...Impact of afghan war on Pakistan economy “Although history has been very unkind to Pakistan but its geo-strategic position has been a great asset to garner benefits from world great powers” (Stephen p. Kohen) • Introduction The conflict and instability in Afghanistan is the aftermath of 9/11 attacks and their regional implications had very negative repercussions, for the years following the US invasion of Afghanistan not only saw a huge influx of Afghan refugees across the border into Pakistan but also witnessed a sudden spike in the frequency and scale of terrorist attacks in Pakistan. The cumulative impact of these developments adversely impacted the overall growth rate in all major sectors of the economy. Pakistan continues to pay a heavy price both in the economic and security terms due to this situation and a substantial portion of precious national resources both men and material, have been diverted to address the emerging security challenges for the last several years. The rise of violent extremism and increase in terrorism in Pakistan due to instability in Afghanistan not only caused serious damage to Pakistan’s economy but has also been responsible for widespread human suffering due to indiscriminate attacks against the civilian population. This situation disrupted Pakistan’s normal economic and trading activities which not only resulted in higher costs of business but also created disruptions in the production cycles, resulting in significant delays in meeting the...
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...Abstract The study analyses the degree of integration of Pakistan’s economy in global trade and financial flows. Pakistan’s integration into the global economy gained momentum in the late 1980s and early 1990s when it adopted more open and liberal policies as part of stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes negotiated with the IMF and World Bank. The paper presents an overview of Pakistan’s economy in the before and after period, it will specifically examine the trade performance from the 1980s onwards to see the progress made towards the integration of the Pakistani economy into the world economy. It will look into the opportunities that Pakistan is likely to gain in a more globalised world, with special focus on the textile and clothing sector and the potential growth in this sector after the abolition of the Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) in 2005. New challenges that may emerge in a more open trading environment will also be discussed. 1. Introduction Globalisation broadly defined as the free movement of goods, services, people and information across national boundaries has become a widely debated topic in recent years. Developing countries embrace Globalisation for a variety of reasons. Firstly, foreign investment provides more jobs, new production technologies, infrastructure improvements and a source of capital for local entrepreneurs. Domestic businesses gain access to both cheaper inputs and much larger markets for their products. The removal of trade barriers...
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...BANKING CHALLENGES IN THE 21ST CENTURY Dr. Muhammad Anwar Hassan, Vice Chancellor, Preston University, Mr. Muhammad Humayun Khan, Chief Manager, State Bank of Pakistan, SBP BSC (Bank) Peshawar, Mr. Rashid Qazi, Vice President, PICIC Commercial Bank Ltd. Peshawar, Mr. Badar Hussain, Area Head North, MCB Peshawar, Mr. Tabraiz Hassan Butt, Regional Business/Operational Chief Peshawar, Fellow Bankers, Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen! First of all I would like to congratulate the administration of Preston University Peshawar for organizing this Seminar. It was the earlier part of the 1990s when the inherent weaknesses of the banking structure were recognized and a comprehensive reform process in the banking industry was initiated. The underlying objectives of the initiatives were to ensure and create a level-playing-field environment of competition in the market and to strengthen the governance and supervision of the financial institutions. In fact, the reforms were targeted to adopt a market-based indirect system of monetary, exchange and credit management to ensure the efficient allocation of financial resources. Today, 15 years later, it would no longer be an exaggeration but a fair statement that the landscape of the banking system in Pakistan has changed. The country has made a significant progress in implementing financial sector reforms and has achieved a more competitive market structure with expanding market share of private sector banks. Moreover, significant gains have...
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...Abstract: Pakistan has important strategic endowments and development potential. The country is located at the crossroads of South Asia, Central Asia, China and the Middle East and is thus at the fulcrum of a regional market with a vast population, large and diverse resources, and untapped potential for trade. The increasing proportion of Pakistan’s working-age population provides the country with a potential demographic dividend but also with the critical challenge to provide adequate services and increase employment Economical view: Pakistan faces significant economic, governance and security challenges to achieve durable development outcomes. The persistence of conflict in the border areas and security challenges throughout the country is a reality that affects all aspects of life in Pakistan and impedes development. A range of governance and business environment indicators suggest that deep improvements in governance are needed to unleash Pakistan's growth potential Pakistan also faces significant economic challenges. The sharp rise in international oil and food prices, combined with recurring natural disasters like the 2010 and 2011 floods had a devastating impact on the economy. As Pakistan recovered from the 2008 global crisis, its gross domestic product (GDP) grew 3.8 percent in Fiscal Year 2009/2010 (FY09/10). The 2010 floods, with an estimated damage of over $10 billion, caused growth to slow down to 2.4 percent in FY10/11. The Pakistan economy grew by an estimated...
