...Organized Crime Paper Crime is a part of every type of society. It would be naïve to believe that a society could completely rid itself of crime, as long as there are people in the world crimes will be commited. Crime is based on the perception and the actions of individuals. Some see their actions as good and some see them as bad. The problem with this is that sometimes the perception of those committing negative acts that society views as crimes do not see their actions as criminal. Crime is based on the actions of the individuals and depending upon the moral statutes that the society has brought upon them the society deems what is criminal by what they perceive and have implemented as illegal. In this paper an attempt to identify the problems, which are obtainable, and the innumerable associations recognized through organized crime will be established. We will attempt to designate the legitimate boundaries correlated with contesting organized crime, involving an analysis of the general national laws and stratagems that sustenance this exertion. We will also attempt to propose a convincing clarification regarding controlled organized crime by examining and assessing the efficiency of organized crime examinations. Although most issues related to social control or moral regulation have a political aspect to them, discussions related to ‘organized crime’ are steeped in politics—from the creation of illegal markets in the first place, to the declarations of the size of the...
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...The Department of Justice (DOJ) has the responsibility for enforcing the federal laws in the United States of America. The four agencies of the DOJ are the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), U.S. Marshals, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The person who is at the top of the DOJ, and leads each of these agencies, is the United States Attorney General. The major functions of the four agencies of the DOJ and who, to me, has the greatest responsibility within this agency follows. The FBI’s authority is actually broader than the other three agencies. The FBI’s mission is “to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats and to enforce the criminal laws of the United States” (Federal Bureau of Investigation, pg. 1). Among its top three national security priorities are terrorism, counterintelligence, and cyber-crime. The terrorism priority addresses concerns such as international terrorism, domestic terrorism, and weapons that can cause mass destruction. The counterintelligence priority focuses on espionage and counter proliferation while the cyber-crime priority is focused on computer intrusions, internet fraud, and identity theft. All three of these pose a threat to the security of our nation. The FBI also has five major criminal priorities. The public corruption priority addresses government fraud, election fraud, and any corrupt foreign practice. A priority of the FBI...
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...Controlling Organized Crime Paper CJA/384 May 3, 2015 Controlling Organized Crime Organized crime occurs in the United States of America and abroad. “It is hard to think that our country, which is so full of opportunities, has people that would seek to use those opportunities improperly to create illegal ends” (Williams, 2014). Crime is part of our social order. It would be naïve to think that citizens could be completely free of wrongdoing. “The consequences of these criminals and their actions can be detrimental to the overall well being of the general populace by introducing negative elements into the greater whole of society” (Williams, 2014). Crime is based on the opinion and the actions of individuals. Some see their actions as good and some as bad. When an individual commits negative acts that are crimes but doesn’t see their acts as criminal we have a problem. Crime is based on the actions of the individuals. While the mafia is the most known organized crime group there are also urban street gangs, Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs, the Russian Mafia, the Japanese Yakuza, the Chinese Mafia, the Columbian cartels and many others (Williams, 2014). Organized crime group’s objective is to fill a demand for an item or service that cannot be done legally. Some of these objectives are the sale of drugs or alcohol, sexual exploitation, insider trading, racketeering, credit card fraud, etc (Williams, 2014). Problems “Although most issues related to social control or moral regulation...
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...correctional facilities in the 19th century and until now; it is still troubling the authorities. Overcrowding in modern prisons is multidimensional problem. Various reasons are blamed for the challenge but they significantly differ from one nation to the other. Causes of prison overcrowding are not limited to the bounds of criminal justice but stretch to other facets of authorities including social welfare plans, availability and ease of access to health services, formal education and job opportunities. Debates on how to handle this issue on political platforms is an enough illustration of the problems political leaders undergo in looking for a lasting solution challenged by increased pressure from court orders and rigorous financial crisis. It is therefore evident that it is much easier to have overcrowded prisons than it is to develop and implement effective and efficient ways to manage overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in prisons is a broad problem that is centered on issues of policies and crime research. These issues involve criminal sentencing, the role of correctional facilities and sentences, accommodation of prisoners with access to health care and rehabilitation services and causes of crimes. Moreover, issues of which crime attracts what sentence, prison budgets, economic hardships and criminal policies in determining the kinds of punishment are all attached to overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in Prisons is a challenging issue due to its complexity in determining how all...
