Premium Essay

Challenges for Adopting Single Currency in Asean

In:

Submitted By nerixding
Words 445
Pages 2
Challenges of adopting single currency in ASEAN However, assisting a single currency may be even more challenging than introducing it. Srinivasa Madhur (2002) indicate that ASEAN will encounter a number of limitations on the implementing of a single currency: the huge gap between the income level, insufficient of political policy and the weaknesses of financial sectors. First, there is a significant differences between the levels of economic development within the ASEAN countries. For instance, the per capita income of the worthiest country among the region, Singapore is 300 times contrast to the Myanmar, the poorest country in the region (Rorberto, 2004). As most of the ASEAN members came from middle or low-income countries, when common currency was introduced it will definitely hurt the poorer members like Myanmar. Take an example of Greece who currently suffer a debt crisis as it has adopted the single euro currency (Supalak, 2013). Yoong (2009) indicate that it is much difficulties to maintain a common monetary arrangement among these countries with such huge gap of income levels. A strong and robust financial systems and markets is a necessary requirements in order to sustain a common currency union (Madhur, Srinivasa, 2002). From the past 1997 financial crisis in Asian has exposed that there is not exists of region-wide organizations to deal with threats to the financial industry and a weak financial system could destroy an exchange rate regime such as a common currency arrangement. In addition, insufficient systems for regional reserve pooling together with the absences of regional organizations could be an additional series of limitations on monetary collaboration and single currency within the ASEAN nations. This is in contrast EU countries as it has set up entire gamut of organizations for example European Commission, European Central Bank and European

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Case Analysis

...Pamantasan ng Lunsod ng Maynila Submitted to: Prof. Carlos Sison Production Operation Management II Submitted by: Ronaliza M. Dimapilis BBM-MBA Best Practices in Product Management Product management is an important role within any company, especially in a startup where the product is still evolving. Part cat herder, part strategist, and part analyst, if one thing is certain about a Product Manager, it’s that they need to constantly be on their toes and ready to rally a team behind a decision. The challenge of a Product Manager is to provide a solution to our consumers — one which can be translated into product requirements that are actionable for developers and designers. One of the greatest challenges also of a product manager is not only to give solutions to your customer needs & wants but also to give a highly sustainable and profitable Product to your organization or company. When I started my career as a product manager 3 years ago, things are quite different from what they are decades ago. Lucky we, that there were a lot of books or training courses, there were a lot of associations, blogs, or newsletter that are readily available and easy to access because of internets and social media. That could help us and gain some insights about product management. Let me share to you what I have learned about the best practices of product management from the book of “ 42 Rules of product management” written by Brian Lawley and Greg Cohen of 280...

Words: 9611 - Pages: 39

Premium Essay

Comparing Regional Integration: Apec and Asean

...PROJECT ON “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN” Master of Commerce Semester-I (2013-2014) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By VIshwanath Vinod Acharya Seat No: ______ Tolani College of Commerce Sher-e-Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 093 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Vishwanath Acharya of M.Com Semester I (2013-2014) has successfully completed the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN” under the guidance of Dr.Vasudev Iyer. Project Guide: ____________________________ Course Coordinator: ____________________________ External Examiner: ____________________________ Principal: ____________________________ DECLARATION I, Vishwanath Acharya , the student of M.Com Semester-I (2013-2014) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN ” in the course Economics of Global Trade and Finance. The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge. References have been cited wherever necessary. Date: ___________ Place: Mumbai Signature of Student Vishwanath V. Acharya ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Preparing the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN ” has given me extensive practical knowledge related to the course. I would like to first thank our principal Dr.A.A.Rashid, for his valuable support in preparing this project. I express my deep sense of Gratitude...

Words: 12230 - Pages: 49

Free Essay

Myanmar-Transition

...Myanmar in Transition Opportunities and Challenges Myanmar in Transition Opportunities and Challenges August 2012 © 2012 Asian Development Bank All rights reserved. Published in 2012. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9092-812-6 (Print), 978-92-9092-813-3 (PDF) Publication Stock No. RPT124850-2 Cataloging-in-Publication Data Asian Development Bank Myanmar in transition: Opportunities and challenges. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2012. 1. Economic development. 2. Myanmar. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB. In this report, “$” refers to US dollars unless otherwise specified. Asian Development...

