...The 1920s swept in a new era of modernity through families having more money to spend on activities for pleasure and women and African Americans challenging social norms. After World War I, machines that were used to manufacture war materials became repurposed for industry, which sped up the process of producing technology and cheapened the price of goods. An economic boom occurred as a result, which gave the average working family both more money and more time to spend on leisure activities such as going to the theatre. Sales of automobiles and household appliances skyrocketed, marking the increase of modernity in the average family. Commercial entertainment became widely popular since families had more money for leisure activities. Both radio...
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...wrong, there's soma.” Does this sentiment explored in Aldous Huxley’s classic novel Brave New World now reflect current attitudes towards legal drug use? Have we become a society of self-medicating pill poppers desperate to avoid extreme emotions? Ashlie Hodges examines drug use in our society. Huxley’s novel challenges contemporary social values and expectations, while remaining relevant to the 21st century. The classic dystopian novel Brave New World was published in 1932 and is set in the year 2540. The title is a nod to William Shakespeare’s The Tempest, as the play directly features the words Brave New World. The message of taking legal drugs to avoid mental illness and emotions...
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...television. Everyday hundreds of shows come on TV that portray the way society reacts to strays in the social norm. Examples of family and social deviance can be found in shows like The Addams Family and Modern Family. LGBT members can be found throughout Modern Family because of the main characters being in a gay relationship. Family deviance is an example of the social control that society places on certain individuals. The Addams Family and Modern Family show how the US society deals with sexual and family deviance through the use of LGBT people and social norms. In the show Modern Family, sexual deviance is presented when Cam and Mitchell kiss for the first time on the show. Mitchell had rejected Cams kiss because he was embarrassed to show any kind of public display of affection. Society has made Mitchell feel like their gay relationship should not be displayed in public because people frown upon members of the LGBT community (Season 2 Episode 2). In another episode of Modern Family sexual deviance is portrayed when Cam pretends to be straight to win a bet with his partner,...
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...Integration Issues Social integration at work can only be influenced to a small degree. The formation of cliques and exclusive social groups is a natural process that can be impossible to control at times. Because of this, companies can experience informal divisions in their staff, creating a situation where culturally diverse employees avoid exposure to each other during break times and after work. Although there is nothing fundamentally wrong with this scenario, it can hinder the effectiveness of sharing knowledge, skills and experience, thus curbing productivity growth and the effectiveness of teams. Diverse Experience Co-workers with diverse cultural backgrounds bring unique experiences and perceptions to the table in groups and work teams. Pooling the diverse knowledge and skills of culturally distinct workers together can benefit companies by strengthening teams' productivity and responsiveness to changing conditions. Each employee in a diverse workplace possesses unique strengths and weaknesses derived from their culture in addition to their individuality. When managed properly, diversity in the workplace can leverage the strengths and complement the weaknesses of each worker to make the impact of the workforce greater than the sum of its parts. Recommended diversity in the workplace solutions include: Ward off change resistance with inclusion. - Involve every employee possible in formulating and executing diversity initiatives in your workplace. Foster an...
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...Primary Needs) hardwired characteristics of the brain that correct ( deficiencies or maintain an internal equilibrium by producing emotions to energize individuals ○ Prime movers of behaviour by activating emotions ○ Represent a universal and innate brain function that produces emotions that energize individuals to act on their environment. ○ Drives are innate and universal; we are born with them and everyone has them. ○ ○ ● Several human drives identified in research: i. Drives for social interaction ii. For knowing what goes on around you iii. For competence or status iv. For defending against physiological & psychological harm or loss Needs goal directed forces that people experience ○ Drivegenerated emotions directed toward goals ○ Goals formed by selfconcept, social norms, and experience Needs and drives, McClelland’s needs theory, Maslow hierarchy of needs ● The individual’s selfconcept (including personality & values), social norms, and past experience amplify or suppress drivebased emotions thereby resulting...