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...ownership in VimpelCom Ltd. Telenor Group is among the largest mobile operators in the world with over 140 million mobile subscriptions (Q4 2011) and a workforce of 30,000. Telenor started out as a public company in 1855 and builds on more than 155 years of telecom experience. A Telenor is a global company it is always looking to expand in to untapped markets or where oppuruntities are available for expansion. Telenor acquired a license for providing GSM services in Pakistan in April 2004, and launched its services commercially in Karachi, Islamabad, and Rawalpindi on 15 March 2005; it expanded its services to Lahore, Faisalabad and Hyderabad on 23 March 2005. Telenor Pakistan’s Corporate Headquarters are in Karachi, with regional offices in Peshawar, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Hyderabad and Islamabad. On 28 January 2005, Telenor established its first call centre in Karachi. TELENOR TOOK ADVANTAGE OF GRADUATES IN KARACHI BY OPENING ITS CALL CENTRE IN A CITY WITH HIGH LEVEL OF GRADUATES. As of January 2012, Telenor Pakistan had a reported subscriber base of 28.47 million, and a SIM market share of 24%. On October 2012, Telenor officially declared to have the customer base of 30 million. Competitors Its main competitors are Warid (UAE), Mobilink (Egypt), Zong (China), Ufone (PTCL/UAE). All these companies are foreign investments; excluding Ufone which is part owned by PTCL. Telenor’s advantage over its competitors is gained by offering consumers greater value than competitors...
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...AMB Country Risk Report September 28, 2011 Pakistan Country Risk Tier CRT-5 • The Country Risk Tier (CRT) reflects A.M. Best’s assessment of three categories of risk: Economic, Political and Financial System Risk. • Pakistan, a CRT-5 country, is itself the site of military and terrorist activity. Its fundamental lack of political stability is a challenge to its economic and financial outlook. Economic Risk Moderate Low High • Regional instability and domestic bureaucratic inadequacies challenge this economy that, though recently liberalized by the government, supports a relatively low-income population. • In addition to the need to eliminate terrorist violence in Pakistan, the government must continue to work to strengthen the legal system and transparency in government to increase growth in Pakistan’s economy and industry. Very Low Very High Political Risk Moderate Low High Very Low Very High Financial System Risk Moderate Low High Very Low Very High For information on companies followed Market Outlooks Copyright © 2011 by A.M. Best Company, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means; electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise. 1 AMB Country Risk Report Pakistan Regional Summary: South Central Asia • The region of South Central Asia, comprising the countries south of the Himalayans, is...
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...Afghanistan and Pakistan are neighbor countries, located in south of Asia. While they have some economic similarities but totally different countries in economic structures and compositions. To illustrate the economic differences Pakistan and Afghanistan following are the main characteristics of these two states: 1. GDP (Gross Domestic Products) is one of the important elements in studying economy of countries. Based on World Bank data, Pakistan GDP was $ 225.1 billion in 2012. In the meanwhile, Afghanistan GDP in 2012 was $ 20.50 billion, which is approximately ten times less than Pakistan. It does make sense because firstly, Pakistan is bigger than Afghanistan in term of population and geography, which population and geography does have effects on its GDP. Secondly, Afghanistan has passed occupation and civil wars that all its infrastructures and revenue sources were demolished. Finally, in terms of GDP composition, Pakistan is better than Afghanistan. The household consumption in Pakistan is 82.5 %, while the household consumption in Afghanistan is 96.5%. 2. Unemployment is another important indicator of economic measurement. In Pakistan the unemployment rate is 6.2%, while the unemployment rate in Afghanistan is 35%, which shows nearly 6 fold higher than Pakistan. Globally, Afghanistan ranks 15 in term of unemployment, while Pakistan locates in 127. In deed the unemployment rate of both countries shows differences in term of sex and rural and urban areas. In Pakistan the unemployment...
