanical studies are used. These studies allow for research to be done into how the body moves for a specific movement, then the movement can be optimized being able to improve a gymnasts skills. Also these biomechanical analyses can help understand the forces and loads that the gymnast’s body is enduring; this can lead to finding ways to reduce these loads and forces in hopes to prevent and injury. Gymnastics is complex a sport that incorporates physical agility, coordination, strength, flexibility, and artistic abilities. All of these attributes are judge through the gymnast’s routines for each event that they complete. The different events are specific to gender, males do one set of events while female complete another. Women complete 4 different events, these include: The Uneven Bars (UB) The Uneven Bars are an event that includes two wooden bars, each supported on either side of the bar. The two bars are set a distance apart, with one bar being at a higher height than the other...
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