3.1.1
If devices weren’t governed by the Wi-Fi alliance then most wireless signals would be hard to connect to. If each vendor had their own standards then programs wouldn’t be seamless across multiple platforms and many networks would only work for certain devices.
3.1.2
IBM Information Framework, a reference model for financial services makes banking operations easy for the end user.
3.1.3
Physical, data link, network, and transport
3.1.4
If a model is too detailed or to general many important details or program features can be missed or lost. It can also make a program harder to work with certain devices or other programs.
3.1 review
1. Because it doesn’t tell you how it will be transported or how it will be presented.
2. It is a communication model for the internet to standardize comms between networks.
3. It was created to simplify how data is formatted and transmitted on the internet.
3.2.1
The physical layer- defines the physical setup of the osi model.
Data link- provides a reliable link between nodes
Network- provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences (called datagrams) from one node to another connected to the same network
The transport layer- provides the reliable sending of data packets between nodes (with addresses) located on a network, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers
The session layer controls the dialogues (connections) between computers.
The presentation layer establishes context between application-layer entities.
The application layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which means both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application.

3.2.2
2- Data link= bit/frame
3- Network= packet/datagram
4- Transport= segments
3.2.3
A network has read and decipher data so it knows what to show to the end user.