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... Abstract: Early policing was an unorganized concept throughout civilization as rules and laws attempted to be by use armies of various kingdoms and other countries. Over the course of time a thought emerged that a more formal policing of the citizens could be accomplished by the creation of a police model that could free up military personnel while establishing law and order throughout areas with the premise that citizens could be coerced into believing that arrest would be the deterrent while protecting the public at large. This assignment will look at the early roots of policing, a man with a vision that changed the way of thinking that modernized policing in the 1800’s and how the connection is made to the present day, and the challenges and other ways policing is conducted. While history shows us that policing up to the 1820’s in England was an affair of money that was the policing policy of the day. If people were wealthy, they were far more protected from criminal activity than the poor. Although it can be said that policing did have some results that could be considered effective, the argument can be made that class certainly had entitlement. Because the poor were to be considered persons who would...
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...Criminal justice system is forever changing to protect and server society. Relationships between the United States government, state, and local policing looking at programs from the past, need changes for the future. State and local law enforcement responsibilities, and functions in fighting crime by enforcing laws, apprehending offenders, preventing crime, and preserving the peace, has changed since September 11, 2001. State law enforcement is expanding their responsibilities, changed from acts of terrorisms, new laws, and procedures of new types of crimes. Cyber-crime, new technology, terrorism, immigration, drug, and human trafficking contributing for changes in laws nationally and international. Need to identify and assess recent and future trends that affect the criminal justice system (Homeland Security and Law Enforcement” 2009) Western law combines contributions from ancient laws and Common law. The structure of laws came from England, their Bobbies (police officers), statutory, and case law. Sheriffs were the town’s authority, received taxes, and gave out punishment and banishing citizens. Common law highlighted in 1811 when English prison reformer and jurist, Jeremy Bentham wrote to President James Madison offering to codify the law of the United States. The bases of the nation’s laws are from the Constitutions, peruses as a constraint on police power the government can enact, guarding personal liberties. The Bill of Rights and the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth...
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... Fall 2012 Professor: Freda Adler, Ph.D. Research Assistants: University of Pennsylvania Walter Campbell Department of Criminology Ryan Gale 483 McNeil Building Marissa Mandala 3718 Locust Walk Telephone: 215-746-3620 Office Hours: Professor Adler: Wednesday, 10am-1pm For all other times, please make an appointment Teaching Assistants will have weekly office hours TBA Overview: This course examines the multi-disciplinary social science of law-making, law-breaking, and law-enforcing. It reviews theories and data that predict when, where and against whom crimes happen. In addition, it addresses questions surrounding crime prevention and punishment of offenders. The role and importance of police, courts, and prisons are critically examined. The relationship between criminology and policy-making will be highlighted. Text: Adler, F., Mueller, G.O.W., Laufer, W.S, CRIMINOLOGY, 8th edition, New York: McGraw Hill, 2013 E-mail version: TBA Additional class materials will be posted on Blackboard periodically. Please check the course web site. Grading: Examinations: The final grade for this course is made up of grades from three non-cumulative examinations. These exams are taken in class...
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...Proposal There are hundreds of criminal justice policies floating around. There are even policies covering policies. Policies could be covering laws that are in place or rules and regulations of the criminal justice agency. Some policies are put into place after too many incidents have occurred. Some policies protect victims, witnesses, subjects, and the officers that enforce them. Not every criminal justice policy becomes a strong policy out of the gate. A lot of them were created as some alternative solution and then gradually made its way to becoming a policy. This paper will take a peek at the California’s three-strike law. In 1993, the first three-strikes policy was adopted through a ballot initiative, and it was until 1997 that the policy was enacted. Since then approximately half of the country and the federal court system have adopted this policy. Since a lot of offenders are repeat offenders, the three-strikes law is based on an increase in sentencing severity as to reduce recidivism through incapacitation and deterrence. The idea is that the most unreformed criminals deserve the most punishing of sentences. Each of state that practices the three-strike laws only shares it in name as the laws vary from state to state. Some of the differences that are present are what each state defines as the number and types of offenses (Mallicoat & Gardiner, 2014). In California a photographer by the name of Mike Reynolds, as opposed to a policy maker, who lost his daughter in a...