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...Organization http://org.sagepub.com/ Ways of constructing research questions: gap-spotting or problematization? Jörgen Sandberg and Mats Alvesson Organization 2011 18: 23 originally published online 15 July 2010 DOI: 10.1177/1350508410372151 The online version of this article can be found at: http://org.sagepub.com/content/18/1/23 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Organization can be found at: Email Alerts: http://org.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://org.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://org.sagepub.com/content/18/1/23.refs.html >> Version of Record - Feb 11, 2011 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Jul 15, 2010 What is This? Downloaded from org.sagepub.com at Sheffield Hallam University on January 18, 2014 Article Organization 18(1) 23–44 © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: sagepub. co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1350508410372151 http://org.sagepub.com Ways of constructing research questions: gap-spotting or problematization? Jörgen Sandberg Mats Alvesson UQ Business School, University of Queensland, Australia Department of Business Administration, University of Lund, Sweden Abstract This article examines ways of constructing research questions from existing literature, which are likely to promote the development of interesting and influential...
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...Gender are behaviors that are expected in society based on cultural expectations attributes. However, Cultural expectations have distinctive views of what makes someone famine and masculine. Ridgeway says “Gender is based on a social group that categorizes males and females” (4).This shows that women and males have their own distinctive behaviors when they need to interact with one another in the workforce. Race and social class defines what gender a female and male are categorized. For example, males who are middle class have higher social class. While woman have lower class and are put to jobs that are unworthy. In 3 minute thesis is based on status and gestors based on presentation. Norm’s behavior defines how a male and...
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...enough time to capture its four treasures. Once . . . captured . . . (the team of adventurers) must make it to Fools’ Landing and escape by helicopter to win. If however, the island sinks before (the team) can complete (its) tasks, the mission ends in defeat!” Since a game like Forbidden Island was designed to encourage collaboration between the players, the class was divided into several small-sized self-management teams that would be responsible to learn how to play Forbidden Island together under minimal supervision. In addition to the challenging task of capturing the four treasures while keeping the island from sinking, the class was also tasked with reflecting on the course material as it applies to our individual experience as a member of the team of adventurers while playing Forbidden Island. According to organizational behavior theory, working together as a self-managed team typically allows team members to perform challenging and complex tasks that require a high level of interdependence among members. Furthermore, self-managed teams that demonstrate high group cohesiveness and collective efficacy are more likely to successfully achieve goals and accomplishments. In fact, subject matter experts agree that the tasks that are usually assigned to self-managed teams enhance intrinsic motivation by encouraging the team members to utilize a variety of skills in order to complete the entire assigned task. With a common end goal in sight, I simply assumed that, in spite...
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...strategy. Southwest Airlines has had a simple and transparent strategy of offering a high volume of short, low-cost flights. The strategy is well-known among employees and also aligned with their culture. Culture is a system of shared values that identify what is important, and norms that identify appropriate attitudes and behaviors. It increases organizational performance by energizing employees with meaning in setting and reaching for goals. Also performance is increased by shaping and coordinating behavior. Culture as a leadership tool should be strategically relevant. Formal Versus Social Control: The Power of Shared Norms Culture is based on norms, which are socially shared standards of appropriate behavior. Norms guide the perception and interaction of members and how they approach decisions and solve problems. They also help to ensure conformity through positive and negative reactions. Research shows that group norms influence employee behavior more than monetary rewards or physical work environment. This is demonstrated when people alter their behavior with others in order to uphold shared social norms. Leadership through culture is effective when employees understand strategic objectives and the norms by which they can be achieved, and also must care about being able to or unable to deliver on the objectives. This...
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...by Rita Mai Brown illustrates that when forced to agree with everyone, the person theirself will not feel comfortable. On the other hand, as we grow up, people always tell us do not be like him or her, on the other hand they expect us to be like everyone else in many different forms. Parents always speak to their kids about discovering something new and being what they want to become, but how would this be possible if everyone wanted to be the president while only one person can president. Challenging the expectations of everyone can be regarded as bad and rebellious by mans. However, some may argue that nonconformity is just a way of conformity. In the first place, nonconformity is seen as a rebellion by many, however many scientist and artist take advantage of nonconformity thinking to create new ways of seeing the world. Not to mention Artist who are often regarded as weird loners just because most of them are single and live a life that does not include many other people in their social atmosphere. On the other hand, after...