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...1 – Pakistan 4/9/2014 Pakistan is a sovereign country of South Asia, and the sixth most populous country in the world. It was ruled by the British Indian Empire until August 14, 1947, when the empire split into two separate sovereign states- Pakistan and India. It now borders the Arabian Sea, India on the east, Iran and Afghanistan on the West, and China in the north (Nations Online, 2014). After formation of the New Republic, tensions between East and West Pakistan still existed, which caused a civil war, and ended in separation and creation of the state of Bangladesh. Formal relations between Pakistan and India were re-established. They were shaken again in the late 90s, when India tested nuclear weapons and Pakistan followed a few weeks later. That led to the Kargil War of 1999 (Nations Online, 2014). Under the pressure of the United States, Pakistan broke its close ties with Afghanistan, and became a US ally after the Sep. 11 attacks. President Bush, therefore, ended sanctions that were instituted after the nuclear tests in 1998, and rescheduled Pakistan`s debt (Nations Online, 2014). In 2003, Pakistan and India ended their fight in Kashmir, and allowed people to reunite between the two capitals of Kashmir - one on the Pakistan`s side, the other one on the Indian side. After 60 years, in 2007, trade route finally opened across the line of control (Nations Online, 2014). With increased violence in Afghanistan in 2010, President Obama pressured current Pakistan`s President...
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...An Exploratory study on the Challenges Faced by Young Male Entrepreneurs in Karachi Research Proposal Spring 2016 4th Feb 2016 Submitted To: Dr. Jawaid Qureshi Submitted By: Abdul Basit - 1435199 Syed Muhammad Haseeb - 1435218 Contents 1. Introduction 2 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Aims of Research 4 2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 6 3.1 Research Questions 6 3.2 Research Design 6 3.3 Sample Size 7 3.4 Research Instrument 7 References 9 1. Introduction: Interest in entrepreneurship in economies has grown within international business research due to the failure of getting employment, limited success of microfmance, lack of experience and knowledge and the relatively the unfulfilled promise of Government sector solutions. Research argues that entrepreneurial orientations and opportunities can be the answer to the former issue. In recent years, entrepreneurship has been regarded as an important element not only of regional economic growth itself, but of economic resilience. It has been suggested that this generation should become known as E-Generation because, they are expected to become the most entrepreneurial generation since the Industrial Revolution (D. F. Kuratko, 2004). This would be no surprise as a Gallup poll (Walstad, 2010) conducted in 2010 found that 69% of its 602 surveyed university students expressed interest in starting a business. However, a similar kind of pool which have the students who has just started their...
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...Provincial Economic Development: Performance, Challenges, and the Way Forward Khalid Ikram* 1. Introduction Analyses of economic development in Pakistan have traditionally followed a “top-down” approach. They examine the behavior of macroeconomic indicators for the country as a whole, referring only in a general, even cursory, manner to the trajectories of each province, and even more summarily to the policy issues, constraints, and opportunities that confront the different provinces. The implicit attitude—that it is the federation as a whole rather than the federating units that matter—is so firmly embedded in the official mindset that, even after 65 years of Pakistan’s existence, the authorities do not produce official statistics of province-level gross domestic product (GDP), investment, savings, exports, imports, labor productivity, and other key economic indicators. 2. The Importance of a Province-Level Approach Why is a province-level approach important? The issue is not merely of academic interest. It is necessary to strengthen studies at the province level, because policies to address questions of employment, poverty, and perceived deprivation, and to improve the delivery of key services are more effective if the perspective is as close to the ground as possible. The validity of this approach is recognized by the burgeoning number of regional or state studies in India and in other parts of the world—such as China, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Brazil...
