...Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern for implementing user interfaces. It divides a given software application into three interconnected parts, so as to separate internal representations of information from the ways that information is presented to or accepted from the user. The Model View ViewModel (MVVM) is an architectural pattern used in software engineering that originated from Microsoft as a specialization of the Presentation Model design pattern introduced by Martin Fowler.[1] Largely based on the model–view–controller pattern (MVC), MVVM is a specific implementation targeted at UI development platforms which support the event-driven programming in Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) and Silverlight on the .NET platforms using XAML and .NET languages. Technically different, but similar, Presentation Model design patterns are available in HTML5 through AngularJS,[2][3] KnockoutJS, Ext JS,[4] Vue.js,[5] and for Java the ZK framework (Model-View-Binder). What is garbage collection? Garbage collection is a CLR feature which automatically manages memory. Programmers forget to release the objects while coding ..... Laziness (Remember in VB6 where one of the good practices is to set object to nothing). CLR automatically releases objects when they are no longer in use and refernced. CLR runs on non-deterministic to see the unused objects and cleans them. One side effect of this non-deterministic feature is that we cannot assume an object is destroyed...
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... | |British Airway’s Change Program | | | |[pic] | | | | | Contents Introduction 2 The Core Issues in BA 2 The Eight-step Change Process 2 Change Leadership 4 Change Readiness 5 Resistance to Change and Strategies 6 Stakeholder Analysis 6 Organizational Variables Impacting on Change 7 Specific Concerns and Problems 7 Managerial Challenges 8 Advised Approach 8 Conclusion 9 Introduction The dispute between BA management and Cabin Crew from 2009 to 2011 caused extensive impact throughout the global condition. BA totally lost £150 million and the brand reputation had been affected seriously. It meant that BA has some problems about its change management. This academic report contains...
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...difference between maintaining market leadership and barely surviving (Davila, Epstein& Shelton, 2006). To regain its long held standing as a leader in the snack industry Best Snack, Inc must implement a plan that focuses on creating a culture that cultivates innovation, developing management systems that are aligned with the new strategy, and creating a new product line that will bring the company back to the forefront in the snack industry. Describe the Situation Issue and Opportunity Identification Best Snacks, Inc has been a leader in the snack industry for many years. As the snack industry began to change to meet the demands of a consumer market that is more health conscious, Best Snacks has failed to meet the challenge. Best Snacks has been slow to adapt to change and stray away from its tried-and-true research, development, and marketing activities (University of Phoenix, 2006). The complacency of Best Snacks, Inc has caused it to have falling sales and stock prices. Successful organizations tend to become complacent and conservative in order to preserve their core competencies (Davila, 2006, p.239). Best Snacks, Inc has an opportunity to evaluate its current strategy and develop a new strategy that is conducive with innovation and creativity. The lack of innovation at Best...
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...analyse the strategic change management in Business Development Club. This club is intended to bridge the gap between management, policy-making departments and the various levels of employees who are not directly involved in management discussions. This report addresses about models of strategic change and then discuss relevance models of change in the current economy. Furthermore intervention techniques these key areas which mentioned sequentially. This report mentions about the need for strategic change in the Club and also describes the factor which one driving for change. Furthermore, explains the resources implications which one not responding to the change. In addition, Moreover discuss about stakeholder strategy, the system to involve stakeholders in the planning of change and then evaluation. Finally, develop appropriate model for this change programme and plan the implementation of a model for change and look at the measures to monitor the progress of this change. Strategic Change Management A process involves developing an innovative vision for where the company needs to be, and then developing an equally innovative path for achieving the goals. This is a systematic approach to dealing with change both from perspectives of an organisation and on the individual level. Change management can be defined by three main components: adapting to change, handling the change and effectively putting forth that change. To effectively put...