Words: 5104 - Pages: 21

Premium Essay

Cross-National Cooperation and Agreements

...Chapter EIGHT CROSS-NATIONAL COOPERATION AND AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVES • To profile the World Trade Organization • To discuss the pros and cons of global, bilateral, and regional integration • To describe the static and dynamic effects and the trade creation and diversion effects of bilateral and regional economic integration • To define different forms of regional economic integration • To present different regional trading groups, such as the European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) • To describe the rationale for and success of commodity agreements Chapter Overview Regional economic integration represents a relatively new phenomenon in the history of world trade and investment. Chapter Eight first examines the roles of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization in determining the ground rules of the world trade environment. It then introduces the basic types of economic integration and explores the potential effects of the process. Next it examines in detail both the European Union (its structure and its operations) and the North American Free Trade Agreement and briefly describes a variety of other regional economic groups. The chapter concludes with a discussion of various commodity agreements and producer alliances, including the Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries. Chapter Outline OPENING CASE: TOYOTA IN EUROPE Known for...

Words: 5888 - Pages: 24

Premium Essay

Asean Integration

...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Issues The meaning of Open Sky in the ASEAN must be determined. For the purposes of this Report, it is taken to refer to a situation of extensive liberalisation within the ASEAN region. It concentrates on the international links between members of ASEAN, and is not so concerned with domestic cabotage. The report does not focus on beyond rights, or on 5th freedom operations of non-ASEAN airlines within the region, though it recognises that these can have an impact on Open Sky arrangements. The rationale for Open Sky is taken to be to promote competition in the airline industry, and to give all airlines from ASEAN the scope to compete on intra ASEAN routes. Open Sky will also give airlines extra flexibility over their route development. Issues which need to be considered include: How well Open Sky will work in ASEAN? Will markets be competitive enough? Will there be shifts in hub location? Will anti competitive strategies affect operation? And will there be instability in the industry? 2. Experience of Open Skies Elsewhere There are many Open Skies bilateral agreements, and a few regional agreements. Few regional Open Skies agreements have led to substantial liberalisation or integration. The exception is Europe - Open Skies in Europe has meant the formation of a single aviation market. Significantly, this arrangement did not come about as a result of countries negotiating an open skies agreement - rather it was imposed on them by a central...

Words: 11379 - Pages: 46

Premium Essay

Saarc

...Expanding Horizons and Forging Cooperation in a Resurgent Asia SAARC 2015 The New Delhi Statement on SAARC 2015 and Asian Resurgence © Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, March 2007 Published by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung India Office K-70B, Hauz Khas Enclave New Delhi Email: fes@fesindia.org Edited by: Kant K. Bhargava and Mahendra P. Lama Designed and printed by: New Concept Information Systems Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi ISBN 81-7440-065-6 Contents Foreword Preface Background Paper Inaugural Address by I.K. Gujral Group Reports New Delhi Statement Annexures: (i) Programme (ii) List of Participants & Special Invitees (iii) List of Written Papers and Presentations Related Publications iv vi 1 17 23 45 56 71 Foreword As part of its programme for the promotion of regional cooperation in South Asia, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung organised the Conference on SAARC 2015: Expanding Horizons and Forging Cooperation in a Resurgent Asia in February 2007 in New Delhi in collaboration with Ambassador Kant K. Bhargava, former Secretary-General of SAARC, and Prof. Mahendra Lama, Chairman, Centre for South, Central, South East Asian and South West Pacific Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. The main thrust of the Conference was that the SAARC as an entity and its member states must prepare themselves well for leveraging the opportunities arising from the current resurgence in Asia. The Background Paper for the Conference was prepared...

Words: 20130 - Pages: 81

Premium Essay

Individual

...as we made her travel dream come true, we are delighted to have done the same for more than 100 million guests. We have kept our fares down thanks to our disciplined focus on keeping our operating costs the lowest among the world’s airlines. We offer a million free tickets every year. While enabling everyone to fly, we are also connecting people to places that were never connected by air before. We have achieved our Vision of being the largest low-cost airline in Asia, serving those who previously had no access nor the means to enjoy air travel. We have done this by staying close to our Mission of: • • • being the best company to work for, treating each Allstar as a member of our extended AirAsia family creating a globally recognised ASEAN brand maintaining the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce costs and enhance service levels Central to our promise is our great team of Allstars who have proven time and again that hard work, creativity, passion and a commitment to excellence are what it takes to be not just good, but great. these traits of our Allstars, combined with our five core values of safety, passion, integrity, Caring and Fun, have kept AirAsia growing from strength to strength. they have made us the World’s Best low Cost Airline, as vouchsafed by 18 million travellers polled by london-based consultancy skytrax. this is...