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... PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN General information on the Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan. Research and Compilation by the Commercial Section of the Embassy of Brazil in Pakistan. [pic]Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan Table of Contents 1. Pakistan’s Economy 2 2. Industry overview 2 2.1 Current Status of Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan 3 2.2 Types of papers produced 4 2.3 Method of Producing Paper 4 2.4 Raw Material Availability 5 3. Current status of Trade and Potential of Pak- Brazil Trade Cooperation in this sector 7 3.1 Potential of Export to Pakistan 8 4. Future Outlook 10 5. Companies and Useful Links 11 1[pic] SECOM-Islamabad, Pakistan [pic]Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan 1. Pakistan’s Economy Pakistan economy is positioned at 27th largest economy with 488 (1) billion USD in term of Purchasing Power Parity. Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economy, which mainly encompasses textiles, chemicals, food processing, agriculture and other industries. Growth poles of Pakistan's economy are situated along the Indus River, diversified economies of Karachi and Punjab's urban centers. The economy has suffered in the past from decades of internal political disputes, terrorism, political...
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...Consumers are the kings of markets. Without consumers no business organization can run. All the activities of the business concerns end with consumers and consumer satisfaction. Sadiq investigated the Economic Impact of Retailing in Pakistan. He found that the saturation of Retail markets in the developed countries and the growth potential of Asian markets had been enticing the big retailing giants to enter the business markets of countries like Pakistan whose retail potential expected to be $42 billion. Hanley & Leahy, (2008) examined the effectiveness of relationship marketing strategies used by department stores. Their primary objective of the study was to discover the extent to which customers use and influenced by relationship marketing strategies. They found that that customer perceived that relationships exist between the customer and the department store. These relationships developed as a result of positive personal interactions between customers and department store staff and as a result of certain value driven relationship marketing strategies. Khan & Khan, (2010) investigated that Pakistan Textile Industry Facing New Challenges. They found that Pakistan textile industry contributed more than 60 percent (US $ 9.6 billion) to the country’s total exports. This industry also had faced great...
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...Organization 7 2. Review of literature 8 3. Analysis of Data 23 3.1 Global Causes of Unemployment 23 3.2 Costs and effects of Unemployment 24 3.3 Situation of Unemployment in South Asia 26 3.4 Situation in Pakistan 29 3.5 Role of Pakistan Government...
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...fasting growing economies in the world. This has a lot to do with the huge population in India. Capital, labor, and productivity growth have been the main contributors to the economic growth in the country. In recent years the Indian government has made great strides in strengthening the economy. Despite this push by the government there are still several very poor areas and the country still has a lot of uneven economic stability and because of this there is still a lot of room for improvement. The widespread poverty throughout India is one of the biggest challenges the country faces (Dasgupta & Chakraborty, 2005). For many years the Indian government had several rigid policies to discourage foreign investments but in recent years these policies have been under reform. Most of the growth that the economy of India has seen in recent years has been due to internal growth. The country depends very little on exports and this has been an advantage for their stability. When foreign countries have economic problems and in recent years when there are been global economic crisis, the effects are not felt as much on the Indian economy. India has a very good education system which is great for their economic growth. Unfortunately the education in not evenly spread throughout the country so there are many well educated areas but just as many uneducated areas which creates a high unemployment rate for those areas. The biggest challenge for India’s economy is its lack of resources...
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...Modern Agricultural Farm (MAF) is a farm which is located in Pakistan. In order to make MAF stand out from the crowd, we need to analyze and figure out the opportunities as well as the challenges MAF is facing currently. Macroeconomic: Economic Pakistan is located in the South Asia, bounded by India on the east and by Arabian Sea on the south. 70% of the livelihoods of the population in Pakistan are either directly or indirectly linked to agriculture (N. Ahmed 1). In another words, agricultural industry is the backbone industry in Pakistan. The government of Pakistan has therefore “identified that agriculture is one of the priority areas to be focused in order to support the economy (“Pakistan- Language, Religion, Culture, Customs and Etiquette” 1)”. Under this background, it is apparent that the Modern Agricultural Farm is facing a great opportunity to develop with the support from the government. Social Agriculture is a labor-intensive industry, especially when it comes to growing vegetables as is mentioned in the case. Pakistan has a large population of 159,196,336 (“Pakistan- Language, Religion, Culture, Customs and Etiquette”), and referring to the data, the minimum wage in Pakistan is only $1.23 per hour (“Pakistan Labor Stats”). It could be inferred that with the availability to such a large number of labor forces and cheap labor price, Modern Agricultural Farm can easily control the labor expenses and therefore efficiently increase the potential profitability...
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