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...Assignment brief Unit number and title Unit 3: Strategic Change Management Qualification BTEC – LEVEL 7 – Extended Diploma in Strategic Management & Leadership Start date 7th September 2015 End Date 28th September 2015 Assessor Pierre Arman Assignment Due Date Assignment title 25th Oct 2015 Understanding the need for and aspects of Strategic Change Management The purpose of this assignment is to provide learners with understanding and skills to assess the need for strategic change in organizations and how to empower them to take engagement actively in the process of strategic change management. Scenario It is the realities of today, change is imperative for a healthy and sustainable success of today’s organizations. To this end, every organization undergoes a change process so as to compete with the changing market circumstances. You are required to identify the need for change in any department or area in your chosen organization and you have to state why there is a need for change and how will you plan and implement it effectively. Task 1 Understand the background to organisational strategic change 1.1 Discuss models of strategic change and their differences (AC 1.1). 1.2 Evaluate the relevance of models of strategic change to your chosen organisations in the current Economy (as of the current situation which is the best suitable model) (AC 1.2). 1.3 Assess the value of using strategic intervention techniques in your chosen...
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...Change Management Organisations Change Management Strategy Report Organisations are highly specialized systems and people working within the organisations are generally cynical to change in the work environment as they don't want to get into uncharted territory. It is the natural tendency of human being to live in their comfort zone and no one likes to be comfortable being uncomfortable even for a short duration (during the change process). But, for organisations to survive and succeed in the current environment change is no longer optional. Organisations have to learn to love change to stay ahead of competition. * An overview of change management Definition - Change management is about moving from one state to another, specifically, from the problem state to the solved state (Jung, 2001). But, the organisational terminology for change management can be varied and ‘change' may be used under different terms. E.g. when a company talks about re-engineering, restructuring, promoting cultural transformation, or keeping pace with the industry, then it is talking about change. Lewin (1951) conceptualized that change can occur at three levels. * Change in the individuals who work in the organisation – that is their skills, values, attributes, and eventually behaviour. Leaders have to make sure that such individual behavioural change is always regarded as instrumental to organisational change. * Change in the organisational structures and systems – reward systems, reporting...
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...Contents Introduction Task 1 – Examine the past performance of your company to identify areas with the need for change. 2 3-4 Task 2 – Discuss any three models of change and evaluate their relevance of these models to contemporary organizations in Myanmar economy. Assess the value of using strategic intervention techniques in organizations. Determine the efficacy of applying these models to your organization. 5-7 Task 3 – Develop a change management strategy for your organization that involves stakeholders and a strategy for managing resistance to change. Formulate and evaluate a system to involve stakeholders in the planning of change. 8-9 Task 4 – Create an appropriate model for change in your organization and draw a plan to implement and develop measures to monitor it. 10-11 References 1|Page Delta Net Media Company is one of the largest and most innovative Media (Paid Satellite TV Network) & Internet Service Provider Company in Myanmar. Delta Net offer consumers in two different categories, DTH – Direct to Home satellite television network and MPS – Multi Play Services which adds satellite broadband internet to television network service. Delta Net is providing these services nationwide in Myanmar. It was launched in November 2010 and started with total 48 channels including sports, entertainment, news, movies, music so on and later expands to 83 channels as of 2013 and keep expanding the network to provide varieties of channels for consumers to...
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...Running Header: STORIES OF CHANGE Stories of Change Prof. Dr. Vanessa Graham HRM 560 January 26, 2014 Introduction The current business atmosphere is characterized by a myriad of changes that often bring new opportunities as well as challenges to established ways of doing things. Technological advancements, changing economic fortunes are some of the factors that frequently call for new approaches in doing things so as to cushion business from the adverse effects of failing to embrace these changes. Increasing levels of competition puts firms to their toes as they continuously more effective techniques with a view to gain a competitive advantage (Anderson & Anderson, 2001). Organizations and scholars are in agreement that change is inevitable. The result is a development of change models which help organizations to embrace and structure change processes so as to reduce resistance (Brisson-Banks, 2010). This essay discusses Kotter’s change model and its application to the stories of change at IBM, Hewlett Packard and Kodak. Kotter’s change model and stories of change As mentioned earlier, change is inevitable in organizations. While a majority of stakeholders often recognize the need for the implementation of change, most organizations are met with general resistance towards change. People often find it hard to abandon old ways of doing things that they are familiar with as they fear the unknown (Anderson & Anderson, 2001). Human beings fear...