Words: 67418 - Pages: 270

Premium Essay

Singapore Country Analysis

............................ 4 Institutional Framework ..................................................................................................................... 5 Labor Policies of Singapore ................................................................................................................. 7 Objectives of the country: .................................................................................................................. 8 Corresponding Policies Implemented by the Government ................................................................ 8 Performance ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Opportunities, Challenges and Risks................................................................................................... 9 Conclusion: ........................................................................................................................................ 12 References: ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Country Background: Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian...

Words: 3564 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Airasia Annual Report 2010

...as we made her travel dream come true, we are delighted to have done the same for more than 100 million guests. We have kept our fares down thanks to our disciplined focus on keeping our operating costs the lowest among the world’s airlines. We offer a million free tickets every year. While enabling everyone to fly, we are also connecting people to places that were never connected by air before. We have achieved our Vision of being the largest low-cost airline in Asia, serving those who previously had no access nor the means to enjoy air travel. We have done this by staying close to our Mission of: • • • being the best company to work for, treating each Allstar as a member of our extended AirAsia family creating a globally recognised ASEAN brand maintaining the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce costs and enhance service levels Central to our promise is our great team of Allstars who have proven time and again that hard work, creativity, passion and a commitment to excellence are what it takes to be not just good, but great. these traits of our Allstars, combined with our five core values of safety, passion, integrity, Caring and Fun, have kept AirAsia growing from strength to strength. they have made us the World’s Best low Cost Airline, as vouchsafed by 18 million travellers polled by london-based consultancy skytrax. this is...

Words: 67418 - Pages: 270

Premium Essay

Airasia

...as we made her travel dream come true, we are delighted to have done the same for more than 100 million guests. We have kept our fares down thanks to our disciplined focus on keeping our operating costs the lowest among the world’s airlines. We offer a million free tickets every year. While enabling everyone to fly, we are also connecting people to places that were never connected by air before. We have achieved our Vision of being the largest low-cost airline in Asia, serving those who previously had no access nor the means to enjoy air travel. We have done this by staying close to our Mission of: • • • being the best company to work for, treating each Allstar as a member of our extended AirAsia family creating a globally recognised ASEAN brand maintaining the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce costs and enhance service levels Central to our promise is our great team of Allstars who have proven time and again that hard work, creativity, passion and a commitment to excellence are what it takes to be not just good, but great. these traits of our Allstars, combined with our five core values of safety, passion, integrity, Caring and Fun, have kept AirAsia growing from strength to strength. they have made us the World’s Best low Cost Airline, as vouchsafed by 18 million travellers polled by london-based consultancy skytrax. this is...

Words: 68088 - Pages: 273

Premium Essay

Case

...7 Security in the Contemporary World 99 Chapter 8 Environment and Natural Resources 117 Chapter 9 Globalisation 135 Chapter 1 The Cold War Era OVERVIEW This chapter provides a backdrop to the entire book. The end of the Cold War is usually seen as the beginning of the contemporary era in world politics which is the subject matter of this book. It is, therefore, appropriate that we begin the story with a discussion of the Cold War. The chapter shows how the dominance of two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, was central to the Cold War. It tracks the various arenas of the Cold War in different parts of the world. The chapter views the NonAligned Movement (NAM) as a challenge to the dominance of the two superpowers and describes the attempts by the non-aligned countries to establish a New International Economic Order (NIEO) as a means of attaining economic development and political independence. It concludes with an assessment of India’s role in NAM and asks how successful the policy of nonalignment has been in protecting India’s interests. The end of the Second World War led to the rise of two major centres of power. The two pictures above symbolise the victory of the US and the USSR in the Second World War. 1. American soldiers raising the US flag during the Battle of Iwo Jima, Japan, on 23 February 1945 Credit: Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, Photograph by Joe Rosenthal/The Associated Press ...

Words: 52386 - Pages: 210

Premium Essay

Ford Motor

...PART I. ITEM 1. Business Ford Motor Company (referred to herein as "Ford", the "Company", "we", "our" or "us") was incorporated in Delaware in 1919.  We acquired the business of a Michigan company, also known as Ford Motor Company, which had been incorporated in 1903 to produce and sell automobiles designed and engineered by Henry Ford.  We are one of the world’s largest producers of cars and trucks.  We and our subsidiaries also engage in other businesses, including financing vehicles. In addition to the information about Ford and our subsidiaries contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 ("2011 Form 10-K Report" or "Report"), extensive information about our Company can be found at www.corporate.ford.com, including information about our management team, our brands and products, and our corporate governance principles. The corporate governance information on our website includes our Corporate Governance Principles, Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Personnel, Code of Ethics for the Board of Directors, Standards of Corporate Conduct for all employees, and the Charters for each of the Committees of our Board of Directors.  In addition, any amendments to our Code of Ethics or waivers granted to our directors and executive officers will be posted in this area of our website.  All of these documents may be accessed by going to our corporate website and clicking on "Our Company," then "Corporate Governance," and then "Corporate Governance...