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...Finally, in Sex Goes to School: Girls and Sex Education Before the 1960s (2008), Freeman uses sex education programs in Toms River, New Jersey and San Diego, California as the subjects of most of her analysis and points to the institute of education as the main educator of sex, especially in the 1940s and 1950s. She argues that coming of age in the mid-twentieth-century included for children to attend public schools to gain basic reading, writing, and math skills while also learning about social norms. These social norms include sex, gender, and sexuality that comes from both teachers and classmates as well. Social norms were learned in a multitude of settings within school which includes the playground, bathrooms, hallways, and with the various interactions students experience at their desks. Freeman notes how school policy was established to help channel and control behaviors that seemed deviant....
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...Masturbation was not accepted * You could not pull out while having sex * All of this was the worry of wasting the mans seed * Christians basically took this idea from Judaism * The fact that our sexuality is an identity is a modern thing * World religions are religions have a patriotically system and heterosexual system * EG. In catholic churches the priest are called “father”, and God is called the “holy father” * Mainstream – supports patriotically system * Marginal – does not support it * Confirmatory – those who accept the social systems around * Challenging – challenge social systems * Men and women in Christian homes have different roles * Men are to love and support their wives and make decisions * Helps the father * Mainstream + confirmatory = consolidating * Mainstream + challenging = tactical * Marginal + confirmatory = questing * Marginal + challenging = countercultural * In some context there may be an acceptance for homosexuals but...
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...LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL May 31, 2008 Mr. Retd. Cdr. Tabassum Teacher, Organizational Behavior Bahria University Karachi. Sir: We herewith present our “Term Report” authorized by you as a requirement for this course. In this report, we have tried to provide analysis on organizational behavior of NIB Bank. We hope we have covered all that was required for the report. If there be any clarification demanded, we would appreciate a call from you to our group members. Sincerely, Maaz Khalid Muhammad Usman Badar Muhammad Zain ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of “Allah”, the most beneficent and merciful who gave us strength and knowledge to complete this report. This report is a part of our course “Organizational Behavior”. This has proved to be a great experience. This report is a combine effort of, Maaz Khalid, Muhammad Usman Badar and Muhammad Zain. We would like to express our gratitude to our organizational behavior teacher Mr. Retd. Cdr. Tabassum, who gave us this opportunity to fulfill this report. We would also like to thank our colleagues who participated in a focus group session. They gave us many helpful comments which helped us a lot in preparing our report. HISTORY OF THE NIB BANK: NIB Bank Limited started as NDLC-IFIC Bank Ltd. which was incorporated in March 2003 as a public limited company. It started operations in October 2003 when all assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of the former National...
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...The ruling class that society determines are the class of people who have value, power, and money. These can be politicians, doctors, business owners, lawyers, etc. According to Dornhoff (1999), in the U.S. there is a small percentage of people who are the upper class and lives differently from the rest of the other classes. Members of this privileged class live in secluded areas or safe neighborhoods, numerous vacations, send their kids to private school, and collect expensive arts or antiques. Therefore, the upper class with an immense amount of wealth and income is the ruling class with domination over the government. In 2036, there will be a ruling class because it is a social norm that people imagine of—the ideas and beliefs of what a...
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...of the most influential Greek Athenian philosophers, attributing Socrates with producing one of the most inspiring gifts to western philosophy. De Botton (2000, 7) describes this gift as the logic of philosophy, the art of applying logical thinking to popular ideas to produce an informed opinion and independence of mind in the face of unpopularity. De Botton (2000) poses the key question why do we follow popular thought, especially ideas posed by influential people? De Botton asserts that it is because questioning the status quo often leads to one becoming a social pariah. De Botton’s (2000) argument is that the ability to think critically is grounded in philosophy; this allows one to confidently arrive at a logical position whilst acknowledging other arguments, which is supported by sound judgement. Thus, according to De Botton (2000, 7) the “Consolation for Unpopularity” is the self-confidence to challenge accepted norms through logical thought. The line of logic used by De Botton is that Socrates became a symbol of someone that stood up to the status quo using his intellect to challenge accepted ideas against the overwhelming majority. De Botton (2000, 16) asserts that because a person holds a position of power or influence over society, it does not mean their opinion is true and correct. Using philosophy De Botton urges individuals to test these propositions critically with their own logic. Socrates (De Botton 2000, 16) identified that the majority of Athenians generally...
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