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...Change Management in British Airways Name Class Affiliation Instructor Date Table of Contents Introduction 3 Context of the change 3 Evaluation of the nature of such changes 4 The change management strategy 5 The challenges and difficulties in implementing such changes 6 Change management model 8 Stakeholders 10 Managerial challenges 11 Overcoming resistance to change 12 Managing change 12 Conclusion 14 Reference 16 Introduction UK largest international Airline, British Airways, is among the leading airlines in the world, with one of the most extensive route network, running internationally (British Airways, 2010). The income of the airline has been on the increase with the profits for the period between 2007 and 2008 being a total of £8,753, which translated to 3.1% more than the previous period. Throughout its operating years, British Airways has faced different challenges, as it is for all other companies in the industry. During the year 2007, the American economy experienced a crunch due to the bursting of the housing market. This was the beginning part of the 2008 economic crisis, or recession, which had global effects (Åslund, 2010). Like any other industry, the UK airline industry faced a major setback, British Airways being one of the companies and there was a need to implement changes for long company survival. This paper is an analysis of the changes implemented by the British Airways in the period between 2009 and 2011, and the challenges faced...
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...Change Management in British Airways Name Class Affiliation Instructor Date Table of Contents Introduction 3 Context of the change 3 Evaluation of the nature of such changes 4 The change management strategy 5 The challenges and difficulties in implementing such changes 6 Change management model 8 Stakeholders 10 Managerial challenges 11 Overcoming resistance to change 12 Managing change 12 Conclusion 14 Reference 16 Introduction UK largest international Airline, British Airways, is among the leading airlines in the world, with one of the most extensive route network, running internationally (British Airways, 2010). The income of the airline has been on the increase with the profits for the period between 2007 and 2008 being a total of £8,753, which translated to 3.1% more than the previous period. Throughout its operating years, British Airways has faced different challenges, as it is for all other companies in the industry. During the year 2007, the American economy experienced a crunch due to the bursting of the housing market. This was the beginning part of the 2008 economic crisis, or recession, which had global effects (Åslund, 2010). Like any other industry, the UK airline industry faced a major setback, British Airways being one of the companies and there was a need to implement changes for long company survival. This paper is an analysis of the changes implemented by the British Airways in the period between...
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...Richard Dana Associates (RDA) was brought in by the owners of a family-owned business with complex relationship issues at a time preceding an anticipated leadership transition. Following individual and group coaching sessions, RDA was able to help the leadership separate personal issues, and codify practices through formal policies to allow the leadership group to focus on business issues without personal complications. At the end of RDA's engagement, the client was well-positioned to begin developing a transition plan. Bob, founder, CEO, and owner of a 20-year-old, closely-held business, hoped to groom his 30-year-old son, Jack to take over the business in the next five years. The firm was currently co-run by Betty, the COO and Operations Manager. She was a longtime employee of the firm, and also had been Bob's life partner for most of that time. Both Jack and the firm were at a critical juncture, if Jack and the firm did not make a mutual commitment to each other in the next year or so, Jack would likely pursue alternative career options, closing a window of opportunity. And yet Jack was not privy to many of the decisions and financials underlying the company information that would allow him to make an objective decision about his future role in the firm and no plan existed to manage the transition. Jack and Bob's personal relationship had grown estranged, and both prone to intense emotional responses to work and personal issues. In addition, Betty felt that Jack...