Words: 16716 - Pages: 67

Free Essay

Financial Crisis

...Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia ISSN 2383-9449 Fumitaka Furuoka, Beatrice Lim, Catherine Jikunan and Lo May Chiun (2012) Economics Crisis and Response: Case Study of Malaysia’s Responses to Asian Financial Crisis Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol. 11, No. 1: 43-56 Journal abbreviation: J. Contemp. East. Asia Stable URL: http://eastasia.yu.ac.kr/documents/Fumitaka_11_1.pdf www.JCEA-Online.net Open Access Publication Creative Commons License Deed Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, Volume 11, No.1: 43-56 http://dx.doi.org/10.17477/jcea.2012.11.1.043 Economics Crisis and Response: Case Study of Malaysia’s Responses to Asian Financial Crisis Fumitaka Furuoka, Beatrice Lim, Catherine Jikunan and Lo May Chiun The paper chooses the “Asian Financial Crisis” as a case study to examine its impact on Malaysian economy and describes how Malaysian government responded to the crisis. It also focuses on the Asian financial crisis’ impact on the employment of banking sector in Malaysia. In the finance, insurance, real estate and business service sector, a number of 6,596 workers were retrenched. Banks were forced into mergers and acquisition as well as downsizing, trim lean, organizational changes and introduction of new technologies. Excess workers were offered a “voluntary separation scheme.” These retrenched workers became the urban poor facing high cost of living and no opportunity for jobs as there is no safety net provided. 1. Introduction...

Words: 7422 - Pages: 30

Premium Essay

Indian Bpos

...Seventh Edition INTERNATIONALEDITION INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT MANAGINGACROSSBORDERS AND CULTURES TEXTANDCASES Helen Deresky Professor Emerita, State University of New York-Plattsburgh Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo PART OUTLINE Chapter 1 Assessing the Environment—Political, Economic, Legal, Technological Chapter 2 Managing Interdependence: Social Responsibility and Ethics Assessing the Environment Political, Economic, Legal, Technological Outline Opening Profile: Economic Crisis Spreads Through Financial Globalization The Global Business Environment Globalization Globality and Emerging Markets Effects of Institutions on Global Trade Effects of Globalization on Corporations Regional Trading Blocs The European Union (EU) Asia Comparative Management in Focus: China's Economy Keeps on Chugging. The Americas Other Regions in the World The Russian Federation The Middle East Developing Economies The African Union The Globalization of Human Capital The Global Manager's Role The Political and Economic Environment Political Risk Political Risk Assessment Managing Political Risk Managing Terrorism Risk Economic Risk The Legal Environment Contract Law Other Regulatory Issues The Technological Environment Global E-Business Conclusion Summary of Key Points...

Words: 20839 - Pages: 84

Premium Essay

Tech Company

...1. Environmental Analysis Economic Forecast (Opportunity) Standard Chartered Asia economist Jeff Ng said that the 2015 Philippine economy will remain “anchored” amidst the “tempest” in the global financial system resulting from the frequent adjustments in US interest rate. Mr. Ng pointed out that provided vital infrastructure investments are laid in place, The Philippines may likely reach the higher end of the projection this year. “We expect the Philippines to still outperform the rest of its Asean neighbors. It’s a bright spot in Asia”. He added, “The Philippines is seen as a standout.” Relevance: Standard Chartered Bank has strong confident to stay their business in the Philippines due to good economic development and improving standards of living, poverty levels in emerging market economies (EMEs) are dropping. High opportunity to reach their target market because of high consumer market and investment potential in an economy. The bank expects the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) to increase interest rates by 50 basis points by the fourth quarter of this year, as major economies continue to adjust their monetary policies as concern over the world economic growth linger. Philippines GDP Growth Rate rise up to 6% in 2015 The Philippines GDP advanced 1.1 percent in the third quarter of 2015, down from an upwardly revised 2.0 percent expansion reported in April to June and below market expectations. While the agriculture sector further contracted, growth in...

Words: 6401 - Pages: 26