Cell Energy Study Notes

“Topic” 1. Energy Basics 2. Cellular Respiration 3. Photosynthesis

“Energy Basic”

“All living things, plants and animals, require a continual supply of energy in order to function. This energy is used for all the processes that keep the organism alive. Some of these processes occur persistently.”

Processes and Chemical Reaction: Continually | Certain Time | Metabolism Food | Muscle Contraction | Large Large biologically important molecules | Cellular Movement | Transport Molecules and Ions throughout the organism | |

Plants | Animals | Obtain energy by trapping the sunlight using chlorophyll | Obtain energy by oxidation of foods |

Activation Energy:

The activation energy required achieving the transition state is a barrier to the formation of products; it is the minimum, necessary, amount of energy required for a reaction to proceed. This barrier is the reason why the rate of many chemical reactions is very slow without the presence of enzymes, heat, or other catalytic forces.

Ways to overcome this barrier:

* The reactants could be exposed to a large amount of heat * To lower the activation energy barrier

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP):

Composed of 3 components:

1. Center is a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule, ribose 2. Side1 is a base (consisting of linked rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms); base is adenine 3. Side2 is the sugar attached to a string of three (tri-) phosphate group ( Are the key to the activity of ATP)

Hydrolysis (addition of water)

ATP + H20 ADP + Pi
ATP + H20 ADP + Pi
Substantial Amount of free energy is released
Substantial Amount of free energy is released
Addition of water to remove the third phosphate group of ATP
Addition of water to remove the third phosphate group of ATP

ATP + H20 ADP + Pi
Adenosine Diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate
Inorganic Phosphate
Inorganic