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...Rape Prevention Programs Patricia A. Saylor Criminal Justice 305 Crime Prevention Instructor Spinks August 10, 2015 Abstract This paper serves to inform the Philadelphia City jurisdiction of rape prevention programs that would be suitable for implementation in their jurisdiction. It will discuss trends in three major cities as well as nationwide trends. It also discusses costs of implementation and effectiveness of the programs. The paper asks vital questions and provides answers. There will be graphs and statistical data represented on the current and past trends in regards to forcible rape from the year 2002 to 2012. The three major cities focused on are Houston, TX; New York, NY; and Los Angeles, CA. The jurisdiction the programs are best suited to would be major cities such as these. The program addresses law enforcement in the adult justice system. The paper will explain predicted outcomes for both the short and long term. Keywords: Rape, Rape Prevention, UCR statistics This paper serves to inform the Philadelphia City jurisdiction of rape prevention programs that would be suitable for implementation in their jurisdiction. These programs are aimed at addressing law enforcement in both the adult and juvenile justice systems. Forcible rape is a violent crime against an individual. Forcible rape is also one of the most difficult crimes to track because not every person who has been raped files charges. Cities with a high population such as Philadelphia...
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...Criminal Justice Trend Evaluation Terry Milton CJA/394 June 25, 2012 James Beeks Criminal Justice Trend Evaluation To keep up with the criminal problems in society, functions and components of the criminal justice system has to evolve in order to be able to detect and keep up with growing trends in society. New laws need to be created to help keep up with the evolution and its new trends. In this paper the evaluation of past, present, and future trends that connect to societies and the components of the criminal justice system will be discussed. It will also assess the recent and future contemporary issues that affect the criminal justice system. The purpose of this paper is to show that the criminal justice system has a major role in an ever changing society. Recent and future trends have always and will always affect the criminal justice system. New trends in technology, law, terrorism, gender and diversity will always effect the functions of the criminal justice system. Technology in the 21st century is one of the legal issues that have caused controversy. New technology devices such as hand geometry biometrics and the use of retina and iris devices have the ability to gain information not only on people’s health but also their medical history as well. When it concerns the criminal justice system, many of these new technology devices are being used to detect drugs and concealed weapons that are sneaked into prison facilities. They help prevent illegal activities...
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...highest rate of crime but, that does not mean if they were all treated equally by the law. Racism is still very much a major part of our society. Growing up in NY I always knew that there were racist people, but I never knew how the racism actually affected our society and how strongly it influences such things as government funding for education and housing developments. Racism and prejudice always seemed secondary to me. I always knew that this country had issues with racism, but I never imagined that it affected serious issues so heavily. Minorities in this country are put at a greater disadvantage than whites. Many minorities, especially those that do not speak English as their primary language, have to deal with inadequate housing, underfunded school districts and the everyday struggle of discrimination for their differences and beliefs. Most people believe that black and Hispanic people simply commit more crime; the situation is actually more complex. Research suggests crime exists across all societies; it is the type of crimes committed that varies. Those who are victimized by crime are the lower economic levels of society. I think it’s a lack of knowledge and we only focus on these two groups. White collar crimes that are committed primarily by the middle-class and whites are underreported and often not counted in official crime statistics. In our criminal justice system blacks are treated more harshly at every stage in the justice system than...
