____ 6. The first step in a while loop is typically to ____.
a. compare the loop control variable to a constant value
b. initialize the loop control variable
c. increment the loop control variable
d. execute the body of the loop

____ 7. The last step in a while loop is usually to ____.
a. compare the loop control variable to a constant value
b. initialize the loop control variable
c. increment the loop control variable
d. execute the body of the loop

____ 8. A(n) ____ loop executes a predetermined number of times.
a. terminal c. indefinite
b. definite d. infinite

____ 9. Once your logic enters the body of a structured loop, ____.
a. the entire loop must execute ) the entire loop must execute
b. the loop can be terminated with a break statement
c. the loop will execute indefinitely
d. a decision statement will be evaluated

____ 10. Many loop control variable values are altered by ____, or adding to them.
a. incrementing c. accumulating
b. decrementing d. deprecating

____ 11. A(n) ____ is any numeric variable you use to count the number of times an event has occurred.
a. accumulator c. index
b. key d. counter

____ 12. A loop within another loop is known as a(n) ____ loop.
a. indefinite c. nested
b. infinite d. hidden

____ 13. When one loop appears inside another, the loop that contains the other loop is called the ____ loop.
a. indefinite c. inner
b. definite d. outer

____ 14. Usually, when you create nested loops, each loop has its own ____.
a. sentinel value c. entrance condition
b. goto statement d. loop control variable

____ 15. A mistake programmers often make with loops is that they ____.
a. initialize the loop control variable prior to entering the loop body
b. increment the loop control variable inside of the loop body
c. include statements inside the loop that belong outside the loop
d. enclose the inner loop entirely within the outer loop in a nested loop

____ 16. A comparison is correct only when the correct ____ and operator are used.
a. expression c. statements
b. operands d. index

____ 17. Programmers use the term “____” to describe programs that are well designed and easy to understand and maintain.
a. industrial c. well-behaved
b. intractable d. elegant

____ 18. You usually use the for loop with ____ loops.
a. indefinite c. inner
b. definite d. outer

____ 19. The ____ loop provides three actions in one compact statement.
a. for c. do until
b. while d. repeat

____ 20. The amount by which a for loop control variable changes is often called a(n) ____ value.
a. group c. step
b. key d. sentinel

____ 21. The ____ loop is particularly useful when processing arrays.
a. for c. infinite
b. while d. nested

____ 22. Business reports that list only totals, with no individual item details, are called ____.
a. detail reports c. transaction reports
b. summary reports d. control-break reports

____ 23. A(n) ____ is very similar to a counter that you use to count loop iterations, except that you usually add a value other than one to this type of variable.
a. transaction c. validator
b. total d. accumulator

____ 24. Programmers employ the acronym ____ to mean that if your input is incorrect, your output is worthless.
a. IOW c. IOCW
b. GIGO d. GIGS

____ 25. Loops are frequently used to ____; that is, to make sure it is meaningful and useful.
a. validate data c. simulate data
b. restructure data d. corroborate data

____ 26. ____ a data item means you override incorrect data by setting the variable to a specific value.
a. Flexing c. Forcing
b. Tracing d. Blanking

Completion
Complete each statement.

27. Adding to a variable is called ____________________ the variable.