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...Journal of Change Management Vol. 6, No. 3, 235 –256, September 2006 Challenging the Code of Change: Part 2. Crossing the Rubicon: Extending the Integration of Change NIGEL LEPPITT Haldane Associates, Middlesex ABSTRACT It has been argued that the two most common approaches to change management adopted by organizations, Theory E and Theory O, represent an inefficient dichotomy and integrating elements of both into any change initiative has been proposed. The dichotomy in a Theory E approach, incorporating practices driven by an economic imperative and a Theory O approach, incorporating practices for improving organizational capability are questioned by this research. By comparing the integrated model identified by Beer and Nohria (2000) with 18 other change management approaches, the limitations of their model are exposed. Considerable similarities are observed between change management models and this leads to the conclusion that a more comprehensive integrated model should be developed and tested. This includes the importance of identifying the context for change as a prerequisite to change design. Initial research validated the use of an extended list of critical success factors, the utility of a new model for initiating change and reinforced the importance of a contingency paradigm. KEY WORDS : Change, change management, integrated change, business transformation Introduction In the first part of this research ‘Challenging the Code of Change: Part 1. Praxis does...
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...The psychology of change: understanding the guiding principles of effective change management Most change management models in use today are in the form of a process or set of steps. In fact, the most effective processes or methodologies are based on research and the experiences of change management experts from years of trial and error in the field. However, the underlying lessons and principles that produced these change management processes and tools are not always clear to the practitioner (especially if you are new to the field of change management). In many cases, the guiding principles and lessons-learned are not even discussed as part of the model or tools. The result: you learn the how but not the why. The years of practical experience and knowledge that formed the basis for these processes are not readily available to a person trying to make them work in a specific situation. This new tutorial series goes beyond the activities and tasks of managing change for one simple reason: understanding the “why” makes you better at doing the “how.” Change management is not a matter of simply following steps. No two changes are exactly alike, nor are any two organizations. Following a recipe for change management is insufficient to drive business results. The right approach will be specific to the situation. If you do not understand the why behind your actions as a change management practitioner, changes can fail even when reputable change management processes are followed...
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...Change Proposal Lourdes Garcia HRM/310 August 19, 2013 Rana Lindstrom Change Proposal Introduction Organizations around the world understand that Change management is essential to maintain the organization working with success. “Change management is increasingly seen as a business function, given that it is driven more and more by business factors, and becomes a way to optimize organizational effectiveness, balance competing demands, and improve the bottom line” ( Lebon & Stone, 2008). When any organization is ready to make changes, change management helps them make the transition smoother. Kudler Fine Foods is an organization that is no exception and is in need of the change management program. Recently, this particular organization decided to make changes in relation to working patterns, and now the concentration will be in the sales operations department of the organization, which most likely will benefit the organization as a whole and will be an overall change. . Kudler Fine Foods has a supervision of operations department which is run by two to four level managers who are supervised by a midlevel manager at this organization. Recently, there have been some problems in this department in relation to the management positions in the sales area. Change must be done in order to maintain balance and to respect the level of authority amongst the supervisors in this organization. Good quality management helps any type of business. For Kudler Fine Foods...
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...Organisational Change Essay Topic: One set of authors state that “An organisation’s ability to manage change will have a significant effect on its performance and prosperity” (Graetz. F., et al, 2006, p2 in Grates F. et al, 2006, Managing Organisational Change, John Wiley & Sons, Australia), whereas another author claims that few corporate change efforts have ever been successful (Kotter, J.P., 2005, ‘Why Transformational Change Efforts Fail’, Harvard Business Review, March-April 1995, pp 59-67). Discuss these two statements and build an argument that explains this apparent contradiction with regard to relevant organizational behavioural theory. In my opinion, the statements presented above do not contradict one another, in fact the two statements presented support the need for successful organizational change and the need for concerted effort in implementing the change. In almost every case, the basic goal has been has been the same: to make fundamental changes in how business is conducted in order to help cope with a new, more challenging market environment. Change is an organizational need, at one time or other and management needs rigorous support in achieving positive change outcomes. I want to look in detail the change management theory and practice including Transformational Change, The Tools and Techniques used for Change Management, Transforming Organisations for Organic Growth, Cultural Revitalisation and Behavioural Responses to Change and the successful strategies for...
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