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...7508729986,9646020181 RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW, PUNJAB Mohindra Kothi, Mall Road, Patiala - 147 001 (PUNJAB) | ABSTRACT In this essay I wish to discuss the various types of crimes that are emerging with special reference to developing countries like India By developing we mean where growth of Information Technology is rampant but still it has not reached its peak. Cyber crimes can take place across various jurisdictions and hence the legal issue of jurisdiction of International Courts and country specific Indian Courts arises. Throw light on the present system in India, how it is ineffective and also upon international treaties and legal solutions to deal with the same. I have suggested possible ways to tackle the problem taking into consideration the domestic laws in India. The inefficiency of legislature to enact a more user friendly law is also examined in detail. Turning back our focus on the main legal dilemma of Jurisdiction of Cyber Crime Courts we have suggested a model that would be successful in India taking into consideration its working in other countries. In my concluding remarks a problem solution approach is taking where we have addressed the issue and after due consideration the solution is suggested. If proposal taken and implemented with effectiveness it would lead to a better result and can be followed by other nations in solving the predicament regarding cyber crimes and criminals. In recent years, use of the Internet has grown at...
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...Jury Trial Analysis When an individual is charged with a crime, he or she becomes a criminal defendant. The United States Constitution provides these criminal defendants a number of rights that limit the fashion in which the government can investigate, prosecute, and penalize criminal behavior. These include, but are not limited to, the right to a speedy trial, the right to an impartial judge, and the right to an impartial jury. Criminal defendants have the right to a public trial. This ensures that the government will not carry out any hearings in secret that may violate the individual’s constitutional rights. There are times when the court will hold a closed hearing to protect the identity of a victim, such as a minor. A criminal defendant also has the right to be tried by a jury of his or her peers. The type of jury varies from state to states but these juries are made up of members of the community that have been randomly designated by the court and chosen by attorney for both the prosecution and the defense. This leads the criminal defendant into the right to ask for a swift trial. The most intricate premises of the criminal justice system are that when justice is delayed, it is denied. The right to a swift and speedy trial is essential in a structure that places equality and integrity above all else (FindLaw, n.d.). Diligent trials promote civility within the criminal justice system. A speedy trial is one that is without any postponements. The Sixth Amendment...
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...Criminal Justice 410 Strayer University Plan To Improve Correctional Facilities Professor Douglas Brinkley Donna M. Davis July 30, 2012 Prisons in America face many problems today. One such problem is the amount of elderly inmates. Elderly inmates represent the fastest growing segment of the federal and state prisons. The aging inmate population has created new challenges for the American corrections system. The population of aging and elderly prisoners in the United States prisons exploded over the past three decades, with nearly 125,000 inmates aged 55 or older now behind bars, according to a recent report published by the American Civil Liberties Union. This represents an increase of over 1,300 percent since the early 1980s. (Graying in Prison). Some contributing factors to the increase in elderly inmates are, get tough on crime reforms of the 1980s and 1990s, mandatory minimum sentences, three strikes rules and truth in sentence laws established in recent decades are keeping more offenders in prison for longer periods of time. Inmates are living longer and this also contributes to prison overcrowding. (Elderly Prisoners, 2012). In passing some of these laws, such as the three strikes laws, the courts and the Criminal Justice System did not think about the aging inmates and the problems that go with it. As people age, generally they develop health problems and within the prison system, this is no different. Prisons aren’t geared to the needs...
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...Criminal Justice Trends CJA/484 April 2, 2014 Criminal Justice Trends This paper will be evaluating the past, present, and future trends of the corrections component. It will also be discussing the budgetary and managerial impact that it has on future trends including law enforcement and the courts system. The criminal justice system will always be a significant part of social order. The world’s leader in incarceration is the United States. Prisons and jails operate around two philosophies of punishment vs. rehabilitation. The past tend was solitary confinement with no concern for inmate rehabilitation or any concern for the well-being of the inmates. Most of the increase has come from the changes in sentencing laws and policies, but not in the crime rates. These trends have stemmed in prison overcrowding and financial burdens on states to oblige a fast increasing penal system. The war on drugs sentencing policies resulted in an intense increase in incarceration for drug offenses. There was also the “Three Strikes and you Out” laws. Severe sentencing laws such as mandatory minimums are responsible for offenders to stay in prisons for a longer periods of time, also high recidivism rates. Woman in Federal and State prisons that have been incarcerated for drug offenses has increased. The women’s have histories of significant histories of physical, sexual abuse, HIV, and substance abuse. Even though violent crime has been coming down, the prisoners that are serving...
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